Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Radiation Source ELBE J. Teichert, A. Arnold, H. Büttig, D. Janssen, M. Justus, U. Lehnert, P. Michel, P. Murcek, A. Schamlott, C. Schneider, R. Schurig, F. Staufenbiel, R. Xiang, T. Kamps, J. Rudolph, M. Schenk, G. Klemz, I. Will for the BESSY-DESY-FZD-MBI collaboration The Superconducting RF Photoinjector at ELBE – First Operational Experience orkshop on Sources of Polarized Electrons and High Brightness Electron Be October 1-3, 2008, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA
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Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
J. Teichert, A. Arnold, H. Büttig, D. Janssen, M. Justus, U. Lehnert, P. Michel,P. Murcek, A. Schamlott, C. Schneider, R. Schurig, F. Staufenbiel, R. Xiang,
T. Kamps, J. Rudolph, M. Schenk, G. Klemz, I. Willfor the BESSY-DESY-FZD-MBI collaboration
The Superconducting RF Photoinjector at ELBE – First Operational Experience
Workshop on Sources of Polarized Electrons and High Brightness Electron BeamsOctober 1-3, 2008, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEINTRODUCTION – MOTIVATION FOR SRF GUN
Int. FEL Community Radiation Source ELBE
High BrightnessHigh Average Current
CW OperationLow RF Power
Dissipation
250 kV thermionic GunCW operation
butlow brightness
low bunch charge
NC RF photogun highest brightness
butlow average current
high current gun for 4th generationlight sources ?
NEW CHALLANGESSC Cavity Design with Cathode InsertCavity Degradation during Operation
Choice of Photo cathode typeCoupling RF power in cavity & HOM effectsemittance growth compensation method
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEINTRODUCTION – HISTORY OF SRF GUN R&D
since 2004 ELBE SRF PhotoinjectorA. Arnold et al., NIM-A, Vol. 577(2006)440
2002 first beam from a SRF gunD. Janssen et al., NIM-A, Vol. 507(2003)314
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEINTRODUCTION
ELBE Superconducting RF Photoinjector• New Injector for the ELBE SC Linac• Test Bench for SRF Gun R&D
Mode ELBE High Charge
final electron energy ≤ 9.5 MeV
RF frequency 1.3 GHz
operation mode CW
bunch charge 77 pC 1 nC
repetition rate 13 MHz 500 kHz
laser pulse (FWHM) 4 ps 15 ps
transverse rms emittance
1 mm mrad2.5 mm mrad
average current 1 mA 0.5 mA
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
LASER
NC Cs2Te photo cathode
heliumport
SC Nb3½ -cell cavity
e-
MAIN COMPONENTS
Liquid HeVessel
cathode cooling (77 K)& support system
photo cathodealignmentcavity
tuners
rf powercoupler
SRF Gun Cryomodule
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
DESIGN & PARAMETERS
Niobium Cavity
Nb RRR 300 cavity –design valuesEacc= 25 MV/m in TESLA cells, Q0=1x1010
110 mT maximum magnetic surface fieldEpeak (TESLA cells) = 50 MV/mEpeak (half-cell) = 30 MV/m
Ecathode = 20 MV/m (retracted cathode)
MAIN COMPONENTS
Results of the 4 vertical tests at DESY
HPR cleaning very difficultdemage produced
use of the cavity, sincefurther improvement not
expected
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBECOMMISSIONING – FIRST COOL-DOWN
0 50 100 150 200 250 3001,2980G
1,2985G
1,2990G
1,2995G
1,3000G
1,3005G
fre
qu
en
cy [H
z]
temperature [K]
f=2.02MHz
first cool-down 1 – 2 August 2007
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
Quality factor and Gradient measurements
Eacc Epeak Eacc(TESLA) Eelectron
5.5 MV/m 15.5 MV/m 8 MV/m 2.5 MV
1,0M 2,0M 3,0M 4,0M 5,0M 6,0M 7,0M108
109
1010
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Q0 a
us
Ph
in &
Pd
iss
Gradient aus Phin [MV/m]
Do
sis
[m
Gy
/min
]
He consumption measurementand calibrated pick-up
constant He flowchange of electrical heater power
COMMISSIONING – RF TESTS
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
RF MEASUREMENTS
Measurement of RF properties:
COMMISSIONING – RF TESTS
• On-Axis Field distribution• He Pressure Sensitivity• Lorentz Force Detuning• Microphonics• Higher-Order Mode Excitation• Tuning System Performance• long term behavior of Q0 vs. Eacc curve for details see André Arnolds Poster
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBECOMMISSIONING – RF TESTS
High-Power Processing of Cavity
Processing with pulsed RF for reduction of field emission in Sept. 08 High risk process – at the end of the measurement period
Improvement of acceleration gradientEacc = 5 -> 6.5 MV/m
Gun Operation with Ee = 3 MeV in next run(instead of 2 MeV before)
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEBEAM PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
Schottky scan – energy & energy spread screen DV04 (YAG) 4.4 m from cathode
screen DV05same optical path as DV04
-160°, σx = 600 µm
energy energy spread
15 pC
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEBEAM PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
Transverse Emittance – Solenoid scan
screen DV02 screen DV01
solenoid foremittance compensation, field precisely measured
•not suitable for space-charge dominated beams,•preliminary method as long as the analysis tools for the installed slit mask method are under development
Measurement: 5 MV/m gradient
2 MeV energylaser:
temporal:15 ps FWHM Gaussianlateral: 2.7 mm diam. sharp edges
launch phase &
pulse energy variation
-160°20 pC
σx = 320 µm
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBEBEAM PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
Transverse Emittance – Solenoid scan
launch phase scan – search for optimum
- 160° Φlaser = 20°
bunch charge dependence
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBESUMMARY
First Run of SRF Gun operation:about 100 h with Cu cathode, 400 h with Cs2Te Iav = 1 µA, total 15 C (diagnostic mode & radiation safety permission)
Problems during commissioning:• Cavity cleaning and low gradient• wrong cavity π-mode frequency at 2 K (will be corrected in shut-down)• high level of microphonics due to membrane pumps (solved)• tuners have hysteresis (will be repaired in shut-down)• insufficient vacuum in cathode transfer system (improved in shut-down) Answers to the „big“ questions:• basic principle (NC photo cathode) works well • no limits found, results agree with predictions• high current operation: answer will be given in the first run in 2009• high gradient and brightness: needs an improved cavity
Future:• Oct.- Jan. 09: correction of π-mode frequency• 2009: connection to ELBE, run with high current • fabrication of two improved cavities, funded by BMBF, replacement in 2010
Institute of Radiation Physics Jochen Teichert www.fzd.de Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Radiation Source ELBE
AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity
under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” programme (CARE, contract number RII3-CT-2003-506395) and the support of the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research grant 05 ES4BR1/8.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Thanks to the ELBE crew, the technical staff of BESSY, DESY and MBI,
to ACCEL and all the others supported and encouraged this project