Insecta (subphylum Hexapoda) Head + thorax + abdomen One pair of antennae Adults may have wings on thorax Thorax with 6 walking legs Pests, predators, or benign to horticultural crops Collembola ‡ , Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera ^ , Homoptera ^ , Isoptera ‡ , Odonata, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera ^ Diptera*, Coleoptera*, Hymenoptera*, Lepidoptera*, Neuroptera* ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217. ^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. * Be able to distinguish between larvae of these orders with complete metamorphosis. Insect Orders s © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Class: Insecta
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Insecta (subphylum Hexapoda)
Head + thorax + abdomen One pair of antennae Adults may have wings on thorax Thorax with 6 walking legs Pests, predators, or benign to horticultural crops Collembola‡, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera^,
Homoptera^, Isoptera‡, Odonata, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera^ Diptera*, Coleoptera*, Hymenoptera*, Lepidoptera*,
Neuroptera*
‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217. ^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders
of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. * Be able to distinguish between larvae of these orders with complete metamorphosis.
Insect Orders s © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Class: Insecta
Collembola
Springtails No metamorphosis: E, P >> A Chewing mouthparts concealed in head Antennae variable: and with 4-6 segments Abdomen with fork-like tail and clasp Wings absent Small (most < 2 mm) Found in soil, duff, growing media ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Collembola‡
Collembola ‡ : springtails Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Collembola ‡ : springtails Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Dermaptera
Earwigs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Tip of abdomen with large pincers (forceps-like cerci) +/- wings (forewings short and leathery) Small to medium (5-25 mm) Soil, duff, foundations, on plants, in fruit
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Dermaptera
Dermaptera: earwigs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Ephemeroptera
Mayflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A# Mouthparts chewing on larvae & absent on adults Antennae small and bristle-like (setaceous) Elongate abdomen; tip with 2-3 caudal filaments Forewings triangular & 2-3x size of hind wings Adults with conspicuous abdominal appendages for
balance on water Small to quite long (5-35 mm) Aquatic (naiads); adults in wet areas & short lived
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Ephemeroptera
Ephemeroptera: mayfly Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Ephemeroptera: mayfly nymphs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera
True bugs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Piercing-sucking ‘beak’ (originates on anterior of head
and folded under abdomen - opisthognathous) Antennae variable, most with 4-5 segments forewings modified to hemelytra (half leathery) Hind wings entirely membranous Wings form a triangular pattern on scutellum Very small (< 1 mm) to large (> 3 cm) Many habitats; very few are major plant pests
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera
Hemiptera: Dicyphus hesperus: predatory on whitefly, spidermite, and aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: lacebug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: lygus bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: stink bug and western conifer seed bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: Podisus maculiventris (predatory) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: egg hatching Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Hemiptera: Macrolophus caliginosus (predator of whitefly) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Homoptera
Aphids, scales, cicadas, leafhoppers, etc. Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A; (scale incomplete) piercing-sucking ‘beak’ but head orientation varies Antennae variable; usually setaceous Abdomen appendages: aphids have cornicles Most: four uniform membranous wings; variable Most small to medium (1-15 mm); cicadas big Habitat variable; many important plant pests and no
beneficial species
^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Homoptera^
Homoptera: aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Homoptera: cicadas Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: whitefly
Homoptera: mealybug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Homoptera: scale Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: leafhopper
Isoptera
Termites Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae straight, bead-like (moniliform) Abdominal-thoracic connection is broad +/- 4 wings (all similar in size) Small to medium (5-20 mm), different castes Rotting wood, soil, foundations
‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Isoptera‡
Isoptera ‡ : termite Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Odonata
Dragonflies and damselflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts on larvae & adults Antennae small & bristle-like (setaceous) Abdomen long & slender Four large wings, about equal is size, many cross
veins Large insects: most 15-100 mm Aquatic predaceous naiads; adults in wet areas
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Odonata
nymph head
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Odonata: dragonflies
Orthoptera
Grasshoppers & crickets Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Large hind legs (especially the femora); +/- cerci Leathery forewings hide membranous ones +/- Relatively large insects (10-100 mm) Terrestrial plant feeders
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Orthoptera
Orthoptera: grasshopper Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Orthoptera: grasshopper Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Orthoptera: cricket Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Thysanoptera
Thrips Gradual metamorphosis: E, N1, N2, PP1, PP2, A Rasping-sucking, asymmetrical mouthparts Antennae bead-like (moniliform) Abdomen torpedo shaped; no appendages Wings (+/-) large & feathery (long hairs) Very small insects (< 3 mm long) Habitat: on plants (a few are predators of other thrips)
^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.
Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Thysanoptera^
Thysanoptera: thrips Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
Thrips on a magnolia flower
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