10 th Annual SECA Workshop Pittsburgh, PA July 14-16, 2009 Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Performance and Cost Assessment Performance and Cost Assessment Presented by Phil DiPietro, Division Director Situational Analysis and Benefits Division Situational Analysis and Benefits Division Office of Systems Analyses and Planning, NETL
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Performance and Cost AssessmentPerformance and Cost Assessment
Presented by Phil DiPietro, Division Director
Situational Analysis and Benefits DivisionSituational Analysis and Benefits Division
Office of Systems Analyses and Planning, NETL
• Co-analystsK i ti G d– Kristin Gerdes
– Dale KeairnsDick Newby– Dick Newby
– And help and advice from Eric Grol and Jan Thijssen
2
Summary Points
• Paradigm change: Fuel cells offer higher efficiency and lower capital
• Percent CO2 capture matters: At $50/mtCO2, 100% CO2 capture saves 0.5 cents/kWh compared to 90%
3
Objective: evaluate a power plant based on fuel cell conversion of syngas as an investment optiony g p
• Scope: central station, baseload duty cycle• Assess atmospheric and pressurized fuel cell stacks• Assume DOE goals for cost and performance of the fuel
cell block• Use unit operation cost data from IGCC studiesUse unit operation cost data from IGCC studies• Include cost of CO2 storage, emissions• Quantify water use/consumptiony p
4
Configurations of Advanced Coal-Based Power PlantsIntegrated Gasification Fuel CellIntegrated Gasification
* Nernst calculated based on SOFC exit conditions that includes operating pressure and gas composition
Fuel Cell Cost Assumptions
• 700 $/kW AC output from the stack ($2007)I t ll d t– Installed cost
– Consistent with DOE cost targetIncludes associated heat exchangers blowers– Includes associated heat exchangers, blowers, controls and DC-to-AC rectifier
• Replacement cost assumed to be $100/kW AC output from the stack ($2007)
9
Catalytic Gasifier
• Good match with the fuel cellC l O– Consumes less O2
• ~ 0.25 kg O2 per kg coal versus ~ 0.7 for slurry fed
– Makes methaneMakes methane• 17 vol% in syngas versus ~ 0 vol% for slurry
– Uses steam
• Large area of technology risk is in catalyst recovery/regenerationy g– We use Exxon assumption of 2/3 recovery – Adds estimated 0.20 cents/kWh O&M cost
10
Oxy-combustion of Anode Off-gas
• Utilizes remaining fuel value and raises steam qualityquality
• Eliminates water gas shiftEliminates water gas shift
• Avoids “touching” CO2, enables near 100% capture
• Un-reacted oxygen in effluent is an area for future t dstudy
11
Design for High SOFC Capacity Drives System EfficiencyDrives System Efficiency
2.5
1.5
2
hr
Gas Turbine or Expanders
1
W/lb
coa
l/h Steam Turbine
SOFC
0
0.5kW Auxiliary
IGCC IGFC with atm SOFC
IGFC with press SOFC
-0.5
12
atm SOFC press. SOFC
Cost Assessment of IGFC
• Cost Approach– Fuel cell system installed
$2,500
et
IGCC with CCSFuel cell system installed
cost of $700/kW AC output from stack (2007 dollars)
– Other major unit costs $1,500
$2,000
Cos
t, $/
kW n
e IGFC (atm) with CCSIGFC (press) with CCS
$12scaled from range of studies– O&M costs and financial
parameters consistent with NETL Bituminous Baseline
$500
$1,000
Tota
l Pla
nt
$8
$10
$12
net
IGFC (atm) with CCSIGFC (press)
IGCC with CCS
NETL Bituminous Baseline Report (August 2007)
• High efficiency of IGFC and
$0
$4
$6
LCO
E, $
/kW
h
IGFC (press) with CCS
• High efficiency of IGFC and ease of CO2 capture drives down capital costs and LCOE relative to today’s IGCC t h l
Fuel Cost, cents/kWh 1.9 1.2 1.1 • System Efficiency (-)
CO2 Transport and 0 35 0 25 0 20 • System Efficiency (-)Storage Cost, cents/kWh 0.35 0.25 0.20 • Percent CO2 captured (+)
LCOE (20-yr), cents/kWh 10.2 8.8 7.9
15
No
CCS
tical
CCC
SNo
CS
Subc
rit PC
N CCCC
So CS
IGCC
m)
No CCCC
SS
IGFC
(atm
s)
Gasifier WGSFGD
No
CCS
CCS
IGFC
(pre
s s FGDBFWCool Tower
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400Raw Water Withdrawal
(gal/MWh net)
16
Effect of net CO2 emissions on LCOE
Coal Use Net CO2 Variable Cost Variable Cost
of CO2Platform Coal Use,
Btu/kWh Emissions, kgCO2/MWh
for Fuel, cents/kWh
Emissions @ $50/mtCO2, cents/kWh
IGCC 10,500 90 1.9 0.5
IGFC (Atm) 6,910 6 1.2 0.03
IGFC (Press) 6,070 6 1.1 0.03
PC (no capture) 9,280 860 1.6 4.3
PC (90% capture) 13,720 130 2.3 0.7
17
LCOE in a Carbon IGCC CCS IGCC no CCSIGFC (atm) CCS IGFC (atm) no CCS
Constrained Scenario
16
IGFC (atm) CCS IGFC (atm) no CCSIGFC (press) CCS IGFC (press) no CCS
IGCC, CO2 capture becomes economically preferable to no capture at
12
14
ts/k
Wh)
preferable to no capture at $30/mt CO2
Fuel cells reduce the cross 8
10
LCO
E (c
ent
over to $20/mt CO2
6
8
20-y
r
40 20 40 60 80 100
Cost for Emitted CO2, $/mt
18
2, $
Conclusions
• IGFC platforms, based on a fuel stack that meets the program goals offers both a step change inprogram goals, offers both a step change in efficiency and reduced capital cost per kW and higher percent CO2 capture and reduced water use
19
Advanced IGFC with Atmospheric SOFC and DGCNominal 50% Efficient System
air
HeatRecovery
stackgas
coal
Coal Catalyst
AshCatalyst
Separation
ash & carbon lossBlower
Dry Gas Cleaning
Particulateand Low-temp
CoolingAnode
Cathode
SOFCExpander
Oxy-Combustor
oxygen
CO2HRSG
g
Selexoland
CatalyticGasifier
HeatRecovery
steam
Treatment Separation
ash & catalyst
MercuryRemoval
Scrubbing Cooling
HeatRecovery
anodeoff-gas
Polishingoxygen
ASU
G Recovery
N2
oxy-comb O2
steam
Removal
anoderecycle gas
eductor
syngassteam addition
Recovery
air
gas
• Catalytic gasifier
O b t• Oxy-combustor
• Recycle gas eductor
20
coal
High Performance IGFC SystemNominal 60% Efficient System
Coal Catalyst
Treatment
AshCatalyst
Separation
ash & carbon loss airHeat
RecoverystackgasHRSG
Expander
CatalyticGasifier
HeatRecovery
Humid Gas Cleaning
steamAnode
Cathode
SOFC
Expander
Oxy-Comb
oxygen
CO2HRSG
expanderParticle& HCl
removal
SulfurRemoval
and
Hg & Trace
removal
oxygen
ASUN2
oxy-comb O2
steam anoderecycle
gas
polishing
eductor
air
eductorgas
• Catalytic gasifier
• Humid gas cleaning
• Pressurized SOFC
• Oxy-combustor
• Recycle gas eductor
21
y g
Atm SOFC - no CCS Atm SOFC - with CCS
10
10.5
Pres SOFC - no CCS Pres SOFC - with CCSReported Results