Integrated Breeding in Dryland Cereals @ ICRISAT Stefania Grando on behalf of the Research Program 4th International Workshop on Next Generation Genomics and Integrated Breeding for Crop Improvement February 19– 21, 2013 ICRISAT Headquarters, Patancheru, India
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Integrated Breeding in Dryland Cereals @ ICRISATStefania Grando on behalf of the Research Program
4th International Workshop on Next Generation Genomics and Integrated Breeding for Crop Improvement
February 19– 21, 2013
ICRISAT Headquarters, Patancheru, India
• Essential staple for poor smallholder farmers in some of the most marginal areas of the world
• Lack of choices of crops• Food and nutritional security• Multiple uses • Poor market opportunities• Several production constraints
Dryland Cereals Increasing productivity to help end hunger
Focus countries
SA WCA ESA
Millet India (11.3 m ha) Niger (6.9)Nigeria (4.1)Mali (1.5)Burkina Faso (1.4)Senegal (1.0)
Sudan (2.2)Uganda (0.5)
Sorghum India (7.7) Nigeria (5.7)Burkina Faso (1.8)Mali (1.1)
Sorghum Association Panel 410Mapping populations 3800Sweet sorghum lines 109B‐ and R‐ lines 350Photoperiod sensitive material 140Mali sorghum lines 240Other germplasm 3000Total Accessions 7173
• Global Diversity of Sorghum: genetic diversity in relation to racial and geographic origin ‐~265,000 SNPs by utilizing GBS approach (Morris et al. PNAS, 2013)
• Genome Wide Association Studies for several target traits such stem borer and pre‐flag leaf plant height
Germplasm Characterization and GWAS by using GBS
Association Mapping by GWAS ‐Grain Fe and Zn
• Association mapping – 364 samples– 556,973 SNPs
• 45 SNPs associated with grain Fe identified
• 36 genes related to Fe and Zn concentration identified based on gene search
• Genetic maps with low marker densitiesCross Marker loci ReferenceLDG‐1‐B‐10 × ICMP 85410 181 Liu et al, 1994Consensus map 418 Qi et al, 2004ICMB 841‐P3 × 863B‐P2 87 Senthilvel et al, 2008ICMB 841‐P3 × 863B‐P2 196 Pedraza‐Garcia et al, 2010 H 77/833‐2 × PRLT 2/89‐33 321 Supriya et al, 2011Consensus 174 Rajaram et al, 2013
BAC library ‐ John Innes CenterTranscriptomic resourcesLarge genome size
International Pearl Millet Genome Sequencing Consortium
India
Next………..• 500‐600 lines re‐sequenced (landraces, varieties, and parental lines of hybrids from Asia and Africa)
• Completion of genetic maps• Develop Final Assembly• Use BAC sequence and genetic maps
• Downstream analysis• GWAS and heterotic group analysis
• Two mapping populations (LGD‐1‐B‐10 ×ICMB 85410‐P7, and IP 18293‐P152 × Tift 238D1‐P158) under development for identification of QTLs responsible for off‐flavor in pearl millet flour
• Populations segregate for two key enzymes (POD, PPO) responsible for rancidity and off‐flavor
Towards mapping QTLs for flour rancidity
GPU 28
• Limited genomic resources
• Several initiatives underway
‒ Molecular marker repository‐new generation sequencing technologies (NGS); ICRISAT & AICSMIP, University of Georgia (UGA)
‒ Transcriptomic and sequencing resources
Finger millet genomics resources
• Genetic map construction ‐cultivated tetraploid finger millet using NGS
• Collaborating with UGA for generating information on A‐genome [Eleusine indica (2n = 18)]
• Sequencing at 5x – 8x coverage
• Transcriptomic resources
• Sequencing data sets
Next………..
Phenotyping for drought adaptation –Lysimetric facility at ICRISAT
A system intended to assess time pattern of water use