Integrated Catchments Management: Technological issues - Modelling 18 de Outubro de 2012.

Integrated Catchments Management: Technological issues -

Modelling

18 de Outubro de 2012

Water fluxes and Activities in a catchment

People usually assess water per

compartment

Land is often another issue.

Soil Threats

http://www.soil-net.com/dev/page.cfm?pageid=about&loginas=anon_about

http://www.georgesriver.org.au/What-is-a-catchment.html

Over the last 200 years Australians have been busy building cities […] as a result the health of the River itself has declined.Visit our Impacts and Problems pages for more information and tips on how you can help to improve the health of the Georges River Catchment.

Reservoirs tend to retain material and often generate the first water quality warning.

What is wrong with our [Australian]

catchments now?

Estuary Threats

http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/Environment/Natural-resources/coast/Coastal-ecosystems/Estuaries/Threats-to-estuaries/

Threats in a catchment

• Water resources conservation o Quantity: o Quality: eutrophication

• Soil conservationo Erosion,o Organic matter losso Salinisationo Landslideso Soil sealingo …..

• Desertification is the loss of one or more soil properties, originating lower productivity.

Water is linking all catchment activities

Integrated modelling of soil and water processes is required

Types of models• Many….• They can be specific of a water compartment:

o Meteorologists develop models for evapotranspiration,o Hydrogeologists develop models for groundwatero Agronomists put emphasis on the vadose zone modelso Hydrologists tend to concentrate on surface fresh water (some on reservoirs)o Oceanographers tend to study estuary and coastal waters

• They can address a specific scale:o Local, catchment or globalo Daily time step, event oriented.

• They can be process orientedo Salinisationo Erosiono Fertilization

Dia mundial da água, Cascais, 2007

2D Overland flow

2/3. /hAR H xQ

n

PrecipitationVariable in Time

& Space

3D Porous Media

( )i i

h zK h

t x x

1D Drainage network

2 2 2

2 4/30

h

Q Q H Q ngA

t x A x A R

Integrated Basin Modelling

Integrated Basin Modeling

Rain Intensity

Flow Production

• 2 Different Soils

• Infiltration

• Overland Flow

Dia mundial da água, Cascais, 2007

Integrated Basin Modeling

Rain Intensity

Sediment Transport

• 2 Catchments

• 1 Reservoir

14© 2008 Action Modulers. All rights reserved.

MOHID Land - Exemplos

Cheia no Vale do Tejo

Transport 1D

Overland 2D

15© 2008 Action Modulers. All rights reserved.

MOHID Land – Exemplos

Estudo de CenáriosDescarga de Propriedades

Global Models

• http://www.hwm.wur.nl/UK/Staff/Gerald+Corzo+Perez/

• http://hype.sourceforge.net/

Simple comprehensive Catchment models (e.g.

SWAT)

Diffuse Nitrogen Load

Soil Texture

Precipitation

Land Use

Nutrient Budgets

18

Water Pathways (Hydrology)

Precipitação

RunoffUnsaturated

Flow

Saturated Flow

ETa

Objective of the Modelling

Lectures

• Describe the main processes and how they are being handled in each type of model.

• Provide to the student a clear idea of how to use models o clarify problems and optimize solutions, converting DPSIR into Numbers

Driver,Pressure,State,Impact,Response.