InspectThis_Spring2012

1 InspectThis! Spring 2012

Supplement to CoatingsPro Magazine SPRING 2012

IN THIS ISSUE...

From the Chairman ............................................1

Introduction to Coating Inspection Available Online ...........................................2

Corrosion Basics: Coating Condition Surveys ....................3

NACE Releases 2012 Training & Certification Guide .............5

Get This! ....................................................................5

NACE Corrosion Network ............................6

NACE Coatings Course Schedule ..............9

Coatings Resources ..........................................10

Static vs. Dynamic: Keep the Lights Flashing But Get Out of the Car!By D. Terry Greenfield, CIP Committee Chair, CorroMetrics Services, Inc.

For years I have listened to a good friend and col-

league who uses an analogy of a traffic cop to describe coating in-spection. It goes some-thing like this...

The posted inter-state maximum speed limit is 70 mph and although a lot of drivers may re-spect that ceiling, others find a margin of comfort to exceed the posted thresh-old. This margin for some is just a little over the limit—maybe 75 mph; with others it may be 80 mph or more. The point of comparison is that a painting contractor may look for that “extend-ed” margin of compliance with regard to the coatings specification require-ments and “limits” as well.

The coating inspector on the job could be a lot like that police car with lights f lashing while sitting on the shoulder of the road during construc-tion. The mere presence of the coating inspector alone on a coatings project could inf luence the contractor to com-ply with the specification to a greater extent, much like motorists slow down to obey the posted speed limits in road construction stretches because of those f lashing blue lights.

I have embraced this analogy for years, but recently had an epiphany as the words “stat ic” and “dynamic” started dancing around in my head while thinking about this circum-stance. First ponder the word “static.” A common definition is “exerting force by reason of weight alone without mo-

tion.” Perfect…this is a great descrip-tion for that police car sitting on the shoulder of the road with the lights f lashing. Its presence alone has an ef-fect on the situation at hand with only that assumption of enforcement by the officer in the car being enough to slow traffic down.

Now consider the word “dynamic.” A common definition is “relating to physical force or energy marked by usually continuous and productive

activity or change.” Simply, the officer (or coating inspector) has now gotten out of the car with f lashing lights and is effecting change by their actions.

I like the word “dynamic” to describe a coating inspector. I think that ’s closer to the intended spirit of an in-spector that the NACE International Coat ing Inspector Program (CIP) courses really try to to form and per-petuate. The coating inspector who “gets out of the car” and gets involved in the project to effect positive change is the one who makes a difference and embodies the “soul” of the NACE CIP.

This is my last chairman’s message

in InspectThis!, as my term ends in March of this year. The time has gone quickly and I have been honored to serve the program these past three years as best I could. I’ve worked with a dedicated, involved, and talented group of committee members and many dedicated and supportive (and talented as well) NACE staff members.

I would like to say thanks to all of you for your support and hard work. There’s still a lot to do and the program will continue to evolve and strengthen with time and the effort of those dedi-cated to its continued industry promi-nence. I think I would describe that effort as “dynamic.”

So…in closing, keep the lights f lash-ing, but remember to get out of the car and be a dynamic coating inspector! Stay involved! !

The coating inspector on the job could be a lot

like that police car with lights flashing while sitting on the shoulder

of the road during construction.


NACE Internat iona l has re-leased its new Introduction to Coating Inspection Online

Training, which offers industry pro-fessionals the opportunity to learn the principles and purpose of coatings and coating inspection. NACE has taken key elements from the internationally recognized Coating Inspector Program (CIP) and developed them into eight easy-to-understand modules that stu-dents can take when convenient. The modules are as follows:• Role of the inspector• Test instrumentation• Coating specification• Coating fundamentals• Surface preparation and standards• Application procedures• Coating defects• Pre-job conference

After taking this training, individu-als will have a better understanding of the following aspects of coatings and coating inspection: • Use of protective coatings to control

corrosion• Corrosion fundamentals such as

properties of a coating, coating clas-sification, and modes of protection

• Coating types and curing mecha-nisms

• Coating specif ications including service environments and coating life cycle

• Surface preparat ion equipment, methods for abrasive blasting, sol-vent cleaning, and power and manu-al tool cleaning

• Role and responsibilities of the in-spector

• Inspection procedures and quality control

• Purpose and content of a pre-job conference

• Test instruments for measurement of ambient and surface conditions,

non-visible contaminants, and coat-ings thickness

• Quality control issues, recognizing design and fabrication defects, and coating failure modesThe course is suitable for personnel

new to the corrosion or coatings indus-try, field engineers, maintenance per-sonnel, coating manufacturers, techni-cal sales representatives, blasters, and paint applicators involved in the fol-lowing industries and infrastructure:• Highways and bridges• Pipelines and underground systems• Power generation facilities• Ships and offshore structures• Water/wastewater facilities• Chemical processing facilities

The price per 30-minute module is $75. Successful completion of all eight modules and their assessments will ea rn cont inuing educat ion u nits (CEUs). This training does not result in certification of any level from the NACE CIP.

For more information on this and all other NACE courses, visit the Educa-tion area of www.nace.org. !

Introduction to Coating Inspection Available Online

Spring 2012 InspectThis! 3

Coating Condition Surveys The First Step to an Effective Maintenance Program

The application of new coating systems or the maintenance of existing protective coating sys-

tems on structures or facilities should not be started without a thorough un-derstanding of exactly what conditions exist and how these conditions could affect the ability of the coating systems to adequately protect the structure. Ad-ditional investigation into the causes of any premature failure or lack of performance of the installed coatings should also be considered.

Degradation of structures and fa-cilities caused by corrosion represents a significant challenge to maintenance personnel. Maintenance actions must address getting the maximum benefit from the installed protective coating systems and ensure that the degrada-tion of the substrate does not lead to inherent safety hazards or interruption of operations.

The first step of a maintenance pro-gram is typically a condition survey. Unfortunately, too often this survey consists of a simple walk through or around the facility to get a visual pic-ture of what the structure looks like from just an aesthetic viewpoint. It is quite often done from the viewpoint of how the neighborhood views the facil-ity, rather than emphasizing the struc-ture’s preservation and how well it is resisting the effects of corrosion. The reasons for conducting the survey may include:• Preparation for overhaul or other

scheduled activity• Periodic assessment to monitor system

performance• Report of a failure to the coating system

or structural elementA proper survey requires dividing the

structure or facility into easily defined components or groups of components (e.g., a logistical grouping of manageable parts that will be painted together), then proceeding in a methodical fashion to establish exactly what has happened to the structure and the coating systems, and

why, since its last painting program.In view of the costs involved, mainte-

nance personnel must establish and fol-low engineered and consistently applied processes in evaluating structures and the corrosion protection system used on them. These processes establish guide-

lines for the surveyor gathering data in the field.

Planning and engineering personnel will use the data collected to select, pri-oritize, budget, program, and execute maintenance projects in the most cost-effective manner. More in-depth inspec-

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tion may be required to properly evaluate the significance of degradation observed based on the initial survey. Accurate root cause analysis can be critical in develop-ing effective remedial action that will avoid, or delay, a recurrence of the discov-ered damage.

Planning for the Condition Survey

Several elements of preplanning will be necessary to effectively execute the condition survey. The first is a logical breakdown of the facility and the sec-ond is a grading system to evaluate the observed conditions.

Facilities and structures vary in com-plexity. The breakdown of each facility or structure, in terms of establishing the corrosion protection system grade, will vary by complexity and is typi-cally assigned to the engineering and planning personnel responsible for the owner’s corrosion control program.

Information collected during the condit ion sur vey is l inked to the physical items being evaluated. There must be a consistently applied organi-zation to the facility or structure being evaluated. This organization is best accomplished before conducting the condition survey, although the results of the survey may require some adjust-ment to the originally conceived orga-nization. There are typically three levels of detail involved in the organi-zation and breakdown:• Region• Location/facility/structure• Structural element/equipment

The primary goal is to make the con-duct of the condition survey as simple as possible while collecting the necessary information. !

This article is adapted by MP Editorial Advisory Board Member Norm Moriber from The Protective Coating User’s Handbook, Second Edition, Louis D. Vincent (Houston, TX: NACE Interna-tional, 2010), pp. 185-188. This new edition was released in August 2010 and is available from NACE as Item no. 37593. This article was originally pub-lished in the October 2010 issue of MP.

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NACE International has re-leased its 2012 Training & Certification Guide, which

describes in detail all programs and courses offered by the association. Built upon decades of knowledge a nd ex per t i se , NACE cou rses and certif ications are the most recognized and widely accepted corrosion t ra in ing prog ra ms in the world. They provide the knowledge and ski l ls to sup-

Get This!

V alentin C. Perales, a NACE-cer-tified Coating Inspector, is the winner of this issue’s drawing for

a free Coating Inspector Program (CIP) course. An estimator and project man-ager at Bazan Painting Co. in St. Louis, Missouri, Perales is currently certified to CIP Level 2.

How can you enter the drawing to win a free CIP course?

Simply send an e-mail message to [email protected] and mention that you saw this article. To be eligible, you must have completed NACE CIP Level 1 and your certification must be active. The free CIP course (Level 2 or Level 3 Peer Review) must be taken within one year of winning the drawing.

Please note that this drawing only applies to CIP courses and not other NACE course offerings. The prize is transferrable but may not be sold. If this prize is transferred, the recipient must meet the same criteria as the winner. !

NACE Releases 2012 Training & Certification Guide

port infrastructure susta inabi l ity and asset preservation by training professionals to recognize, qualify, and quantify corrosion in a variety of application-oriented and industry-specific subjects.

The guide can be found online in the Education area of the NACE Web site: www.nace.org. For a hardcopy, please c ont a c t t h e NAC E F i r s t S e r v i c e Department at +1 281-228-6223 or [email protected]. !


The NACE Corrosion Network A Free Technical Resource

Take advantage of the knowl-edge of thousands of corrosion experts in every industry by

joining the e-mail-based NACE Inter-national Corrosion Network or NACE Coatings Network. These free l ist servers, established in the late 1990s, continue to grow in membership and popularity. To join either or both of the networks, simply go to the NACE Web site at www.nace.org, click on the Resources link, and then Online Resources. You will reach a subscriber page as well as access to archived ques-tions and answers back to 2002.

Following is a recent sampling from the NACE Corrosion Network on ques-tions and answers related to protective coatings. Please be advised that the items are not peer-reviewed, and opin-ions and suggestions are entirely those of the inquirers and respondents.

Dust contamination on blasted surface

Q We have the problem of dust contamination on an autoblasted

surface. I have also observed some black dust (not dry but a bit wet and very f ine) on substrates that seems to be difficult to clean well by means of air blow. Can you recommend a method of proper cleaning of such dust and the acceptance criteria? Is it possible to get a dust-free surface on substrate blasted by an autoblast machine such as a wheelabrator?

A Dust on the surface can cause serious problems if not removed

af ter the blast process. The most common way to remove the dust is with air blowing. You must f irst check that the air to be used to blow down the material is free from oil and water. The easiest way to check air cleanliness is with white paper or a white rag. Blow low air onto the paper or rag to see if you accumulate any oil, grease, or moisture.

A We have observed black-colored dust contamination on blasted

steel surfaces when the abrasive (steel grit or steel shot) was not controlled for screen size. In our experience, this dust residue is produced by breakdown of the steel abrasive. Abrasive blast profile prevents removal of the dust contami-nation by compressed air. We were successful in removing the residue by reblasting with fresh abrasive. We observed coating adhesion failure when the dust is left on the surface. Someone coined the term “backside contamina-tion” when observing the dust attached to the backside of failed coatings.

A The dust contamination observed on auto blasted steel surfaces

is a mixture of mill scale, rust, and other contamination on the steel itself, along with degraded abrasive and an important but least considered contamination—dust produced by the impact of abrasives on rubber curtains at the ends of the autoblast machine. The last one makes the dust sticky on the blasted surface and very difficult to remove. The problem encountered can be referred to the machine supplier and he can recommend a better dust collection system. We are operating an 8 wheelabrator in our facility with trouble-free blasting.

The most critical points to cover to control this problem are:• Operative mix particle size distribution

(no or close to zero particles with 50 mesh or smaller)

• Relationship between the hardness of the blasted piece and the blast media used

• The replenishing rate of new media into the operative mix—enough to maintain the loss and constant enough to avoid segregation

• The relationship of the air wash separa-tor size and centrifugal blaster capacity

• Air flow in the air wash separator and in the blast booth, removing all small particles and dust

• Dust collector size—centrifugal blaster size, angle, velocity, cage size, and posi-tion

• Hot spot analysis• Quality control practices, particle size

analysis, vial test, calibration of electric motors, ISO 8502-3 backside contami-nation, and peak countIt is not an easy problem to solve; the

best approach is to get an expert who can look at your equipment and make recom-mendations for your operation. I have seen important differences with very minute changes.

Coating for steel tunnel

Q A 540-m long land transportation tunnel is being constructed of

steel in Japan. As we do not have experi-ence constructing a steel tunnel in the past, we are unsure about specifying the protective coating system for the structure. The drawing just indicates that a coating system is required to provide corrosion protection, abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and hardness (figures not specified).

I am concerned about using polyurea, polyurethane (PUR), or other resins. Although these coatings are said to be fire-resistant, thermal decomposition may produce toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN).


For the interior tunnel coat ing, please provide comments on the fol-lowing coating system: one coat inor-ganic zinc (IOZ) for all steel walls and ceiling (with organic zinc-rich coating for repairs) without topcoat, and a polyurea coating for the driver’s eye attention zone, ~3 m from the wall bot-tom line, for both wall sides. Note that the drawing specifies that the driver’s eye attention zone is to be coated.

A While I have never built a steel tunnel, I would begin by consid-

ering it the same as a pipeline, only larger. The exterior would need a coating with good corrosion resis-tance and good cathodic disbondment resistance. I assume impressed current cathodic protection will be employed. There are numerous 100% volume solids epoxies that will perform well in this service, many of which can be applied directly to metal in one coat.

For the interior, I would consider a system of IOZ and 100% volume solids semi-gloss epoxy. The epoxy would have to be chosen carefully, in consultation with the manufacturer, to obtain an epoxy with the lowest flame-spread rat-ing. Some people might wish to use high-gloss PUR as a topcoat for ease of cleaning, but it would need a decent flame-spread rating. Another possibil-ity for the interior would be a coat of IOZ followed by one or two coats of polysiloxane. Again, this requires con-sultation with the manufacturer to make the best selection.

I would recommend getting one of the major coatings manufacturers to partici-pate in this design.

A I would be more concerned about t he t herma l decomposit ion

byproducts of PURs and polyureas than I would be about epoxies, but this is the type of information that should come from the coatings manufac-turer’s test results, or test results from independent tests.

There should be very little concern about thermal decomposition byprod-ucts with untopcoated IOZ and the long-term corrosion protection would be ex-cellent. So would thermal-sprayed zinc. The only possible negative I can think of is that zinc films are rather porous so

they would collect partially burnt hydro-carbons from gasoline and diesel engine fumes. This would result in a decrease of visibility in the tunnel unless power-washed on a scheduled basis.

Inorganic zinc thickness

Q I am going to work as a paint contractor for quality control on a

rig live extension project. The client has given the following specification:• 50-µm inorganic zinc (IOZ)• 50-µm epoxy polyamide• 200-µm build coat

However, the data sheet of this IOZ specifies that it is a shop primer applied at 15-µm dry film thickness (DFT). I wish to have your views on this speci-fication, knowing that the tank is a very complex structure and the guarantee is five years.

A S ome t h i ng i s a m i s s here . Normally, IOZ shop primers are

not intended to be applied in excess of 15 µm. They wil l mud crack in corners, welds, etc. when applied at excess thickness.

Since this is a live extension project,


I have to assume that there is a coating system already in place. If that system is an organic coating system, the IOZ will not adhere to the organic system. To apply the specified system would require abrasive blast ing to bare metal. You might wish to ask for a conference with the owner’s represen-tative to clarify that specification.

A T h i s a p p r o a c h i s f a i r l y common. It sounds l ike they

a re of fer i ng a pre-const r uc t ion pr imer at a t h ick ness consistent with a weldable primer. Ty pica l ly

this is spot-blasted on weld seams and abraded areas and swept over the remaining area. There wi l l be very litt le zinc primer left after this process. The primary function of the zinc is to preserve the blast profile. If there is no zinc left, it is of litt le concern. I would suggest a l it t le more epoxy for the system i f l i fe expectancy is a concern. A thick-ness of 250 µm or 10 mils is fairly common for immersion, but there are systems available that go to 500 µm in two coats quite easily.

A Wet film thickness (WFT) gauges correlated to actual DFT for the

IOZ coating will reduce but not elimi-nate inaccuracies. Correlate wet to dry thickness for every IOZ batch and different manufactures. Variations in batch consistency and coating design prevent accurate assumptions about wet and dry thickness ratios.

A Actually, it is the responsibil-ity of the contractor to bring

questions to the owner at the pre-bid meeting before he offers a price. Once the contractor has signed a contract to perform the work, he has accepted the contract and the included speci-f icat ion as writ ten. If he f inds a problem after signing the contract, he should of course bring it to the owner’s attention. Then he has to negotiate a reasonable change order, but it might not be as favorable to the contractor by then.

A Measuring WFT of IOZ with a WFT gauge is not pract i-

cal for two reasons: the extremely fast evaporation rate of the solvent and the fact that the zinc particles will not allow the outside legs of the gauge to seat properly on the steel surface. The only way to figure WFT is to calculate the amount of material necessary to cover the area to be painted and use that much material. But even that is a problem as the shrinkage rate of IOZ is not totally related to t he sol ids by volume. Again, you have a heavy load of zinc particles that will not shrink.

Dry ice blasting

Q I would appreciate comments on experiences with dry ice blast-

ers vs. the traditional blast-cleaning methods.

A I can tell you from witnessing demonstrations that it is a very

slow process compared to dry or wet blast. Also, dry ice blasting will not create an anchor prof i le. I’m sure it’s advantageous in some situations. There will be no profile from the dry ice blasting, but you will get a very clean surface. !


NACE Coatings Course ScheduleCIP LEVEL 1April 1-6, 2012 Houston, TXApril 2-7, 2012 Chennai, IndiaApril 8-13, 2012 Shanghai, ChinaApril 15-20, 2012 St. Louis, MOApril 15-20, 2012 Anaheim, CAApril 15-20, 2012 Houston, TXApril 15-20, 2012 Albuquerque, NMApril 16-21, 2012 Bogota, ColombiaApril 16-21, 2012 Darwin, NT, AustraliaApril 16-21, 2012 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaApril 19-24, 2012 Yokosuka, JapanApril 22-27, 2012 Virginia Beach, VAApril 22-27, 2012 Anchorage, AKApril 22-27, 2012 Houston, TXApril 23-28, 2012 Maracaibo, VenezuelaApril 23-28, 2012 Kochi, Kerala, IndiaApril 29-May 4, 2012 Orlando, FLApril 29-May 4, 2012 Houston, TXApril 30-May 5, 2012 Mumbai, IndiaMay 6-11, 2012 New Orleans, LAMay 6-11, 2012 Houston, TXMay 6-11, 2012 Guangzhou, ChinaMay 7-12, 2012 Chennai, IndiaMay 7-12, 2012 Adelaide, SA, AustraliaMay 14-29, 2012 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMay 19-24, 2012 Houston, TXMay 20-25, 2012 Houston, TXMay 20-25, 2012 Dubai, U.A.E.May 20-25, 2012 Shanghai, ChinaMay 20-25, 2012 Novara, ItalyJune 3-8, 2012 Houston, TXJune 3-8, 2012 Waipahu, HIJune 10-15, 2012 Newington, NHJune 10-15, 2012 Shanghai, ChinaJune 11-16, 2012 Veracruz, MexicoJune 17-22, 2012 Houston, TXJune 18-23, 2012 Harrogate, U.K. June 18-23, 2012 Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaJune 21-26, 2012 Imabari, JapanJune 24-29, 2012 Houston, TXJune 30-July 5, 2012 Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCIP ExAm COURSE 1April 1-3, 2012 Houston, TXApril 11-13, 2012 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K.June 10-12, 2012 Houston, TX

CIP LEVEL 2April 1-6, 2012 Vallejo, CAApril 2-7, 2012 Beijing, ChinaApril 15-20, 2012 Shanghai, ChinaApril 21-26, 2012 Doha, QatarApril 22-27, 2012 Edmonton, AB, CanadaApril 22-27, 2012 Anaheim, CAApril 22-27, 2012 St. Louis, MOApril 23-28, 2012 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaApril 29-May 4, 2012 Virginia Beach, VAApril 29-May 4, 2012 Anchorage, AKApril 29-May 4, 2012 Houston, TXMay 6-11, 2012 Orlando, FLMay 7-12, 2012 Mumbai, IndiaMay 13-18, 2012 New Orleans, LAMay 13-18, 2012 Guangzhou, ChinaMay 14-19, 2012 Chennai, India

May 14-19, 2012 Adelaide, AustraliaMay 14-19, 2012 Quito, EcuadorMay 21-26, 2012 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMay 23-28, 2012 Yokosuka, JapanMay 26-31, 2012 Dubai, U.A.E.May 27-June 1, 2012 Shanghai, ChinaJune 10-15, 2012 Houston, TX June 10-15, 2012 Waipahu, HI June 17-22, 2012 Shanghai, China June 17-22, 2012 Newington, NH June 18-23, 2012 Veracruz, Mexico June 18-23, 2012 Johannesburg, South Africa June 24-29, 2012 Houston, TX CIP ExAm COURSE 2April 4-6, 2012 Houston, TXJune 13-15, 2012 Houston, TX

CIP LEVEL 2, mARITImE EmPHASISApril 21-26, 2012 Dammam, Saudi ArabiaMay 13-18, 2012 Houston, TX

June 2-7, 2012 Dammam, Saudi Arabia

CIP PEER REVIEwApril 6-9, 2012 Vallejo, CAApril 6-9, 2012 Houston, TXApril 9-12, 2012 Lima, PeruApril 27-30, 2012 St. Louis, MOApril 27-30, 2012 Anaheim, CAApril 27-30, 2012 Edmonton, AB, CanadaApril 28-May 1, 2012 Doha, QatarMay 4-7, 2012 Anchorage, AKMay 4-7, 2012 Houston, TXMay 4-7, 2012 Virginia Beach, VAMay 11-14, 2012 Orlando, FLMay 18-21, 2012 New Orleans, LAJune 4-8, 2012 Yokosuka, Japan June 15-18, 2012 Houston, TX June 15-18, 2012 Waipahu, HI June 17-20, 2012 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil June 22-25, 2012 Newington, NH June 29-July 2, 2012 Houston, TX

CIP ONE DAy BRIDGE COURSEApril 7, 2012 Houston, TXApril 21, 2012 Edmonton, AB, CanadaApril 21, 2012 St. Louis, MOApril 28, 2012 Virginia Beach, VAMay 26, 2012 Houston, TXCOATINGS IN CONjUNCTION wITH CATHODIC PROTECTIONMay 13-18, 2012 Houston, TXMay 13-18, 2012 Waipahu, HIMay 26-31, 2012 Dammam, Saudi ArabiaJune 24-29, 2012 Houston, TX NUCLEAR POwER PLANT TRAINING FOR COATING INSPECTORSApril 30-May 4, 2012 Houston, TXPCS 1 BASIC PRINCIPLESApril 15-17, 2012 Houston, TXMay 7-9, 2012 Amarillo, TXMay 20-22, 2012 Houston, TXPCS 2 ADVANCEDApril 18-20, 2012 Houston, TXMay 23-25, 2012 Houston, TX


Coatings ResourcesNACE International Technical Committees Need You!• Help influence industry standards. • Exchange technical information. • Strengthen your leadership skills.

As a NACE International member, you can sign up online to join a committee—go to the NACE Committees section at www.nace.org to join an STG or TEG. Contact the chair of a TG to indicate interest in that type of committee.

Types of Committees• Specific Technology Groups (STGs) • Task Groups (TGs) • Technology Exchange Groups (TEGs)

TECHNICAL COmmITTEES

Committee Description Scope/Assignment

STG 02 Coatings and Linings, Protective: Atmospheric Scope: Determine uses, application, and performance of coatings for atmo-spheric service. Atmospheric service denotes industrial and commercial equipment, architectural structures, and bridges.

TG 146 Coatings, Thermal-Spray Assignment: Review and revise joint standard NACE No. 12/AWS C2.23M/SSPC-CS 23.00, “Specification for the Application of Thermal Spray Coatings (Metalizing) of Aluminum, Zinc, and their Alloys and Composites for the Cor-rosion Protection of Steel.”

TG 148 Threaded Fasteners: Coatings for Protection of Threaded Fasteners Used with Structural Steel, Piping, and Equipment

Assignment: Revise NACE Publication 02107, “Coatings for Protection of Threaded Fasteners Used with Structural Steel, Piping, and Equipment.”

TEG 192x Coating Industry Problems Confronting Owners and Contractors

Assignment: To provide a format for handling problems and issues that affect the owner and contractor utilizing coatings. Problems and issues may include hazardous waste, volatile organic compounds, applicator training, federal and state regulations, and others that may develop.

TEG 255x Coatings, Thermal-Spray for Corrosion Protection Assignment: Exchange of information regarding thermal-spray coatings (TSCs)used for corrosion protection.

TG 260 Review of NACE Standard TM0304-2004 Assignment: Review and revise as necessary the test methods in NACE Stan-dard TM0304.

TEG 311x Threaded Fasteners: Coatings and Methods of Protection for Threaded Fasteners Used with Structural Steel, Piping, and Equipment

Assignment: Share information concerning, and discuss effective methods for, corrosion control of fasteners used with structural, piping, and equipment connections.

TG 312 Offshore Platform Coatings for Atmospheric and Splash Zone New Construction

Assignment: Review and revise as necessary the test methods in NACE Stan-dard TM0404.

TG 340 Offshore Coating Condition Assessment for Maintenance Planning

Assignment: Develop a standard practice addressing a standard method and grading system to assess the in-service condition of offshore coatings. Provide direction regarding the use of assessment data in managing maintenance painting programs. The documented process will serve as an aid in the plan-ning, budget, and execution of offshore maintenance programs.

TEG 346x Offshore Coatings: Laboratory Testing Criteria Assignment: Review and critique laboratory testing methods designed to predict performance in an offshore environment. Assess test variables and gather data needed to improve industry standard techniques.

TEG 399x Evaluation, Testing, and Specifying Coating Materials for Elevated Temperatures for Insulated and Uninsulated Service

Assignment: Exchange information, create a task group for state-of-the-art report, followed by formation of a task group to write a standard practice, and sponsor symposium.

TG 415 Review and Revise as Necessary NACE Standard RP0281-2004

Assignment: Review and revise if necessary NACE Standard RP0281-2004, “Method for Conducting Coating (Paint) Panel Evaluation Testing in Atmospheric Exposures.”

TG 422 Coatings for Elevated-Temperature Insulated or Noninsulated Exterior Service

Assignment: To write a state-of-the-art report.

TEG 424x Insulative Coatings Assignment: To discuss issues of spray-applied insulative coatings for elevated-temperature exterior surfaces.

TEG 428x Hot-Dip Galvanizing for Steel Corrosion Protection Assignment: To discuss and furnish technical information on the process of hot-dip galvanizing and its use as a corrosion protection system for steel fabrications as well as the inspection of hot-dip galvanized coatings with other corrosion protection systems.

TG 457 Review of NACE Standard RP0297-2004 Assignment: To review and revise as necessary NACE Standard RP0297-2004, “Maintenance Painting of Electrical Substation Apparatus Including Flow Coating of Transformer Radiators.”

STG 03 Coatings and Linings, Protective: Immersion and Buried Service

Scope: Determine effectiveness, performance criteria, and quality needs of immersion coatings and lining materials used in immersion service.

TG 009 Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Linings for Aboveground Storage Tank Floors

Assignment: To develop a standard practice for installing fiberglass-reinforced plastic linings within aboveground storage tanks.


Coatings ResourcesCommittee Description Scope/Assignment

TG 031 Pipeline Coating, Plant-Applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy: Review of NACE Standard RP0394

Assignment: To update and revise NACE Standard RP0394-2002, “Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant-Applied, Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipe Coating.”

TG 034 Pipeline Coatings, External: Gouge Test Assignment: To write a test method and criteria for evaluation of gouge resistance of a particular coating.

TG 037 Pipelines, Oilfield: Thermoplastic Liners Assignment: To review and revise NACE Standard RP0304-2004 as necessary.

TG 141 Coatings and Linings over Concrete for Chemical Immersion and Containment Service

Assignment: To update SP0892-2007 to incorporate current technologies and practices to successfully protect concrete.

TG 246 Thin-Film Organic Linings Applied to Process Vessels and Tankages

Assignment: Develop application technology for applying thin-film linings to prevent corrosion, hydrogen-induced cracking, or other corrosion deterioration by internal corrosion mechanisms.

TG 247 Reaffirm NACE Standard RP0105-2005 Assignment: To reaffirm NACE Standard RP0105-2005, “External Repair, Rehabilita-tion, and Weld Joints on Pipelines.”

TG 248 Coatings, Heat-Shrink Sleeves for External Repair, Rehabilitations, and Weld Joints on Pipelines

Assignment: To review and revise as needed NACE Standard RP0303-2003, “Field-Applied Heat-Shrinkable Sleeves for Pipelines: Application, Perfor-mance, and Quality Control.”


Assignment: Review and revise as necessary NACE Standard RP0402-2002, “Field-Applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE) Pipe Coating Systems for Girth Weld Joints: Application, Performance, and Quality Control.”

TG 250 Coal-Tar Enamel Coatings for External Repair, Rehabilitations, and Weld Joints on Pipelines

Assignment: Review and revise/reaffirm as necessary NACE Standard RP0602-2002, “Field-Applied External Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating Systems: Applica-tion, Performance, and Quality Control.”

TG 263 Review of NACE Standard TM0104-2004 Assignment: Review and revise as necessary the test methods in NACE Stan-dard TM0104-2004.

TG 264 Offshore Exterior Submerged Coatings: Standard Test Methods

Assignment: Review and revise as necessary the test methods in NACE Stan-dard TM0204.

TG 281 Coatings, Polyurethane for Field Repair, Rehabilitation, and Girth Weld Joints on Pipelines

Assignment: To develop a standard practice for a minimal specification for the field application, repair, and testing for a polyurethane coating to be used on the exterior of buried pipelines.


Assignment: To review and revise as necessary NACE Standard RP0399-2004, “Plant-Applied External Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating Systems: Application, Performance, and Quality Control.”

TG 336 External Pipeline Coatings: Practices, Test Methods, and/or Test Methodologies for High-Operating-Temperature Pipelines, Immersion and Buried Service Only

Assignment: Develop a technical committee report that outlines state-of-the-art practices as described in the title.

TG 337 External Pipeline Coatings: Field Installation and Inspection Criteria for Maximum Performance

Assignment: Develop a standard practice that identifies common aspects of field installation pertaining to quality installation and long-term performance.

TEG 349x Cathodic Disbondment Test Methods: Critical Review of the Existing International Standards

Assignment: Evaluate all the well-known test standards on the cathodic disbondment test method for pipeline coating and water immersion service from ASTM and ISO to make recommendations for improvement to ASTM. The TEG will present a few papers on this subject to encourage ASTM to modify their existing standards.

TEG 351x Coatings Under Insulation Material Testing Procedure Recommendations: Discussion

Assignment: Discussion of the development of a recommended test procedure for qualification of coatings used under insulation service.

TG 352 Coating Systems (External) for Pipeline Directional Drill Applications

Assignment: To develop a standard practice for minimum specifications for external coatings for use in directional drill service.

TG 353 External Pipeline Coatings: Multi-Layer Polyolefin Coating Systems

Assignment: Develop a standard to describe requirements for multi-layer polyolefin coating systems for pipelines.

TEG 354x Pipeline Coatings: Underground Blistering Assignment: Discuss blistering of underground pipeline coatings, causes of blistering, and prevention methods.

TG 425 State of the Art in CUI Coating Systems Assignment: Describe available systems, performance, and industry-accepted criteria for coatings under insulation.

TEG 435x Effects of Bioethanols on Fused Silica Containment Vessels in Immersion and Phase Change Exposures

Assignment: To hold technical information exchanges (TIEs) on the effects of bioethanols, aromatic ethanols, and sulfurous emissions on fused silica containment vessels.


Assignment: To review and update as necessary NACE Standard RP0288-2004, “Inspection of Linings on Steel and Concrete.”



STG 04 Coatings and Linings, Protective: Surface Preparation Scope: Determine effectiveness, performance criteria, and quality needs of various methods of surface preparation for the application of coatings and linings.

TG 006 Blasting: Review of Joint Standards NACE 1-4/SSPC-SP 5, 10, 6, and 7, and NACE No. 8/SSPC-SP 14

Assignment: To review, revise, or reaffirm as necessary joint blasting standards NACE No. 1-4/SSPC-SP 5, 10, 6, 7: “White Metal Blast Cleaning,” “Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning,” “Commercial Blast Cleaning,” and “Brush-Off Blast Clean-ing,” and NACE No. 8/SSPC-SP 14, “Industrial Blast Cleaning.”

TG 275 Surface Preparation of Metals to WJ-1 (Clean to Bare Substrate) by High-Pressure Waterjetting

Assignment: Develop a standard practice for surface preparation of metals to WJ-1 by high-pressure waterjetting. This standard will be based on informa-tion provided in NACE No. 5/SSPC-SP 12, “Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to Recoating.”

TG 276 Surface Preparation of Metals to WJ-2 (Very Thorough or Substantial Cleaning) by High-Pressure Waterjetting


TG 277 Surface Preparation of Metals to WJ-3 (Thorough Cleaning) by High-Pressure Waterjetting


TG 278 Surface Preparation of Metals to WJ-4 (Light Cleaning) by High-Pressure Waterjetting


TG 323 Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning Assignment: To review and update joint technical committee report NACE 6G198/SSPC-TR 2, “Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning.”

TG 350 Surface Preparation by Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning Assignment: Develop a standard for wet abrasive blast cleaning of steel surfaces that will complement the existing NACE/SSPC joint standards for dry abrasive blast cleaning.

TG 417 Review and Revise as Necessary Joint Surface Preparation Standard NACE No. 6/SSPC-SP 13

Assignment: Review and revise as necessary joint standard NACE No. 6/SSPC-SP 13, “Surface Preparation of Concrete,” to reflect current industry practices and to reflect proper reference to other industry publications.

TG 418 Risk Assessment for Salt Contamination Assignment: To develop a standard practice to define levels of soluble salt contamination on surfaces and to provide methods to assess the level of risk inherent in the different levels, leading to decision-making based on cost/benefit analysis.


Assignment: Review and revise as necessary RP0287-2002, “Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast-Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using a Replica Tape,” and to include other methods of profile measurement now being widely used throughout the industry.

TEG 423x Nonvisible, Nonwater-Soluble Contaminants Affecting Corrosion Protection

Assignment: Discuss the effects of coating performance when applied over nonvisible, nonwater-soluble contaminants and their effects on coating performance.

TG 443 Field Testing for Soluble Salts: Commonly Used Methods

Assignment: Develop a technical committee report detailing commonly used soluble salts field test methods.

STG 43 Transportation, Land Scope: To promote the development of techniques to extend the life of land transportation equipment.

TG 061 Revision of NACE SP0592 (formerly RP0592), “Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Railway Tank Cars in Concentrated (90-98%) Sulfuric Acid Service”

Assignment: To update and revise NACE SP0592 (formerly RP0592), “Applica-tion of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Railway Tank Cars in Concentrated (90-98%) Sulfuric Acid Service.”

TG 063 Railcars: Corrosion Protection and Control Program Assignment: Develop guidelines for railcar lining requalification.

TEG 064x Railcar Surface Preparation Assignment: To keep abreast of industry changes and techniques and report findings annually.

TG 271 Removal Procedures for Nonvisible Contaminants on Railcar Surfaces

Assignment: To prepare a technical committee report describing surface decontamination for railcars prior to coating application.

TEG 291x Land Transportation: Information Exchange on Corrosion and Coating-Related Issues

Assignment: Technical information exchange in conjunction with an STG meeting.

TG 332 Review and Revise or Reaffirm as Necessary NACE SP0386-2007

Assignment: To review and revise as necessary NACE SP0386-2007, “Applica-tion of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of Covered Steel Hopper Railcars in Plastic, Food, and Chemical Service.”



TG 333 Review and Revise or Reaffirm as Necessary NACE SP0295-2008

Assignment: To review and revise or reaffirm NACE SP0295-2008, “Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Rail Tank Cars.”

TG 339 Railcars: Coating Application on Exterior Surfaces of Steel Railcars

Assignment: Review and revise as appropriate NACE Standard RP0692-2003, “Application of a Coating System to Exterior Surfaces of Steel Rail Cars.”

TG 366 Railcars: Corrosion Under Tank Car Insulation Assignment: Review and revise as appropriate NACE Publication 14C296 to ensure information is still relevant.

TG 378 Waterborne Coatings on Railcars Assignment: To prepare a state-of-the-art report on waterborne coatings on railcars.

TG 379 Surface Preparation by Encapsulated Blast Media for Repair of Existing Coatings on Railcars

Assignment: To prepare a state-of-the-art report on surface preparation by encapsulated blast media for repair of existing coatings on railcars.

TG 394 Guidelines for Qualifying Personnel as Abrasive Blasters and Coating and Lining Applicators in the Rail Industry

Assignment: To review and revise NACE Standard RP0495-2003.

TG 406 Review of NACE SP0398-2006 Assignment: Review and revise as necessary NACE SP0398-2006 (formerly RP0398), “Recommendations for Training and Qualifying Personnel as Railcar Coating and Lining Inspectors.”

TG 437 Maintenance Overcoating of Railcar Exteriors Assignment: To prepare a state-of-the-art report for the application of maintenance overcoating of railcar exteriors.

TG 444 Guidelines for Data Collection and Analysis of Railroad Tank Car Interior Coating/Lining Condition

Assignment: To produce a standard that provides guidelines for inspecting, rating, and documenting the condition of interior coatings and linings in railroad tank cars to comply with HM-201.

TG 451 Corrosion-Resistant Non-Skid Surfaces for Railcar Exteriors

Assignment: Produce a standard that defines and addresses the essential properties and specifications for corrosion-resistant non-skid surfaces on railcar exteriors.

TG 456 Coating Thickness Measurement, Methods, and Recording—Specific to the Railcar Industry

Assignment: Prepare a state-of-the-art report outlining currently used procedures for dry film thickness measurement and recording for coatings on railcars.

STG 44 Marine Corrosion: Ships and Structures Scope: To study the corrosion mechanisms, causes, effects, and corrosion control remedies for ships, structures, and equipment exposed to marine environments and to disseminate information in the form of industry stan-dards and formal and informal technical information exchanges on the re-search, development, and performance of materials, coatings, and improved or innovative methods to mitigate problems related to marine corrosion.

TEG 181x Marine Vessel Corrosion Assignment: To study the causes, effects, and remedies of corrosion in various marine vessels.

TG 402 PSPC Coating Technical File Standard Practice Assignment: To develop a standard outlining required components of the IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings (PSPC) Coating Technical File (CTF) for collection during construction, delivery after construction, and on-board maintenance documentation.

TG 403 Antifouling Coatings and Other Tools Used for Hull Resistance Management of Ship Hulls

Assignment: To write a standard on requirements for protective coatings systems and other mitigating solutions to prevent and mitigate fouling cor-rosion on ship hulls and related components.

TG 452 Testing of Coating Suitability, Anode Consumption, and Corrosion Evaluation with Use of BWT Systems

Assignment: To write a standard on evaluation of risk for damage to coatings, increased anode consumption, and corrosion in conjunction with the use of ballast water treatment (BWT) systems.

TG 461 Standard for Hull Roughness Measurements on Ship Hulls in Dry Dock

Assignment: To develop a standard on how to perform both in-docking hull roughness readings (before blasting and cleaning in dry dock) and before out-docking hull roughness readings.

Ad Hoc xx Pictorial Standard for Underwater Evaluation of Degrees of Fouling

Assignment: To develop a pictorial standard to be used to evaluate the (1) extent, (2) location, and (3) type of fouling to ship hulls and propellers.

STANDARDS & REPORTS

Atmospheric Service

Standards Item Number

SP0108-2008 Corrosion Control of Offshore Structures by Protective Coatings 21126

RP0281-2004 Method for Conducting Coating (Paint) Panel Evaluation Testing in Atmospheric Exposures 21026

RP0297-2004 Maintenance Painting of Electrical Substation Apparatus Including Flow Coating of Transformer Radiators

21081


Coatings ResourcesNACE No. 12/AwS C2.23m/SSPC-CS 23.00

Specification for the Application of Thermal Spray Coatings (Metallizing) of Aluminum, Zinc, and Their Alloys and Composites for the Corrosion Protection of Steel (RP0203-2003)

21100

Tm0304-2004 Offshore Platform Atmospheric and Splash Zone Maintenance Coating System Evaluation

21245

Tm0404-2004 Offshore Platform Atmospheric and Splash Zone New Construction Coating System Evaluation

21246

Reports Item Number

NACE Publication 80200/SSPC-TR 4 Preparation of Protective Coating Specifications for Atmospheric Service 24209

NACE Publication 02103 Liquid-Applied Coatings for High-Temperature Atmospheric Service 24219

NACE Publication 02203/ICRI Technical Guideline 03741/SSPC-TR 5

Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Protective Polymer Flooring Systems for Concrete 24220

Immersion/Buried Service


RP0274-2004 High-Voltage Electrical Inspection of Pipeline Coatings Prior to Installation 21010

RP0375-2006 Field-Applied Underground Wax Coating Systems for Underground Pipelines: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

21013

SP0185-2007 (formerly RP0185) Extruded Polyolefin Resin Coating Systems with Soft Adhesives for Underground or Submerged Pipe

21029

SP0111-2011 Coating Technical File in Accordance with the IMO Performance Standard 21153

SP0188-2006 (formerly RP0188) Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates 21038

RP0288-2004 Inspection of Linings on Steel and Concrete 21039

SP0490-2007 (formerly RP0490) Holiday Detection of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipeline Coatings of 250 to 760 µm (10 to 30 mil)

21045

SP0892-2007 (formerly RP0892) Linings over Concrete for Chemical Immersion and Containment Service 21060

RP0394-2002 Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant-Applied, Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipe Coating

21064

SP0298-2007 (formerly RP0298) Sheet Rubber Linings for Abrasion and Corrosion Service 21085

RP0399-2004 Plant-Applied, External Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating Systems: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

21089

NACE No. 10/SSPC-PA 6 Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Linings Applied to Bottoms of Carbon Steel Aboveground Storage Tanks (RP0202-2002)

21093

RP0402-2002 Field-Applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE) Pipe Coating Systems for Girth Weld Joints: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

21096

RP0105-2005 Liquid-Epoxy Coatings for External Repair, Rehabilitation, and Weld Joints on Buried Steel Pipelines

21106

SP0181-2006 (formerly RP0181) Liquid-Applied Internal Protective Coatings for Oilfield Production Equipment 21025

RP0602-2002 Field-Applied Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating Systems: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

21098

NACE No. 11/SSPC-PA 8 Thin-Film Organic Linings Applied in New Carbon Steel Process Vessels (RP0103-2003) 21099

RP0303-2003 Field-Applied Heat-Shrinkable Sleeves for Pipelines: Application, Performance, and Quality Control

21101

RP0304-2004 Design, Installation, and Operation of Thermoplastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines 21103

Tm0174-2002 Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of Protective Coatings and Lining Materials on Metallic Substrates in Immersion Service

21206

Tm0102-2002 Measurement of Protective Coating Electrical Conductance on Underground Pipelines

21241

Tm0104-2004 Offshore Platform Ballast Water Tank Coating System Evaluation 21243

Tm0204-2004 Exterior Protective Coatings for Seawater Immersion Service 21244

SP0109-2009 Field Application of Bonded Tape Coatings for External Repair, Rehabilitation, and Weld Joints on Buried Metal Pipelines

21143

Tm0109-2009 Aboveground Survey Techniques for the Evaluation of Underground Pipeline Coating Condition

21254


Coatings ResourcesSurface Preparation


SP0178-2007 (formerly RP0178) Fabrication Details, Surface Finish Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to Be Lined for Immersion Service

21022

RP0287-2002 Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using a Replica Tape

21035

Tm0105-2005 Test Procedures for Organic-Based Conductive Coating Anodes for Use on Concrete Structures

21247

NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning (SP0494-2007) 21065

NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP 10 Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning (SP0594-2007) 21066

NACE No. 3/SSPC-SP 6 Commercial Blast Cleaning (SP0694-2007) 21067

NACE No. 4/SSPC-SP 7 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning (SP0794-2007) 21068

NACE No. 5/SSPC-SP 12 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to Recoating (RP0595-2002)

21076

NACE No. 6/SSPC-SP 13 Surface Preparation of Concrete (RP0397-2003) 21082

NACE No. 8/SSPC-SP 14 Industrial Blast Cleaning (SP0299-2007) 21088

NACE No. 13/SSPC-ACS-1 Industrial Coating and Lining Application Specialist Qualification and Certification 21122

SP0508-2010 Methods of Validating Equivalence to ISO 8502-9 on Measurement of the Levels of Soluble Salts

21134

Reports Item Number

NACE Publication 6A192/SSPC-TR 3 Dehumidification and Temperature Control During Surface Preparation, Application, and Curing for Coatings/Linings of Steel Tanks, Vessels, and Other Enclosed Spaces

24083

NACE Publication 6G194/SSPC-TR 1 Thermal Precleaning 24183

NACE Publication 6G197/SSPC-TU 2 Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Coating Systems for Concrete Used in Secondary Containment

24193

NACE Publication 6G198/SSPC-TR 2 Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning 24199

Land Transportation


SP0386-2007 (formerly RP0386) Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of Covered Steel Hopper Rail Cars in Plastic, Food, and Chemical Service

21033

SP0592-2006 (formerly RP0592) Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Rail Tank Cars in Concentrated (90 to 98%) Sulfuric Acid Service

21057

RP0692-2003 Application of a Coating System to Exterior Surfaces of Steel Rail Cars 21058

SP0295-2008 (formerly RP0295) Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Rail Tank Cars 21070

RP0495-2003 Guidelines for Qualifying Personnel as Abrasive Blasters and Coating and Lining Applicators in the Rail Industries

21072

SP0398-2006 (formerly RP0398) Recommendations for Training and Qualifying Personnel as Coating Inspectors in the Railcar Industry

21086

SP0302-2007 (formerly RP0302) Selection and Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Rail Tank Cars in Molten Sulfur Service

21095

Reports Item Number

NACE Publication 14C296 Protective Coatings for Mitigating Corrosion Under Insulation on Rail Tank Cars 24191

NACE Publication 6G194/SSPC-TR 1 Thermal Precleaning 24183

NACE Publication 6G197/SSPC-TU 2 Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Coating Systems for Concrete Used in Secondary Containment

24193

NACE Publication 6G198/SSPC-TR 2 Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning 24199

16 InspectThis! Spring 2012Introducing the 3-Year Warranty on the Model 10/20 Holiday Detector!Introducing the 3-Year Warranty on the Model 10/20 Holiday Detector!Introducing the 3-Year Warranty on the Model 10/20 Holiday Detector!

InspectThis_Spring2012

Documents

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railway tank

nace web site

saudi arabia

girth weld

encapsulated

dry ice blasting

nace standard