DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0383DOI: 10.1098/ rsta.2011.0383 INNOVATION LAB ON SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION Jennie BARRON with Nicole LEFORE and Petra SCHMITTER Stockholm World Water Week 28 th August 2016 Insights and Opportunities from New Field Studies with Small-scale Irrigation in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Ghana
23
Embed
Insights and Opportunities from New Field Studies with Small-scale Irrigation in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Ghana
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GAIN DOES NOT ALWAYS TALLY
(Source data: M. Tesema, T. Ewnetie, H. Mulugeta and D. Tegegne, 2015; A. Abera and M. Blummel 2016)
• Large variability in irrigation applied without significant increases in yield• Most water productive doesnot translate automatically to most economic gain per
input of water• Oats & Vetch and Desho promising irrigated crops (annual vs. perennial)• Tomato seems to give the highest return for the water abstracted assuming water
availaiblity is not a constraint
monitoring of water resources use on landscape scale
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IS AN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE INTESIFICATION.....
• Annual average rainfall: 1450 mm • Runoff = 675mm Þ Recharge is 30% of rainfall at watershed
scale = 400 mmYilak et al in prep.
May, 2014
Jun, 2014
July, 2014
Aug, 2014
Sept, 2014
Oct, 2014
Nov, 2014
Dec., 2014
Jan, 2015
0
100
200
300
400
500Monthly average rechargeMonthly Rainfall , mm
DateRa
infa
ll an
d re
char
ge d
epth
, mm
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
R² = 0.487387350362063
Water storage depth of the well, m
Tota
l Rec
harg
e, m
a
Yilak et al. (in prep)
..BUT SHALLOW GROUNDWATER NEEDS TECHNOLOGIES IN TUNE WITH LANDCSAPE CONTEXT
EMERGING MESSAGES • What technologies, tools and approaches make women and men farmer
profit and improve wellbeing? Water lifting can make profit for men and womenMotorized pump and rope & washer more promising
• How can these be enabled for women and men farmers?Provide solutions addressing labour and genderModels for access to micro finance Promising opportunities in emerging markets such as fodder
• Can adoption be sustainable in landscape and with other water users?Shallow groundwater has great scope for residual moisture and
dry season sustainable intensificationEconomic productivity may be more important than water
productivity to scale
www.feedthefuture.gov
U.S. GOVERNMENT PARTNERS
• ETH Constraints for male and female irrigators in relation to water lifting and water management is different•ETH Variability between farmers in the same site, same technology and same water management is high => continuation needed to confirm preliminary findings•ETH Need for site specific irrigation recommendations: water - labor and land availability whilst making a good economic decision on what to grow•GHA Opportunity for rainwater harvesting and water storage in northern Ghana: for households with rooftops with corrugated iron.
•GHA Shallow wells provide reliable water source for SSI-start planting in September/October each year to meet periods of peak water requirement
•GHA There are serious water deficits at watershed scale: need for 1100 to 1300 mm to meet irrigation water needs throughout the dry season
•GHA Challenges with use of WFD - farmers and AEAs require additional training
• TZ Farmers should receive adequate training on how to operate, repair and maintain the Water lifting and water use technologies •TZ Develop and proactively enforce policies, regulations and by-laws to protect water use structures•TZ Farmers must have access to credit tailored to their conditions.•TZ The local government must devise strategic means of availing financial resources to in invest in water lifting and water use technologies •TZ Strengthening the local water governance institutions such as WUAs is important for sustainable up-scaling of WUTs.
CONCLUSIONS
NicoleL
gender difference in priorities for water sources and technologies for Ghana and Ethiopia
NicoleL
but high labor cost and not gender equitable; health risk and risk of drowing for children - just to caution before someone takes this as a recommendation.
MAIN ACTIVITIES
• GW/SW use: manual/& motorized water lifting devices (pulley, rope and washer, petrol & solar pump)
• Gender: female & male irrigators• Irrigation management