Management (IPM) concepts and grower training needs in Hawaii’s tropical fruit industry Is IPM a sustainable approach to managing pests? [Sustainable: “method of using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged”] Pest Control – often creates its own problems – can lead to permanent “damage”.
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concepts and grower training needs in Hawaii’s tropical fruit industry Is IPM a sustainable approach to managing pests?
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concepts and grower training needs in Hawaii’s
tropical fruit industry
Is IPM a sustainable approach to managing pests?[Sustainable: “method of using a resource so that the resource
is not depleted or permanently damaged”]
Pest Control – often creates its own problems – can lead to permanent “damage”.
Pest Management vs. Pest Control
• Pest management aims to maintain insect populations below a threshold;
• Emphasis is not on eradication.
The UH IPM Verification Program
IPM Implementation on 75% of Hawaii's Crop Acres by the Year 2001. Our highest priority is implementation to meet President Clinton’s goal for IPM implementation on 75% of the nations crop acres.
http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/IPM/
Verification is based on points allocated for:
• Development and implementation of IPM procedures;
• Monitoring, application of various options, justification for each action.
• Farmer provides documentation for annual audit.
Insects – prevalent features of our environment
• Number of species;
• Interactions in
ecosystems and
with us;
• Our major competitors.
Understanding insect numbers
• May be explosive outbreaks
• Seasonal changes in numbers;
• What are the causes of changes in abundance?
• Insect ecology examines dynamics of insect numbers temporally and spatially;
• Phenology and diversity are also important;
• Interactions with plants and other insects.
• Ecology aims to explain how environment (biotic and physical) affects abundance, phenology and diversity of insects;
• Therefore ecology forms the basis for pest management.
• Understand both ecology and economy to implement IPM
Some history: Dealing with pests
• Pre-insecticide era: 2500 B.C.: Sulfur, herbs and oils used to protect seeds and stored grain.
• 300 B.C.: Plant phenology recognized as a means of avoiding pests; Chinese started using natural enemies of insects.
• By 1101, Chinese used soaps to control pests;
• Late 1600’s: tobacco infusions , arsenic used.
• 1700’s: Importance of temperature summation in determining insect phenology discovered!
Plant resistance used in the USA;
Botanical insecticides rediscovered.
• 1800’s: inspection and quarantine became important;
• 1920 - 1930’s: Depended on crop sanitation, timing of planting, minor use of insecticides.