Insect classification lab20

University of SulaimaniaSchool of ScienceDepartment of Biology2nd Class Year

20th Lab.

Pterygotes - Neopteran Insects:

Orders Hemiptera and Phthiraptera

Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur

Objectives:

This lecture gives knowledge about Sucking Lice (order Phthiraptera), true bugs, aphids and cicads (Order Hemiptera).

Scientific content: Order Hemiptera

Suborder: Sternorrhyncha (Aphids and Scale insects)Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha (Cicadas)Suborder: Heteroptera (True bugs)

Order: Phthiraptera (Human head louse, human body louse and pubic louse)

Order: Hemiptera• Minute to large insects,• head opisthognathous (homopterans) or prognathous

(heteropterans),• compound eyes usually well developed • antennae filliform with few segments, • mouthparts piercing-sucking type with mandibles and

maxillae in form of stylets enclosed within a labial sheath;

• two pairs of wings usually present with fore wings of harder consistency than hind pair;

• abdomen with 9–11 segments, external genitalia varied in both sexes, cerci absent.

-Homopterans Have an opisthognathous head, a small pronotum, and fore wings (when present) with a uniform texture and held rooflike over the body at rest. - Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha

The two features that characterize this suborder are the complex tympanal organs and antennae whose flagellum is aristoid (hairlike).

Family: CICADIDAE. (Cicads) Cicada spp. - Suborder: Sternorrhyncha

multisegmented, filiform antennae.Family: Coccidae (Scale Insects)Family: Aphididae (Aphids, plant lice, greenfly, and black fly). Aphis spp.

Order Hemiptera divided into two groups; Homoptera and Heteroptera

•

- Suborder: Heteroptera-In Heteroptera the head is usually prognathous, the

pronotum is well developed; and fore wings when present are in the form of hemelytra, with wings held flat over the

body when at rest.

- Family: PENTATOMIDAE (stink bug) - Family: REDUVIIDAE, (Assassin bugs), - Family: Hydrometridae (Water Treaders)- Family: Gerridae (Water Striders)

Heteropterans:

Family: CIMIClDAE, Cimex lectularius (Bedbugs)

• Suborder: Anoplura (sucking Lice)

Family: Pediculidae Hosts: on humans, chimpanzees, and New World monkeys

Pediculus humanus capitis (human head louse)

Pediculus humanus humanus (human body louse)

• Family: Pthiridae Hosts: on humans and gorillas

Pthirus pubis (crab louse or pubic louse).

Order: Phthiraptera

Pediculus humanus capitis (human head louse)

Pediculus humanus humanus (human body louse)

Pthirus pubis (pubic louse).

References:

• David, B. V. and Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (2004). General and Applied Entomology. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw-hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi. India. 1184 p.

• Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.

• Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer, Dordrecht. The Netherlands. 831 pp.

• Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 3, Insects, edited by Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Rosser W. Garrison,

• Resh, Vincent H. & Cardé, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.