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University College of Agriculture, B.Z.University, Multan 1
Current Scenario of Insecticide ResistanceCurrent Scenario of Insecticide Resistanceinin
Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigera (H(H bner)bner) againstagainst
ConventionalConventionalInsecticidesInsecticides
Umair Faheem,Umair Faheem,Mushtaq A. Saleem, Attaullah K. Pathan, Ghulam M.Mushtaq A. Saleem, Attaullah K. Pathan, Ghulam M.
Cheema and Adeel RehanCheema and Adeel Rehan
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WhyWhy H. armigeraH. armigera ??Commonly known as American bollworm.Commonly known as American bollworm.H. armigeraH. armigera is one the most notorious pestis one the most notorious pestof crops.of crops.Mainly controlled by the application of Mainly controlled by the application of insecticides.insecticides.Application of insecticides has manyApplication of insecticides has manyproblems;problems;
Toxicity to plants and non-target organisms Toxicity to plants and non-target organismsPest resurgencePest resurgenceSecondary pest outbreakSecondary pest outbreakInsecticide resistanceInsecticide resistance
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Resistance inResistance in H. armigeraH. armigera
Insecticide resistance inInsecticide resistance in H. armigeraH. armigera hashasbeen reported throughout the world includingbeen reported throughout the world includingPakistan.Pakistan.Previously high level of resistance has beenPreviously high level of resistance has beenreported in Pakistan against the conventionalreported in Pakistan against the conventionalinsecticides ininsecticides in H. armigeraH. armigera (Ahmad et al.(Ahmad et al.1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001).1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001).
Area under Bt. Cotton and use of newArea under Bt. Cotton and use of newchemistry insecticides is increasing.chemistry insecticides is increasing.
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ExperimentExperiment
Laboratory conditionsLaboratory conditionsStudyStudy areasareas
MultanMultanBahawalpurBahawalpur
D. G. KhanD. G. KhanR. Y. KhanR. Y. Khan
InsecticidesInsecticidesendosulfanendosulfanprofenofosprofenofos
carbosulfancarbosulfandeltamethrindeltamethrin
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Insect RearingInsect Rearing
InsectsInsectsCollectionCollectionRearingRearingFF11 generationgeneration
22 ndnd instarinstar
2 nd instarlarva
Artificialdiet
Pupal
chamber
Nappy liners for egglaying
H. armigera
moths
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Very lowVery low 5-10 fold5-10 foldLowLow 10-20 fold10-20 foldModerateModerate 20-50 fold20-50 foldHighHigh 50-100 fold50-100 foldVery HighVery High 100-above fold100-above fold
Interpretat on o Res stancen erpre a on o es s anceLevelsLevels
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ompar son oompar son oSusceptibilitySusceptibility
Comparison of Susceptibility of Lab-PK strain of Helicoverpa armigera against Different Insecticides
4.40
23.30
14.21
5.30 4.42
17.66
6.13 6.12
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
endosulfan profenofos carbosulfan deltamethrin
L C
5 0
Leaf dip
Topical
Most ToxicInsecticides
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Res stance aga nstes s ance aga nsendosulfanendosulfan
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
16001800
Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan
L C
5 0
Leaf dip
Topical
Comparative studies on LC 50 values of endosulfan by two bioassay methods
against Helicoverpa armigera
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es s ance aga nses s ance aga nscarbosulfancarbosulfan
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan
L C
5 0
Leaf dip
Topical
Comparative studies on LC 50 values of carbosulfan by two bioassay methods
against Helicoverpa armigera
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Res stance aga nstes s ance aga nsdeltamethrindeltamethrin
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Lab-PK D.G.Khan Bahawalpur R.Y.Khan Multan
L C
5 0
Leaf dip
Topical
Comparative studies on LC 50 values of deltamethrin by two bioassay methods
against Helicoverpa armigera
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Resistance RatioResistance RatioLeaf dipLeaf dip TopicalTopical
endosulfanendosulfan D.G. KhanD.G. Khan 2323 1212BahawalpurBahawalpur 0202 0505R.Y. KhanR.Y. Khan 2727 3636MultanMultan 0505 1616
profenofosprofenofos D.G. KhanD.G. Khan 1313 6565
BahawalpurBahawalpur 0202 0202R.Y. KhanR.Y. Khan 0707 0909MultanMultan 0707 3232
carbosulfancarbosulfan D.G. KhanD.G. Khan 1212 2727BahawalpurBahawalpur 0909 3333R.Y. KhanR.Y. Khan 6464 105105MultanMultan 0606 1919
deltamethrindeltamethrin D.G. KhanD.G. Khan 108108 3535BahawalpurBahawalpur 0707 2121R.Y. KhanR.Y. Khan 2929 3333MultanMultan 6565 1313
ompar son o es s anceompar son o es s anceRatiosRatios
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endosulfanendosulfan profenofosprofenofoscarbosulfancarbosulfan
Leaf dipLeaf dip TopicalTopical Leaf dipLeaf dip TopicalTopical Leaf dipLeaf dip TopicalTopical
profenofosprofenofos 0.760.76 0.050.05
0.060.06 nsns
carbosulfancarbosulfan 0.740.74 0.050.05 0.920.92 0.010.01 0.190.19 nsns -0.16-0.16 nsns
deltamethrindeltamethrin 0.540.54 0.050.05 0.910.91 0.050.05 0.960.96 0.010.01 0.510.51 0.050.05 -0.08-0.08 nsns 0.670.67 0.050.05
Cross ResistanceCross Resistance
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ConclusionConclusion
Insecticide resistance has mostly prevailed at low toInsecticide resistance has mostly prevailed at low tomoderate levels.moderate levels.Avoid spray of carbosulfan at R.Y. Khan andAvoid spray of carbosulfan at R.Y. Khan anddeltamethrin at D.G. Khan to controldeltamethrin at D.G. Khan to control H. armigeraH. armigera ..Multiple resistance was observed in most of the strains.Multiple resistance was observed in most of the strains.No significant difference was observed between theNo significant difference was observed between thetopical and leaf dip bioassay methodtopical and leaf dip bioassay methodRotational use of new chemistry and conventionalRotational use of new chemistry and conventionalinsecticides.insecticides.
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AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Thanks to Pakistan Agricultural Thanks to Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council for providingResearch Council for providingfunding and facilities to conduct thisfunding and facilities to conduct thisresearch.research.
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