Instructional aids

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA & METHODS

Prsented by: Kanika Guleria MSc(N) 1st year

DEFINITION• Audio-visual aids are

those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.

--Burton

PURPOSETo initiate & sustain attention, concentration & personal involvement of student in learning

To provide basis for more effective perceptual & conceptual learning

To bring remote events in the classroom

To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts

To save time & energy

CONT…..

To provide clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning

To stimulate thinking & motivate action

PRINCIPLESPrinciple of

selectionPrinciple of preparation

Principle of physical control

Principle of proper presentation

Principle of response

Principle of evaluation

IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

• Improve and make teaching effective.• Enable the audience to look, listen and learn.• Make learning interesting and profitable.• Quicken the phase of learning.• Foster/develop the knowledge.• Add variety and newness to the lesson, provide

vicarious experience.• Overcome possible hurdles during the act of

teaching.

• Bring expected behavioral change among the learners.

• Stimulate curiosity.• Provide direct contact with reality or serves as a

source of information.• The students acquire clear, accurate and vivid image

during the process of learning.• Increase and sustain attention and concentration.• Make personal involvement of student in active

learning and meet individual needs of the learners.• It can serve as an open window through which the

student can view the world.

CONT…..

• Spread of education as mass scale. It will provide opportunity for providing adult education.

• Promote scientific temper as students observe demonstrations and scientific phenomenon.

• The students will get opportunity to handle, touch, feel, operate, and manipulate the Audio-Visual aids.

• Stimulate thinking and motivate action.• Save time and energy.

CONT…..

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD INSTRUCTIONAL AID

• Meaningful & purposeful.

• Simple.• Cost effective & cheap.• Large enough to be seen

by everone.• Easily portable.• Adapted to the

intellectual maturity of the students

EFFECTIVE USE OF AV AIDS

Planning

Preparation

Presentation

Evaluation

1. PLANNING• Know clearly the

objectives of the presentation.

• Plan well in advance• Anticipate the problem

and avoid them.• Anticipate the size of the

audience; the aids should be visible, audible for entire group of audience.

• Plan for the use of variety of colorful visual aids, number of aids has to be planned.

• Plan in advance for appropriate time of presentation.

CONT…..

2. PREPARATION• Select a convenient & comfortable meeting place.• Anticipate the need for special effects either total

lighting or darkness, prepare to provide either, at the right time.

• Make sure that all the equipments are in good working order.

• Prepare by rehearsing or previewing in order to make a smooth presentation.

• Arrange the audio-visual aids in sequence and have them within easy reach.

• Keep aids out of sight until actually required for use.

CONT…..

3. PRESENTATION• Motivate the audience and stress the key points.

• Present aids at the right moment and in proper sequence.

• Display only one aid at a time.• Remove all unrelated material.• Stand beside the aid, not in front of it.• Speak facing the audience and not the side.

CONT…..

4. EVALUATION• At the end, evaluate by

providing for discussion and application to discover and dispel misunderstanding,

if any.• Undertake follow-up

studies and observe results.

GUIDELINES FOR SLECTING & MAKING AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

1. Easy to see

2.Simple & direct

3. Easy to handle

4. Key point

8. Time & place

7. Good working condition 6. Accurate 5.

Understandable

9. Upto date ideas

10.Encourage the viewers

11. Message to be conveyed

12. Avoid over writing

13. Select the colors

CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS

Instructional Media

visualAudio

1. Tape Recorder.2. Record Player.3. Radio

Audio – Visual1. Films2. T.V.3. Computer

Non-projected Projected

CLASSIFICATIONI.Auditory aids: e.g. radio, recordings, mike,

phonograms, megaphone, microphone, gramophone

Visual aids: • Non projected/unprojected, e.g. (models) 3-D

materials, pictures, charts, flannel board, graphs, boards, cartoons, maps, photographs, posters, printed materials

• Projected aids, e.g. epidioscope, slide projector, overhead projector, film projector, opaque projector

CONT….• Audio-visual aids, e.g.

television, video, sound-motion pictures

• Aid through activity, e.g. field trips, models, collection of material and exhibition

• Traditional media, e.g. puppets, dramas, folksongs, and folk dance.

II.Visual aids• Projected aids, e.g. films,

filmstrips, opaque projector, overhead projector, slide projector, slide projector

CONT….

Non-projected aids, • Graphic aids, e.g. cartoons,

charts, comics, diagrams, flash cards, graphs, maps, photographs, pictures, posters, printed materials, flip books, illustrated books.

• Display boards, e.g. blackboard, bulletin board, flannel board, magnetic board, PEG board

• 3-D aids, e.g. diagrams, models, mockups, objects, puppets, specimen

CONT….

• Audio aids, e.g. radio, recordings (tape, disco) and television, video tapes, language laboratories, sound distribution systems

• Activity aids, e.g. computer assisted instructions, demonstrations, dramatics, experimentation, field trips, programmed instruction and teaching machines

CONT….

III.• Big media, e.g. computer,

VCR, and TV

• Little media, e.g. radio, filmstrips, graphic, audio cassettes other visuals

CONT….

ADVANTAGES

• Helps in effective perceptual and conceptual learning.

• Helpful in capturing and sustaining attention of students.

• Helpful in new learning.• Helps in saving energy and time of both the

teacher’s and students.• Provides near realistic experience.• Useful in for education of masses.

CONT….• Motivates pupils to participate actively• Helpful to poor readers and slow learners who

cannot get all the required knowledge from the text books

LIMITATIONS• Financial hurdles• Technical Problems• Student Distractions

because of special effects & light.

• It can take more time to prepare

• All the av aids are not Convenient

REFERENCES• Bhaskar N, Elakkuvana D. Text Book of Nursing Education.

First Edition: 2013. EMMESS Medical Publishers.• Farroq U. Audio-Visual Aids in Education. Study Lecture

Notes. 31 July 2014. http://www.studylecturenotes.com/curriculum-instructions/audio-visual-aids-in-education

• Nupur. What are the Main Advantages of Audio-Visual Aids. Preserve Articles. 2014. http://www.preservearticles.com/2012032829111/what-are-the-main-advantages-of-audio-visual-aids.html

• Neeraja KP. Textbook of Nursing Education. Reprint Edition 2003. JAYPEE BROTHERS Medical Publishers (P) LTD New delhi