Intangible Cultural Heritage Reproduction and Revitalization: Value Feedback, Practice, and Exploration Based on the IPAModel

CIN8411999 1..13Lingling Xiao 1,2
1College of History and Society, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, Chongqing, China 2School of Marxism, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, Chongqing, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Lingling Xiao; [email protected]
Received 6 July 2022; Accepted 22 July 2022; Published 9 August 2022
Academic Editor: Baiyuan Ding
Copyright © 2022 Lingling Xiao. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Intangible cultural heritage has a unique value. It is very important to evaluate and discover the value of intangible cultural heritage. erefore, referring to the relevant references of countries around the world, this paper compares the research status of countries around the world with the development trend of China’s intangible cultural heritage, indicating that the network resources of intangible cultural heritage can be converted into cultural capital according to the basic theory of cultural capital and then get an economic value.e use value of intangible cultural heritage is analyzed and considered according to IPA entity model analysis, kernel density estimation (KDE), and gray correlation calculation (calculated by using IPA analysis conclusion). Among them, because intangible cultural heritage cannot be measured and veried immediately, indirect measurement verication is carried out by selecting indirect indicators such as the total number of intangible cultural heritage and the development trend of intangible cultural heritage tourism. Based on the gray correlation analysis of the total number and relative density of national intangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage tourism and related industrial chains, the following proposals for the development trend of intangible cultural heritage are clearly put forward as follows: (1) Further excavate the meaning of “non- material property tourism” and increase the scope of development and design of cultural and art tourism network resources. (2) Make full use of the guiding eect of government departments on “intangible cultural heritage tourism,” and improve the normalization of the combination of culture, art, and tourism. (3) Expand the whole industrial chain of “intangible cultural heritage tourism” in an orderly manner, and promote the concept of coordinated and sustainable development of cultural and art tourism.
1. Introduction
People’s intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as intangible cultural heritage) is a unique way of key his- torical and cultural heritage in the world. It has a particularly key and uniquemeaning of world history, culture, art, plastic arts, and cultural aesthetics. It is also a precious cultural and artistic capital of global human society. It is the continuation of the spiritual essence of “being” in the history of global human development and the deep imprint of the nation. It is the representative of the national ag and national identity. It is also a symbol of national ag and national identity. Unlike intangible cultural heritage, its detailed existence depends on the initial media created by people and is passed
down from generation to generation according to oral tradition.erefore, scientic research on intangible cultural heritage has key practical signicance for both the country and the nation [1].
e development and design of intangible cultural heritage is in line with the provisions of the period, the provisions of independent innovation in the transfor- mation and development of intangible cultural heritage and tourism, and the feasibility analysis of exploring “poetry” and “distance” in the collaborative development trend of culture and tourism [2]. Various key intangible spiritual essence historical and cultural heritages are the specic content of rich and excellent corporate culture accumulated and inherited by the Chinese nation in the
Hindawi Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 2022, Article ID 8411999, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8411999
long-term material production and social life and are the key components of the 5000 year Chinese civilization. Systematic scientific research is carried out according to the style of taking the vast and thick intangible cultural heritage as the theme, integrating a variety of folk culture “intangible property” into the development of tourism resources, and taking this as a breakthrough, collabo- ration is carried out in the fields of current policies, network resources, sales market, and industrial chain innovation to assist in the maintenance and utilization of intangible cultural heritage, so that we can not only spread, inherit, and sustain Chinese traditional culture, At the same time, it also creates new industrial chains, new development trends, and new driving forces for tourism, and promotes the further coexistence of in- tangible cultural heritage and tourism. In the new era of “cultural tourism integration,” the cultural tourism in- dustry chain is developing from a new perspective. In the new era of “integration of culture and tourism,” taking “intangible cultural heritage” and “tourism industry” as relevant research objects, this paper deeply ponders the coordination between the inheritance of “intangible cultural heritage” and the independent innovation of holiday tourism. In the new era of “cultural tourism integration,” we take “intangible cultural heritage” and “the tourism industry” as relevant research objects. Considering the inheritance of “intangible cultural heritage” and the shared development of independent innovation of vacation tourism, we are concerned about the traditional cultural extension of “intangible cultural heritage,” the collaborative requirements of independent innovation of vacation tourism, and everyone’s spiritual needs. 'e optimization, allocation, and reconstruction of cultural tourism network resources are completed according to the complementary methods of continu- ously infiltrating and expanding the maintenance and utilization of intangible cultural heritage and the reform and innovation of the tourism industry. In accordance with the complementary methods of continuously infil- trating and expanding the maintenance and utilization of intangible cultural heritage and the reform and inno- vation of the tourism industry, we will improve the al- location and reconstruction of cultural tourism network resources, and basically build a new comprehensive management system with the dual role of promoting intangible cultural heritage and the development trend of tourism development. It is an urgent daily task to explore the independent innovation and integration of “intan- gible cultural heritage vacation tourism,” reproduce cultural tourism, innovate independently in a modern environment, show the traditional culture to the public, and explore effective ways for the coupling and shared development of intangible cultural heritage and tourism development. 'is is also an urgent daily task [3].
'erefore, this paper discusses the value of intangible cultural heritage through certain research methods to assess the value and index measurement of intangible cultural
heritage, which is measured and reflected through the economic value of the tourism industry.
2. Research Background
Foreign scholars and experts have explored the two-way relationship between intangible cultural heritage and the tourism industry through different perspectives of positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, researchers analyze and explore through the correlation between the two and their positive influence on each other. In terms of intangible cultural heritage and tourism industry correla- tion, Nasser explored urban cultural heritage preservation and sustainable tourism development from the perspective of effective correlation and mutual promotion between intangible cultural heritage and the tourism industry [4]. Loulanski et al. argued that intangible cultural heritage and the tourism industry are mutually reinforcing relationships and that the orderly integration of intangible cultural heritage and the tourism industry have sustainable viability [5]. Timothy argued that the mutually supportive devel- opment of the cultural heritage sector and the tourism industry are an emerging trend in the integration of contemporary cultural economy [6]. 'rosby explores the path of sustainable economic and cultural development by constructing the “golden rule” for the codirectional de- velopment of intangible cultural heritage and the tourism industry with relationship building as the main research point [7]. Nega pointed out that management and value evaluation in cultural tourism and intangible cultural heritage are correlated, and they not only support each other but also enhance each other’s value, and they ana- lyzed and studied the case of the Lalibela Ashenda Festival in Ethiopia [8].
In domestic theoretical research, scholars and experts have evaluated the relationship between intangible cultural heritage preservation and the tourism industry in both positive and negative directions. In terms of positive effects, Lin argued that in the current context of experience economy, tourism experience of intangible cultural heritage as an in- teractive model is an effective path for intangible cultural heritage preservation and leisure tourism development [9]. Wang proposed the concept of “authentic tourism” and believed that the positive interaction between intangible cultural heritage and tourism could help to maximize the satisfaction of the demand and experience value of public tourism [10]. According to Wang, intangible cultural heritage and tourism have a natural relationship, and both intangible cultural heritage and tourism activities are essentially cultural in nature, with tourists pursuing cultural goals and intangible cultural heritage itself being the carrier of culture. 'e in- tangible cultural heritage, which is constantly evolving, has its own characteristics, and its new content is the driving force behind the continued vitality of tourism products and businesses. While enriching the content of tourism, it is also an important path to promote the protection and trans- mission of intangible cultural heritage [11].
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3. Research Methodology and Materials
3.1. Main %eories
3.1.1. Intangible Cultural Heritage. 'e cultural heritage defined by China and the world can generally be divided into two categories: “tangible” and “intangible” cultural heritage. In the hearts of the vast majority of people, “tangible cultural heritage” is “the chemical species of cultural heritage,” such as precious cultural relics, pottery, and relics [12]. “Intan- gible cultural heritage” means that there is no entity but not limited to performance, cultural knowledge, and profes- sional ability. According to the form of information, they are divided into “tangible” and “intangible” cultural heritage categories [13]. Tangible cultural heritage refers to movable property mortgage, real estate, and key precious cultural relics in the historical period. Intangible cultural heritage refers to some traditional main forms of material civilization theme activities and forms that exist in a designated in- tangible form and are in direct contact with everyone’s daily life at that time.
'e definition of “intangible cultural heritage” (intan- gible ICH) was introduced into Japan by the last “law on the protection of cultural and artistic assets” implemented worldwide in Japan. Some cultural heritage with no physical shape is called “intangible ICH,” which is a kind of cultural heritage. In October, 2003, the concept of “intangible cul- tural heritage” was gradually accepted and recognized by people all over the world [14]. At the same time, in order to better understand, the regulations on safeguarding intan- gible cultural heritage based on UNESCO documents have been implemented. 'e list of national intangible oral cultural heritage is divided into the following five categories: firstly, oral short stories; secondly, English composition model forms; thirdly, art performance, social development customs, and plastic arts; Fourthly, traditional handicrafts; Fifthly, the understanding and practice of nature. However, due to the different domestic situations, the National In- tangible Cultural Heritage Federation has clearly put for- ward many new opinions on the classification of intangible cultural heritage.
'e evolution of intangible cultural heritage mainte- nance [15] is shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 2 below, Chinese scholars have two symbolic views on the definition of “intangible cultural heritage:” one thinks that “intangible cultural heritage” includes various traditional Chinese cultural methods, such as folk-themed activities, traditional performing arts, and cultural indoor space; the other thinks that “intangible cultural heritage” includes various traditional Chinese cul- tural methods, such as folk-themed activities, traditional performing arts, and cultural interior space. Second, “in- tangible cultural heritage” is a kind of cultural heritage that is spread from generation to generation according to oral and spiritual essence. According to the concept of the national standards of the United Nations Organization for culture, education, science, rationality, and culture and art institu- tions, and the norms of the opinions and suggestions on strengthening the maintenance of China’s intangible
cultural heritage announced and implemented by the former Ministry of culture in 2005, this scholar clearly puts forward the main definitions of intangible cultural heritage, which are a part of the whole process of recording the cultural heritage of relevant communities, groups, institutions, and residents. Special tools, objectives, and venues for the ex- amination of professional knowledge, professional skills, social development and practical skills, and related common sense. 'e implication category of Chinese national intan- gible oral cultural heritage works includes the following six property components [16].
According to the specific heritage categories contained in the document catalogue of national protected intangible cultural heritage in the current standard classification of Chinese folk intangible cultural heritage, Chinese folk plastic arts can be effectively divided into the following ten cate- gories: folk literature, folk music, folk dance, folk art, tra- ditional handicraft, traditional drama, opera, traditional acrobatic performance activities and athletics, traditional medicine, and folklore. After considering the current re- search achievements of intangible cultural heritage around the world in an all-round way, many achievements have been made closely around the regulations on safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. After continuous scientific re- search, with the rapid development of society and the gradual deepening of relevant discussions in countries around the world, people have further enriched and pro- moted their understanding of the definition and meaning of intangible cultural heritage.
3.1.2. Cultural Capital %eory. In the 1980s, the European sociologist Bourdieu, in the preface chapter of his book “Forms of Capital,” for the first time, creatively reargued and defined a new set of theoretical foundations and theoretically basic material concepts of the category of material capital, “cultural capital” [17]. He thus proposed that material capital in the broad sense that can be subdivided into three main theoretically fundamental material forms: economic capital,
1950s Intangible Cultural Property
1970s Intangible Cultural Heritage
Figure 1: Evolution of the concept of intangible cultural heritage.
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cultural capital, and material social capital. Cultural capital can be further divided into the following three main material forms of culture: first, a subjective state of human existence, expressed as a state of mind and a state of spiritual insistence on the meaning of human life; second, a systemic objective state, in which the information material of cultural goods (pictures, books, dictionaries, tools, machines, etc.) with a specific systemic category of content is the objective state (tools, machines, etc.) as an objective basis of a form of information carried out and presented; third, system state information should also all be presented in its entirety in the form of dynamic information describing changes in the objective state of information. Culture itself has a value, and this intangible value can of course be transformed into a tangible economic value. Cultural capital, as objective ex- istence, and subjective economic capital can be unified to form cultural products. 'e cultural capital in Bourdieu’s theoretical elaboration is the theoretical basis for the pro- ductive conservation and industrial development of intan- gible cultural heritage. On the one hand, cultural capital guides the rational production and consumption activities of people, and on the other hand, it determines the innovation of ideas and the constant adaptation to the changing needs of people. 'e introduction of Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital has sparked a hot topic of discussion about culture and its production in the Western academic world. David Crosby, an Australian scholar, explains that, in addition, “cultural capital is the accumulation of cultural values in the form of wealth.” In addition, he himself tries to divide “cultural capital” into “tangible cultural capital” and “in- tangible cultural capital” [18]. 'e process of accumulation of tangible resources and tangible cultural capital generally occurs in buildings, sites, art museums, and a large number of other cultural artifacts, such as paintings, sculptures, and many other cultural artifacts that are widely available in the form of their private objects and will eventually be widely attributed with a specific cultural meaning (often referred to as “cultural heritage”). Intangible cultural capital consists of
a set of ideas, practices, beliefs, traditions, and values that are consistent with a particular group of people. 'e important historical and cultural values and their connotations con- tained in the composition of intangible cultural capital are often in direct correspondence with each other or with other historical and economic values of human beings. For ex- ample, the existing rich ancient cultural, musical and artistic texts, modern historical and literary works, the folk wealth and accumulation, cultural customs (habits) and various spiritual beliefs, or various cultural languages, have an ex- tremely direct and extensive deep and lasting political and spiritual cultural value, but often have no direct political and economic value at all, because at times they can no longer be truly valued as a material wealth value to be traded for the social value. However, the various commercial and service activities and product flows associated with these direct flows of material intangible wealth and tangible cultural capital can create a direct cultural value and a potential economic value for society, respectively. 'e “intangible culture” is an important characteristic and representation of the “intangible culture” part of the “intangible cultural heritage,” as shown in Figure 3.
3.2. Research Methodology
3.2.1. IPA Analysis Method. IPA analysis (importance performance analysis) is a method to accurately measure and objectively analyze the intrinsic importance of a specific product characteristic or a specific service content beyond the subjective expectations of customers, and to observe the intrinsic differences between the levels of performance in- dicators and technical performance. It is a quantitative analysis method to find the possible points to improve productivity or further improve the target customer satis- faction. It was first proposed by Martilla et al. [19]. Evans et al. [20] proposed for the first time in China to formally apply the IPA model and analysis method tool techniques to
Intangible cultural heritage
Traditional performing arts (folk opera, music, dance,
etc.)
Traditional folk knowledge of nature and the universe
(nature, geography, astronomy, medicine, etc.)
Traditional handicrafts (handed down from
generation to generation, exquisite skills, ethnic styles,
regional characteristics)
traditional conservation areas)
Figure 2: 'e scope covered by intangible cultural heritage in China.
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develop basic research in the field of domestic cultural tourism. In recent years, IPA analysis method tool tech- nology will mainly apply the research work to improve the basic service resources supply and its quality in China’s tourism and the culture industry, the value of tourists’ destination perception experience, tourism service industry destination image value enhancement and other three fac- tors related to the basic comprehensive method research. For example, the National Natural Science Foundation of China Geng [21] project and other items. Based on the perspective of China and ethnic regions, a hypothetical evaluationmodel was constructed as a Chinese tourism service industry of service and provision of service quality dimension and satisfaction evaluation dimension index differences. 'rough the empirical questionnaire analysis questionnaire data and IPA data comprehensive analysis, to explore the most specific difference between tourism hotels and services and tourist quality satisfaction difference indicators in the three countries mentioned above different evaluation di- mensions data level between the most specific difference cause analysis and difference analysis method importance. 'e research backbone of the group such as Zunan [22] proposed to study and build up a model system for mea- suring the customer perception and an experience index of tourism hotel chain B&B based on the research results of hotel B&B tourist perception and the experience evaluation value model, using separate methods such as IPA regression analysis, factor regression analysis, and equal weighting method to investigate the tourist perception between various types of economic tourism hotel chain B&B at home and abroad 'e quantitative and empirical comparative evalu- ation of the differences in indicators of experience evaluation was carried out, and a series of tourism-related planning strategies and…