THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH
Dr. Muhammad Yanis Musdja, M.Sc
Chairman of Indonesian Halal Products Foundation
Vice Chairman Moslem Intelectual Associatio Jakarta Head (Former) of Pharmacy Study Program Islamic State University, Jakarta
Dean (Former) Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah, Indonesia
THE MAKING OF SOLID SOAP FROM BENTONITE SOIL
FOR CLEANING UNCLEAN MUGHALLAZAH
• BACKGROUNDS : Islamic teachings obligate to wash unclean of mughalladzah (unclean that originates from pig and dog saliva) with water as much as 7 times and with soil one time. Soap of soil bentonite is an alternative to cleanse the unclean mughalladzah.
• OBJECTIVE: Make a soap solid from the soil bentonite to wash Unclean of mughalladzah. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Soap is made from a mixture of materials containing: Bentonite, Sodium hydroxide, glycerin, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, butylated hidroxytoluene, coconut oil, triclosan, ethanol 96%, perfume of tea tree oil, distilled water. The manufacture of soap formulas was done by variation of acid stearate (6%, 7%, 8% and 9%) and sodium lauryl sulfate (3%, 4% and 5%), then performed organoleptic examination and measurement of pH, height and foam stability, hardness and the quality requirements for the soap. RESULTS : From the results of this study, the concentration of 9% stearate acid and sodium lauryl sulfate 5% is the best formula to be used as soap. Discussion and Conclusions : the higher concentration of stearic acid, produces the harder solid soap bentonite, while the optimal concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate obtained at the concentration of 5%
Backgrounds
Bentonite solid soap
(HALAL) as a cleanser unclean
mughalladzah
Halal Components
Halal assurance
system
Najis mughalladzah
Cleanse unclean by
Soil
Innovation soil soap for
ease of performing
ablution
Islamic teachings obligate
to wash unclean of
mughalladzah (unclean that
originates from pig and
dog saliva) with soil one
time and with water 7
times . Soap of soil
bentonite is an alternative
to cleanse the unclean
mughalladzah
The collection of
materials
The manufacture four solid soap formula
bentonite (stearic acid concentration
variations)
Organoleptic evaluation, pH and hardness
soap
Formula solid soap bentonite (stearic acid
selected)
The manufacture three solid soap formula bentonite (various concentrations
NLS)
Evaluation of pH, high foam, foam stability and hardness
Formula solid soap bentonite
elected
Evaluation of the quality of
the soap according to
SNI
FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF STEARIC ACID
\
INGREDIENTS CONCENTRATION
F1 F2 F3 F4
Coconut oil 17% 17% 17% 17%
NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Stearic Acid 6% 7% 8% 9%
Kokamidopropil
betain
3% 3% 3% 3%
NLS 4% 4% 4% 4%
Bentonit 20% 20% 20% 20%
Glicerin 17% 17% 17% 17%
BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02% 0,02%
Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% 0,1%
Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Perfume qs qs qs qs
Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100% Ad 100%
b. FORMULATION OF BENTONITE SOLID SOAP WITH VARIATION OF CONCENTRATION NLS
Materials
CONSENTRATION
FA FB FC
Coconut oil 17% 17% 17%
NaOH 30% 15% 15% 15%
Stearic Acid 9% 9% 9%
Kokamidopropil betain 3% 3% 3%
NLS 3% 4% 5%
Bentonite 20% 20% 20%
Glicerin 17% 17% 17%
BHT 0,02% 0,02% 0,02%
Triklosan 0,1% 0,1% 0,1%
Ethanol 96% 1% 1% 1%
Perfume qs qs qs
Aquadest Add 100% Add 100% Ad 100%
The weighing of ingredients
a mixture of stearic acid,
coconut oil and BHT Is melted
up to 700C
Added a 30% NaOH solution at 700C, stirring until
it forms a homogeneous
mass.
Added glycerine, NLS, betain,
triclosan, bentonite and the rest of the
water
Added perfume at a temperature of 400C - 500C
Stirred until it forms a mass of solid soap.
The mixture is poured into a
mold, allowed to stand until it
hardens
Evaluated of soap
Result & Discussion Formulation of Bentonite Solid Soap
Material Function
Coconut oil Oil Fase
NaOH 30% Alkali
Stearic acid Soap Hardener
Kokamidopropil betain Surfactan sekunder
NLS Foaming surfactants
Bentonit Soil
Glicerin Humektan
BHT Antioksidan
Triklosan Preservative
Ethanol 96% Solvent
Perfume Deodorizer
Aquadest Water Fase
Evaluation of Chemical-Physical Properties
a. Observations of Organoleptic
Form, color and odor .
b. High and Stability Foam
calculated with the formula:
Foam stability (1 hour) = 100% - % of foam missing
c. pH of Soap
Measured by a pH meter
d. The hardness of Soap
Measured by penetrometer
Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap with Variation
Concentrations of Stearic Acid
Formula Form Color Odor
I Solid Brown Aroma tea
II Solid Brown Aroma tea
III Solid Brown Aroma tea
IV Solid Brown Aroma tea
Observation Organoleptic
Physically with the addition of stearic acid which varies did not
affect the the shape, color and smell of the resulting solid soap
bentonite. Brown color on the soap due to the presence of
bentonite as a cleaning agent mughalladzah unclean.
Ket:
FI: Stearic Acid 6%
FII: Stearic Acid 7%
FIII: Stearic Acid 8%
FIY: Stearic Acid 9%
Formula pH Value
average ± SD
I 10,201 ± 0,0332
II 10,110 ± 0,0089
III 10,105 ± 0,0141
IV 10,102 ± 0,0125
Comersial
Soap
10,530 ± 0,0404
pH testing
The higher the concentration of
stearic acid, the pH value of the soap
will decrease. But the drop in pH that
occurred did not differ significantly
between the formula.
Hardness testing
Formula The average depth of penetration ± SD
(10-1 mm) I 52 ± 1,3229
II 42,08 ± 0,6292
III 40,08 ± 0,8780
IV 32,83 ± 1,0104
Comersial Soap 10,03 ± 0,0577
The higher the concentration of stearic acid, the
higher hardness of bentonite solid soap. This is due to
stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid and a role in
providing consistency and hardness on the soap.
Formula Form Color Odor
A Solid Brown Tea Aroma
B Solid Brown Tea Aroma
C Solid Brown Tea Aroma
Formula Evaluation of Bentonite Solid Soap, with
variation concentrations of NLS
Observations of Organoleptic
Physically with the addition of varying
concentrations of NLS does not affect the form,
color and odor to the result of bentonite.solid soap
Ket:
FA: NLS 3%
FB: NLS 4%
FC: NLS 5%
Formula The average pH value ± SD
A 10,199 ± 0,0295
B 10,102 ± 0,0125
C 10,323 ± 0,0361
Comersial
Soap
10,530 ± 0,0404
pH testing
The higher the concentration of NLS,
the higher the pH,
therefore NLS has an alkaline pH
Formula Hardness testing ± SD
(10-1 mm)
A 35,25 ± 0,25
B 32,83 ± 1,0104
C 32,50 ± 1,3229
Soap
Commercial
10,03 ± 0,0577
HARDNESS TESTING
The higher the concentration of
NLS, the higher the hardness of solid
soap bentonite, because the amount
of water that is added decreases
Formula High Foam
average ± SD
(cm)
The average
foam stability
SD (%)
A 1,37 ± 0,0577 92,68 ± 0,3175
B 1,63 ± 0,1155 93,87 ± 0,4561
C 1,67 ± 0,1155 93,98 ± 0,3984
Soap
Commer
cial
1,43 ± 0,0577 79,05 ± 0,8256
High and Stability Testing of
Foam
The higher the concentration of NLS , the
better stability of foam soap solid bentonite.
According Deragon et al. (1968) criteria for
good foam stability, when within 5 minutes
of the foam stability obtained ranges between
60-70%. Based on the results of the statistical
analysis ANOVA height and foam stability,
concentration NLS NLS 4% and 5% showed
values did not differ significantly, so the
concentration of 4% NLS selected as the best
concentration.
CONCLUSION
• Stearic acid concentration of 9% give the highest hardness
in solid soap bentonite.
• Increasing the concentration of NLS can give affect pH,
high foam, foam stability and hardness of bentonite solid
soap
• NLS concentration of 4% and 5% is the best concentration
of NLS in providing physical-chemical properties, such as :
pH of soap, foam height and foam stability as well as
hardness of bentonite solid soap.