Project of Utilizing World Bank Loans for the Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Chongqing City Integrated Pests Management Planning Office for comprehensive development of agriculture in Chongqing 2012-10-12 E4012 V2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Project of Utilizing World Bank Loans for the Sustainable Development of Agriculture in
Chongqing City
Integrated Pests Management Planning
Office for comprehensive development of agriculture in Chongqing
2012-10-12
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Contents
PROJECT OF UTILIZING WORLD BANK LOANS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN CHONGQING CITY ........................................................................................................ 0
2.2 PEST AND DISEASE DAMAGE SITUATIONS OF CROPS IN PROJECT AREA ................................................. 1
2.2.1 MAIN VARIETIES OF PESTS OF CROPS IN PROJECT AREA ............................................................................ 1 2.2.2 DAMAGE AREA AND LOSS RATIO OF CROPS MAIN PESTS IN PROJECT AREA ................................................ 2
2.3 PEST PREVENTION AND CONTROL AND MAIN PROBLEMS IN CURRENT PROJECT AREA ................... 3 2.3.1 MAIN CROPS PEST PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN PROJECT AREA ............................................................. 3 2.3.2 CHEMICAL PESTICIDE SERVICE CONDITION IN CURRENT PROJECT AREA ................................................... 3 2.3.3 MAIN PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT OF PESTS AND DISEASES .................................................................... 5
2.4 EXISTING ADMINISTRATION FOR CROP DISEASE AND PEST ................................................... 5
2.5 CHINA’S EXISTING POLICY FOR CROP PROTECTION .................................................................. 7
3. PMP- INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................... 7
3.1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 IMPORTANT TASKS ................................................................................................................................. 8
3.3 BUILDING CONTENT ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.1 RECOMMENDED METHOD FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ............................................................. 8 3.3.2 BUILDING DEMONSTRATION AREA FOR GREEN CONTROL TECHNOLOGY ................................................. 11 3.3.3 TRAINING FOR FARMER .......................................................................................................................... 12
4. ARRANGEMENT FOR PMP IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................ 12
4.1 ARRANGEMENT AND COOPERATION OF EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATION ................................ 12
4.2.1 OBJECTIVE OF BUILDING ......................................................................................................................... 13 4.2.2 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE ............................................................................ 13
4.3 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................... 14
4.3.1 Monitoring index and examination content ........................................................................................... 14
4.3.2 Monitoring and assessment ................................................................................................................... 14
4.3.3 Arrangement for progress report of PMP plan ...................................................................................... 15
5. WORKING PLAN AND EXPENSE ARRANGEMENT .......................................................................... 15
5.1 INVESTIGATION OF BASIC DATA ...................................................................................................... 16
5.2 TECHNICAL TRAINING FOR THE FARMER ..................................................................................... 16
5.2.1 TRAINING OF THE TUTOR (TOT) ............................................................................................................. 16 5.2.2 FARMER FIELD SCHOOL (FFS) ......................................................................................................... 17 5.2.3 MOBILE TRAINING TEAM FOR FARMERS .................................................................................................. 17
5.3 TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT SUPPORT ................................................................................................. 18
5.4 DEMONSTRATION PROMOTION FOR GREEN PREVENTION AND CONTROL....................... 19
5.5 SUBSIDY FOR BIOLOGY CONTROL .................................................................................................. 19
5.6 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................................................... 19
5.7.1 Basic data investigation ......................................................................................................................... 20
5.7.2 Training courses for counselor .............................................................................................................. 20
5.7.3 Farmer’s field school ............................................................................................................................. 20
5.7.4 Farmers flowing training team............................................................................................................... 21
5.7.5 Technical plant support ......................................................................................................................... 21
5.7.7 Extension of the green prevention and control demonstration............................................................... 21
5.7.8 Monitoring and evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 21 5.8 Public inquiry ........................................................................................................................................... 21
1 Project overview
The purpose of utilizing World Bank Loan for the sustainable development of agriculture
project is to bring in international favorable agricultural methods to improve basic situation of
agricultural industry and enhance the ability of adapting and fitting climatic changes, thus,
realizing agricultural sustainable development. The project shall be carried out in Yongchuan,
Fuling, Kaixian, Nanchuan, Dazu and Tongnan etc.24 villages and towns (street) of six districts
(counties) in Chongqing. Involved farmland is about 1,570,000 hm2. The project mainly
enhances infrastructure construction of agriculture on the basis of construction of water
conservancy works, develop water-saving irrigation and put comprehensive dry farming
agricultural strategies into practice, popularize advanced and practical agricultural technology
and energy saving and emission reduction measures to improve crops conditions of rice, corn,
vegetables and cole etc. and improve crop standard and emergency response and recovery
capability. The total seeding area shall not be changed according to practical agricultural
production of project area, but vegetables, forest and fruit etc. commercial crop area shall be
increased, which results in increasing the usage amount of pesticide and chemical fertilizer,
then extends the crops diseases and pests area, and may cause some new pests; therefore,
the project shall attach more importance to the application of sustainable agricultural
technology.
Some new problems may be caused in combination with current situation of crops diseases
and pests and project activities of project area according to World Bank requirements of “Pest
Management and Environmental Assessment OP/BP4.09”and provisions of “Pest
Management”, we established 2.4“PMP Pests Management Plan” of general project. PMP plan
includes five parts, namely, project overview, project background, comprehensive
managements plan of pests, implementation plan, working scheme and cost arrangements,
pest control of crops and forests is 1,570,000hm2,budgetary estimates are 92.885 million yuan.
PMP plan shall be realized by means of encouraging farmer using environment-friendly
agricultural methods and integrated pests management (IPM) technology, provide technical
assistance, farmer’s training, equipment purchasing, monitoring and assessment etc. to
improve quality of agricultural products and safety level. Key works of the projects are as
follows:
(1) Build up green prevention and control technology demonstration area in Nanchuan and Tongnan to show insecticidal lamp with solar energy to kill, insect sex attractant to kill, sticky colored cards to kill, insects proof net to isolate and bio-pesticide for prevention, etc.
(2) Demonstrate and popularize bio-pesticide to replace chemical pesticide, and reduce 20% of chemical pesticide usage and increase more than 15% of bio-pesticide to reduce the adverse effects of chemical pesticide to environment and human’s health.
(3) Improve farmer’s practical operation skills through training by instructor, field school for farmers, farmer dynamic training team, etc. training methods; make them master the skills of managing and controlling pests.
(4) Provide training for technician of technical popularization station and project office in county and district to improve their cognition to pests management plan (PMP).
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2 Project background
2.1 Project goal
This project shall focus on adverse impacts caused by changing dosage of agricultural
chemicals and methods of application, and relieve these adverse impacts by introducing higher
efficient bio-pesticide and green prevented and controlled technology to farmer. Meanwhile,
bring in and show more environmental pest integrated preventing and control technology,
popularize agricultural, physical and biological control methods to manage and control the pests,
thus, relieve the dependence to agricultural chemicals of agricultural production and reduce the
pollution to agricultural products and natural environment, realize sustainable development of
agriculture step by step.
2.2 Pest and disease damage situations of crops in project area
2.2.1 Main varieties of pests of crops in project area
It is obvious of stereo geographical environment and climate feature in Chongqing, which
provides favorable natural ambient conditions for epidemic of pests. After investigation and
survey to project area, so far, main pest species of crops are various; details can be referred to
Table 1.
Table 1 Common variety of pests in project area and common termiticides
Crops Common pests Common diseases Common termiticides
Rice Caterpillar, rice leaf folder, leafhopper and army worm
Rice blast and banded sclerotial blight
Monosultap, trizophos, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, Chlorantraniliprole, Chlorantraniliprole ·Thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, buprofezin, tricyclazole, bacillus subtilis and validamycin etc.
Wheat Soil pests, aphid, army warm and red spider
Strip rust, powdery mildew and head blight
Phoxim, chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid; triazolone, tebuconazole and propiconnazole etc.
Corns Soil pests, ostrinia nubilalis and aphid
Corn sheath blight, ear rot, pythium inflatum and bacterial wilt
Phoxim, chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, cyhalothrin and thiacloprid; propiconazole, tebucozazole and seed coating
Potato Soil pests, aphid and leaf beetle
Late blight, early blight, ring rot, black shank and virus disease
③ Creating the suitable environment for natural enemies and increasing the amount of natural
enemies.
(4) Chemical prevention method
The project prefers agricultural, physical (trap for instance), biological prevention measures
or biological pesticides (Bt for instance) which are featured with the equal prevention efficiency
equivalent of that in synthetic pesticides and mainly support biological prevention measures and
seed coating agent against pests. Effect left with the environment, humans and animals by
these measures are extremely low. In addition, the same pesticide will not be continuously or
repeatedly used for the same kind of plant, which is to prevent insecticide resistance. The
pesticides listed in Table 4 are all biological or biological source pesticides or the natural
home-bred enemies. They can be preferentially promoted for application in project areas.
The use of chemical pesticides should refer to the classification of virulence as indicated in
the latest the World Health Organization's Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard and Guidelines to Classification, as well as Principles on Reasonable Usage of
Pesticides (national standards). they will leave safety with humans and the target plant; if
correctly used according to the label of pesticide product and the instructions, they will leave
safety on the environment.
3.3.2 Building demonstration area for green control technology
Build rice and vegetable demonstration areas for green control technology respectively in
Nanchuan District and Tongnan County with respective area of 500 mu. The demonstration
areas integrate green integrated control technologies of attracting and killing pest with solar
insecticidal lamp, sex attractant and colored sticky trap, separation with insect proof net, control
with biological pesticide etc. Foundation of demonstration areas will drive farmers in other
project areas to apply green control technology for control over disease and pest, extend
physical control and biological pesticide technology to replace chemical pesticide, and help to
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reduce the use of chemical pesticide, which will further lessen the passive effects of chemical
pesticide on environment and health of people.
3.3.3 Training for farmer
Farmers are the main body to implement the project. Training for farming is essential to
management of disease and pest. Training will help farms and distributors to master IPM
knowledge and skills for crop protection, which will enhance their sense of ownership for
protecting environment and participating in IPM activities.
▲Types of training:
Training for farmers will be conducted through participatory training and flow-type training:
(1) Participatory training: Farmer field schools shall be established in project areas and
instructors for them shall be formed by personnel of township (town) level for extension of
agricultural technology and farmer technicians received special training and provided with rich
experience in crop disease and pest management. According to actual conditions of disease
and pest for crops of different growth stages as well as questions raised by farmers, instructors
will direct and train farmers to carry out effective identification and control over crop disease and
pest, which will enhance technical knowledge of farmers and improve their abilities of
organization, exchange and management.
(2) Flow-type training: Project team shall regularly or irregular organize expert teams from
agricultural scientific research institutes, institutions of higher education and organizations for
agricultural management and extension to form a flow-type training teams, which will carry out
training activities for local extension personnel of agricultural technology, farmer technicians,
farmers and pesticide distributors from farmer field schools or townships (town) and villages.
The training teams will impart latest philosophy for IPM, latest technology for green control over
disease and pest, safety use technology of pesticide and relevant policies and regulations for
operating and selling of pesticide.
▲Content of training:
Content of training includes morphological characteristics and identification of disease and
pest, damage feature and loss of different diseases and pests, occurrence rules of major
disease and pest, identification for insect enemies, field sampling for disease and pest,
estimation method for occurrence density and control measures on disease and pest, including
agricultural, physical, biological and chemical methods, selection, safety use and safety storage
of pesticide apparatus, and disposal of agricultural chemicals and their packing wastes.
4. Arrangement for PMP implementation
4.1 Arrangement and cooperation of executive organization
Allocation of special organization and personnel and cooperation with administrative
departments of all levels for disease and pest will help strengthen management ability of crop
protection and control use of chemical pesticide. The project will be carried out in the following
methods:
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(1) Project Management Office will assign special personnel to carry out detailed supervision
on implementation process of management plan on disease and pest;
(2) Formulate monitoring plan and assessment measure for disease and pest and carry out
monitoring and assessment on management technology for disease and pest applied in the
project;
(3) Project Management Office will cooperate with national and municipal departments for
crop disease and pest control as well as research institutes for disease and pest, update and
enrich control knowledge on crop disease and pest control, and improve integrated
management ability for disease and pest;
(4) Crop protection experts of different levels shall enhance the technical training for
extension personnel of agricultural technology and farmers from counties and townships in
project areas;
(5) Strengthen exchange on control technology and experience among counties and
townships to realize the sharing of results.
4.2 Ability build-up
4.2.1 Objective of building
Through implementation of the project, awareness of basic-level crop protection technicians and
farmers on performing management policies for disease and pest will be enhanced, which can be
seen as follows:
① Routine usage rate of chemical pesticide in project area will be reduced;
② Virulent pesticide (pesticide of class WTO I) is forbidden in project area and biological
pesticide with low toxicity should be used instead;
③ Implement provisions of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
(or equivalent laws and regulations in China) on limitation, distribution and application of
pesticide;
④ During project implementation, crop protection personnel is familiar with and master IMP
method and farmers get to know about IMP method.
⑤ Communication of municipal, district and county, township and village on crop protection is
strengthened, which promotes the implementation of management plan on disease and pest.
4.2.2 Training and development of human resource
(1) Carry out training for crop protection personnel and extension personnel of agricultural
technology from counties (districts) and townships (towns) to ensure effective implementation
and monitoring on regulations of pesticide operation, management and selling;
(2) Crop protection personnel and extension personnel of agricultural technology from
counties (districts) and townships (towns)carry out training for farmers management methods
for disease and pest by making use of field schools;
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(3)According to ecological characteristics of project area and actual conditions of disease and
pest for major crops, promptly formulate corresponding training materials and provide
necessary audio-video equipment.
4.3 Monitoring and assessment
4.3.1 Monitoring index and examination content
(1)Monitoring index
Integrated pest control area: In accordance with the statistical data from the project team,
integrated pest control area shall be no less than 3,808 hectares;
Quantity of the farmers participating in the training of integrated pest control: On the basis of the
farmer training list in the project area, farmers participating in the training of integrated pest control
shall be no less than 4,800;
Quantity of the purchased equipment and these with the application of physical control: The solar
insecticidal lamps installed in the project area shall be no less than 810 sets;
Purchased area and that uses with biological control measures: No less than 2,000 hectares;
Variation of the pesticide dose: With the survey on the typical farmers, times of pesticide
application for per crop / hectare/ planting season decrease by two to three times; usage proportion
of chemical pesticide increases by above 15%; usage of chemical pesticides decreases by above
20%.
Variation of the pesticide residue: Variation of the pesticide residue in the project area is subject to
the data from the environment quality monitoring report. Pesticide residue in the agricultural products
is decreased with 3%.
(2) Examination content
Application condition of class I pesticide: Examine points of sale for pesticide and pesticide
cabinets in farmer households to see whether there is any class I pesticide sold or used in
project area;
Policy: Degree of pesticide subsidy provided by governments and implementation conditions
of policies and regulations on use of pesticide and promotion of integrated pest management;
Monitoring condition: Evaluation of World Bank’s inspection team on local monitoring plan,
problems raising during PMP implementation process and examination conditions of all levels.
4.3.2 Monitoring and assessment
Project management offices of all levels shall guarantee that regular monitoring activities can
be conducted normally. Project management offices of all levels and departments for extension
of agricultural technology shall at any time carry out monitoring and examination on
implementation conditions of management plan on disease and pest in peak period of disease
and pest occurrence and shall coordinate with inspection team of Work Bank to carry out
supervision and inspection on the project. The inspection team shall consist of experienced
experts for disease and pest control. Supervision and inspection can be conducted one to two
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times per year. Generally, supervision and inspection should be carried out in peak period of
disease and pest occurrence.
●Monitoring on disease and pest management: It shall be conducted by project management
offices of all levels and crop protection and quarantine stations. If there is any pest, prompt
report and disposal shall be conducted;
●Examination plan: Usually, examination will be conducted by project management offices of
all levels. When peak period for disease and pest occurrence comes, examination and control
shall be conducted by crop protection and quarantine stations;
●Responsibilities: Crop protection and quarantine stations of all levels shall be responsible for
PMP direction, examination, monitoring and training and shall bear obligations and
responsibilities for prompt reporting pest conditions and implementation of PMP together with
project implementation personnel;
●Required professional technology: Crop protection and quarantine stations of all levels shall
provide crop protection experts and PMP methods.
●Budget: It is included in routine management carried out by project management offices of
all levels. Required expenditures shall be listed into expenditure budget of the offices.
4.3.3 Arrangement for progress report of PMP plan
●The undertaking unit of the project is amenable to timely submit the progress report of the
project every year. Interim execution report shall be submitted during the interim execution
period of the project. With the completion of the project, execution report of the project shall be
submitted.
●Annual report and interim report of the project contains implementation years of the project,
use of project capital, project progress, implementation effect of the project, differences
between implementation effect and expected effect, problems existing in the execution of the
project, solutions, etc.
●Report submitted with the completion of the project includes implementation years of the
project, use of project capital, project progress, implementation effect and evaluation of the
project, differences between implementation effect and expected effect, problems existing in the
execution of the project, solutions, etc. Evaluation on the project’s implementation effect refers
to the application of the standardized extension techniques in the project, increase of farmers’
income, improvement level of the living standard with the use of new technology, quality of the
agricultural products reaching the standard, effects on ecological environment, sustainability of
the project, project organization and management. Analysis of the overall result concerning the
project implementation shall be done on the basis of the evaluation on completed project’s
effects.
5. Working plan and expense arrangement
Five aspects of work regarding investigation of basic data, farmer training, technical
equipment aid, extension of green prevention and control demonstration as well as monitoring
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and evaluation are intended to be carried out to achieve the given goal of the PMP plan, content
of the activity and the expected output.
5.1 Investigation of basic data
Investigation of the basic data shall provide data resources for preparing the project proposal,
designing the working plan of the project and choosing the specific implementation site. It plays
a significant role in evaluating the effects of the management project with respect to insect pest,
as well as understanding and establishing the background information prior to the
implementation. At the same time, it can provide working plan which the project administrator
and the capital provider can supervise the implementation quality, and adjust and improve the
project with the basis.
Investigation of basic data is applicable to adopt the method of participatory demand the
chance evaluation, with being done prior to the implementation of the project and during the
execution period. Network with multi-force participating in the basic investigation shall be
established for the sustainability of the project. The basic investigation shall be combined with
the farmer training. The expense is included in the expense of relevant training activities.
Management team of the project shall coordinately manage the activity of basic investigation.
5.2 Technical training for the farmer
Farmer training is the key constitution of the PMP insect pest integrated management plan.
By means of the IPM training, it aims at assisting the farmers from the 6 counties of the project
with building the principles and method of applying IMP technology and concept with
sustainability, improving the IPM knowledge of the trained farmers and techniques for protecting
the crops, strengthening the sense of ownership to protecting the environment and participating
in the IPM activity, achieving the goal of using the pesticide to control the insect pest both with
safety and economy, as well as realizing the target of sustainable development in production,
diversity of the ecosystem and the improvement of the living standard. Three aspects (Table 4)
are contained in the farmer training. One is training of the tutor. A team of tutors to train the
farmers shall be established. Another is farmer training in the field school. It shall provide the
farmers with the tools to identify and analyze the problems occurring during their production, as
well as developing the self-initiative and enhancing the farmers’ quality. The third one is
circulating training team of the farmer.
5.2.1 Training of the tutor (TOT)
A tutor team with excellent capability and the ability to develop the farmer training shall be first
of all trained, if a qualified farmer field school is to be established. Meanwhile, a technical
support team with experts in relation to prevention and control of insect pest, land fertilizer,
gardening crop, fruit growing, and husbandry is required to be organized. According to the
features of these crops, time for the training course is recommended to be arranged at the key
period of the production – two months in which the flower bloom and harvest of the fruits is
continued. Training for the tutors shall be regularly done once in concentration each year. 24
persons shall be yearly trained, with 120 persons totally trained in 5 years.
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5.2.2 Farmer Field School (FFS)
As an important tool to help the farmer understand and apply IPM principle, Farmer Field
School is a new way of farmer education and technology promotion. To be started in 2013, each
program county will hold Field School twice (Six Program Counties, 12 times in total) each year.
Each time 80 farmers will be trained. During the implementation of the program, about 4800
farmers will be trained in total.
5.2.3 Mobile training team for farmers
Compared to the implementing area of this project, the numbers of Farmers Field School
which can be opened is much less. Because the tutor of Farmers Field School graduated from
TOT can only organize and run the Farmers Field School in the place where they worked. In
addition, eligible counselors of Farmers Field School are also much less than that of farmers
with large numbers. The farmers who won’t attend the Farmers Field School also face many
pressing problems to be solved. To solve the extremely urgent problems of most remaining
farmers, it is necessary to establish mobile training expert panels. The mobile training team for
farmers is planned to train 903 farmers.
Table 6 Program Training Plan
Category
Content Target group Form
Times Farmers
Total costs (ten thousand Yuan)
Enforcement authority
(TOT)
Training of Tutor (ToT)
New concept of IPM Pest Management of program New technology for crop pest prevention Techniques for safe application of pesticide and relevant policies and regulations of pesticide sales.
Agricultural technology personnel and special staff for crop protection in city, county (district) and village (town)
Mobile training
Regular central training twice for each county each year
1204800 farmers
9.6
Office of project management
(FFS)
Farmers Field School
Identification of main pest
Prevention and control measures;
Techniques for safe application of pesticide and disposal of waste pesticide and packages
Peasant technicians, farmers and pesticide distributors in program district (town)
Participative training
Regular
central training 4 times for each county each year
4800 farmers
48.0
Office of project management
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Mobile training team for farmers
New concept of IPM
Pest Management of program
New technology for crop pest prevention
Techniques for safe application of pesticide
Occurrence pattern of pest
Agricultural technology personnel, special staff for crop protection and peasant technicians in city, county (district) and village (town)
Teaching training
Regular
central training twice for each county each year
903
farmers
9.03
Office of project management
5.3 Control equipment
The economic development in the project district is in the level below the medium level. The
protective level of pest is relatively low. The main reason is that the technical equipment cannot
meet the needs of pest management. The lack of equipment for crop protection takes the
prominence. The implementation of this program is proposed to support the farmers in the
program area by purchasing a lot of appliance for crop protection and green protection and
control facilities, mainly include 3WF-600J electrostatic sprayer, WS-18D knapsack electric
sprayer, two-light solar intelligent-grid pest killing lamp, insect-attracting board and fly net. The
purchasing of technical equipment in the program area is referred to Table 7.
Table 7 Purchasing Table for Technical Equipment in the Program Area
No
.
Progra
m
count
y
Appliance for crop protection Green protection and control facilities