Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0 Submission Slide 1 InProComm, Inc. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working.

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 1

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: Analysis of Mode H and Mode L and Related Merger Proposals for AFHDate Submitted: November 1, 2001

Source: YC Maa, HK Chen, Shawn Liu and KC Chen

Company: Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc. Address: Taiwan Laboratories Address: P.O. Box 24-226, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300TEL +886 3 516 5106, FAX: +886 3 516 5108, E-Mail: {ycmaa, hkchen, shawnliu, kc}@inprocomm.com Re: [IEEE 802.15-00/367r1, IEEE 802.15-01/082r1, IEEE 802.15-01/246r1, IEEE 802.15-01/252r0, IEEE 802.15-01/366r1, IEEE 802.15-01/382r0, IEEE 802.15-01/385r0, IEEE 802.15-01/386r0, IEEE 802.15-01/491r0]

Abstract: This presentation compares mode H, mode L, as well as different merging proposals for AFH mechanisms.

Purpose: Submission to TG2 for analyzing mode H, L and different AFH merger proposals for draft consideration.

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 2

Analysis of Mode H and Mode L and Related Merger Proposals for AFH

KC Chen,YC Maa, HK Chen, and Shawn LiuIntegrated Programmable Communications, Inc.

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 3

Outline

Review of AFH: Mode H and Mode LReview of Different Merger Proposals

01/382r001/385r001/491r0

Conclusion

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 4

Review of AFH (1)

Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH):Non-collaborative mechanism enabling the

coexistence of 802.15.1 devices and ISM band frequency-static devices (e.g. 802.11b)

Dynamically change the frequency hopping sequence to avoid or mitigate the interference seen by 802.15.1 devices.

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 5

Review of AFH (2)

Flow of AFH Device Identification and Operation mode Channel Classification Exchange of Channel Information Initiate/Terminate AFH

Device Identification

Channel Classification

Classification Information exchange

AFH

Mechanism

1 2 3 4

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 6

Review of AFH (3): Inside AFH Mechanism

Frequency synthesizer

mapping

Original hopping sequence generator

Hop clock

RF input signal

partition sequence

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 7

Review of AFH (4) AFH merger baseline document: 01/252r0 (May01)

Voted & unanimously approved in May01 meeting initial draft text 01/366r1 in Jul01 meeting

Mode H baseline document: 01/246r0 (May01) When the number of usable channels are sufficient (no less than the

minimum required number)• Use Usable channels only

When the number of usable channels are insufficient • Use Usable and Kept channels intelligently

Mode L baseline document: 00/367r1 (Mar01) When the number of usable channels are sufficient

• Use Usable channels only When the number of usable channels are insufficient

• Use Usable and “fill-in” channels blindly• Higher packet error rate, and throughput will suffer

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 8

Channels are classified into 3 groups: (dynamic classification) Usable channel set SU: uninterfered or good channels (size = NU) Kept channel set SK: interfered channels kept for AFH (size = NK) Removed channel set SR : interfered channels left out in AFH (size = NR) NU + NK + NR = 79

Define Nmin to be the minimum number of channels that a Bluetooth device must hop over.

Usable and Kept need to be considered, based on Nmin, NU: Nmin NU: only use usable channels in the hopping sequence Nmin > NU: require kept channels in addition to usable channels in the new

hopping sequence, where kept channels NK = Nmin–NU

When kept channels are required, both “partition sequence” and “mapping” mechanisms are executed.

When kept channels are not required, only “mapping” mechanism is executed.

Review of AFH (5): Mechanism

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 9

Review: Three Merging Proposals

01/382r0, 01/385r0, 01/491r0

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 10

Review: 01/382r0 - mode H mapping

fgen NU

.SU..

fadp

XH bank of usable channels

.

.

.

bank of kept channels

1 0

NK

YH

1

0

pseq

The paths drawn in black are exactly the

same structure as mode L

Top path: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels

Middle path: the usable & removed channels are mapped to kept channels

Mod

1

0

Bottom path: bypass if original channel is already in the desired set specified by pseq

XH: shifting signal of mode H to equalize channel utilization

YH: bypass control signal of mode H

pseq: partition sequence specifying using SU or SK

SK

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 11

Review: 01/382r0 - mode L mapping

fgen

Mod

NU

.

.

.

.

fadp

XL

YL

bank of usable channels1

0

Top path: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels

Bottom path: bypass if original channel is already usable

fgen: hopping sequence before doing AFH

fadp: hopping sequence after mapping

XL: shifting signal of mode L to equalize channel utilization

YL: bypass control signal of mode L

SU

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 12

Review - 01/382r0 Merging Proposal Structural Comparison:

Mode H: • Path 1 - the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels • Path 2 - the usable & removed channels are mapped to kept channels• Path 3 - bypass

Mode L: • Path 1: the kept & removed channels are mapped to usable channels • Path 2: bypass

Mathematical Comparison: Mode H is equivalent to Mode L when

1. pseq = 1, i.e. map to usable channels only.

2. XH=XL , same shifting signals

3. YH=YL , same bypass paths

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 13

Review - 01/382r0 Merging Proposal

Mode H is superset of Mode L, mode L is a special case of Mode H.

Structurally and Mathematically compared, Mode H is equivalent to Mode L when usable channels are sufficient.

Mode H implements both modes of AFH should be the basis for merging AFH

mechanisms

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 14

Review - 01/385r0 Merge Proposal

Selection

Box27

UAP/LAP

CLOCK

fgen

23/79 Mode

Frequency

Replacement

fadp

AM_ADDR CLKE12-1 / CLKN12-1

12

28 Grouping /

paringfout

2. Remove as many ‘bad’ channels as required /

legally possible.

3. Use remaining ‘bad’ channels in

intelligent manner.

1. Bluetooth Hopping Sequence

generator

Different Naming: Frequency Replacement for Mode L Grouping/Pairing for Mode H

Block Concatenation instead of functional merge

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 15

not_usable channels- use mapping for replacementusable channels- bypass The structure is identical to the mode L block

diagram shown in of 01/382r0.

Frequency Replacement of 01/385r0

fadpfgen

RANDW

12

Mod NG

.

Good channel bank

7

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 16

Grouping/Pairing of 01/385r0

01/385r0 does not show any block diagram on Grouping/Pairing.

From the context of 01/386r0, the “grouping/pairing” block should be the same mode H block diagram as shown in 01/382r0.

Mode H already includes the “frequency replacement” functionality.

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 17

Review – Redundancy in 01/385r0 Merge Proposal

Redundant functions appear both in the first “frequency replacement” block and the second “grouping/pairing” blockAdderModuloMapping Table (bank for channels)

They should be merged wherever possible

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 18

Review - 01/385r0Merge or Concatenation?

Merge should reduce the overall complexity.

Concatenation is not a mergeIt adds up the complexityfrequency replacement redundant

functionality

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 19

Review - Interoperability in 01/385r0 Merge Proposal

Under 01/385r0, four different Bluetooth devices will exist Bluetooth 1.1 legacy device Device only using frequency replacement Device only using grouping/pairing Device using both of the above two schemes

Interoperability nightmares! Deals with different vendor designs Results in complex LMP commands and operations

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 20

Review - 01/491r0 Merged AFH Draft

PartitionSequenceGenerator

Traffic type(ACL or SCO)

LegacyHop

Kernel

phase(master's clock)

address(master's identity)

FrequencyRe-mapper

p(k)

fhop (khop)fadp

Channel Conditions(SU , SK , NU , NK )

Channel Conditions(SU , SK , NU , NK )

Single AFH Mechanism to accommodate mode H and mode L

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 21

Review - 01/491r0 Merged AFH Draft

A single AFH mechanism to accommodate both mode H and mode L

Conforms to previous agreements01/252r0 in May01 01/366r1 in Jul01 meetings

Structurally similar to 01/382r0 proposalLMP commands to be finished up as of

11/5/01

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 22

Conclusion &

Recommendation

Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc.November, 2001 doc.: IEEE 802.15-01/484r0

Submission

InProComm, Inc.Slide 23

Conclusion

AFH merger proposal (01/382r0) and AFH draft (01/491r0)provides unified and merged framework of

AFH mechanismperfectly complies with May01 voting and

Jul01 chairman’s instruction.Mode H and Mode L have been fully

implemented and incorporated in the proposal and draft.