Input Devices

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Input Device

Introduction to Input Devices When we work with computer we need to enter data and instructions to the

computer using some devices. These devices are called input devices. These devices convert data and instructions to a form that can be

recognized by the computer. Some of the commonly used input devices are :

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Joystick Microphone Digital camera

What is Input Device?

Input devices are things we use to put information into a computer.

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV.

For example, a keyboard is an input device.

Input devices other than the keyboard are sometimes called alternate input devices.

Mice, trackballs, and light pens are all alternate input devices.

In the picture to the right, is a Logitech trackball mouse is an example of an input device.

Input Devices & Their Uses Input devices are necessary to convert our information or data in to a

form which can be understood by the computer.

A good input device should provide timely, accurate and useful data

to the main memory of the computer for processing followings are the

most useful input devices.

If the hard drive, RAM and processor are the brains of a computer,

the input devices such as the keyboard, mouse and microphone are its

eyes and ears, feeding the computer information and telling it where to

focus its attention.

Without input devices, a computer is a brain with nothing to think

about.

But combined with memory and processing power, they make

computers some of the most valuable pieces of equipment in our lives.

Examples of Input Devices Graphics Tablets

Trackballs

Gamepad

Joystick

Keyboard

Microphone

Mouse

Scanner

Webcam

KEYBOARDIntroduction:

The PC’s keyboard is the primary human input device on the system.

In other words, The keyboard is the primary input device for most software, so learning how to program the keyboard properly is very important to application developers.

Most modern keyboards provide at least 101 different keys.

The keyboard is an input device designed to enter text, characters and other commands into the computer. The keyboard is a way to input letters or numbers into different applications or programs.  A keyboard also has special keys that help operate the computer. The keyboard is the primary way of entering text in a computer, although it may be replaced by handwriting and speech recognition programs in the future. It look like a typewriter and is used for key entry of data into a computer. Keyboards are used to enter data to order fulfilment systems and to interact with electronic catalogs. Most actions you can perform with your mouse can also be performed with your keyboard.

WHAT IS KEYBOARD?

Modern computer keyboards were modelled after, and are still very similar to, classic typewriter keyboards. Many different layouts are available around the world but most keyboards are of the QWERTY type. Keyboards may be wired or wireless but they always communicate with the computer via PS/2or USB connections, usually located on the motherboard. Even though the keyboard sits outside the main computer housing, it is an essential part of the complete system.

Popular Keyboard Manufacturers:Microsoft, Logitech etc.

Keyboard Description:

FUNCTION OF KEYBOARDS:COMPUTER KEYBOARDS SHARE MANY SIMILARITIES TO ANDSOME DIFFERENCES FROM A TYPEWRITER KEYBOARD.

Alphabet layout is basically the same. The location of some punctuation keys is different Additional keys include directional keys and the number pad on the

right. THE BASIC HAND PLACEMENT ON A KEYBOARD TAKES SOME PRACTICE. Rest both thumbs on the space bar.

Starting with the little finger of your left hand on the letter “A”, the other three fingers will rest on the next three letters “S” “D” and “F”.

Skip “G” and “H” and put index finger of your right hand on the “J” key. The other three fingers of your right hand will rest on “K” “L” and the semicolon key.

Notice how you can reach all the other keys quite easily.

Hunting and pecking is good, too. Use whatever is most comfortable to you!

ESC-ESCAPE KEY (In DOS and Windows environments, pressing the Escape key usually cancels or aborts the current operation.)

Space bar TAB moves the document over a set number

of spaces BACKSPACE backs over the document erasing

as it goes. ENTER is a multipurpose key and will either

allow you to enter information on the computer or act as a return carriage key on a typewriter.

Forward slash vs. back slash.

THE BASIC HAND PLACEMENT ON A KEYBOARD TAKES SOME PRACTICE.

FUNCTION OF KEYBOARDS:

THERE ARE SEVERAL SPECIALTY KEYS ON THE KEYBOARD THAT WILL HELP WITH FORMATTING YOUR TYPING AND MAKE SOME COMPUTER STEPS FASTER. MANY CAN BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER KEYS TO CREATE SHORTCUTS FOR SPECIAL ACTIONS. ARROW KEYS will move you anywhere within a

document without making any changes. HOME/END PAGE UP/DOWN INSERT/DELETE Number/directional pad with NUMLOCK on and off Multiple key commands-Many people find it less

efficient to have to take their hands off the keyboard to click buttons with the mouse so there are keyboard shortcuts using two or more keys together (See the Keyboard shortcuts hand-out)

You use both the SHIFT key and the CAPS LOCK key to create upper case letters.

FUNCTION OF KEYBOARDS:

GRAPHICS TABLETA graphics tablet is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-draw images and graphics, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper.

These tablets may also be used to capture data or handwritten signatures.

It can also be used to trace an image from a piece of paper which is taped or otherwise secured to the surface.

Capturing data in this way, either by drawing or entering the angles of linear poly-lines or shapes is called digitizing.

The device consists of a flat surface upon which the user may "draw" or touch an image using an attached stylus, a pen-like drawing device.

The image generally does not appear on the tablet itself but, rather, is displayed on the computer monitor.

History The first electronic handwriting tablet was the Telautograph, patented by Elisha Gray in 1888.

The first graphics tablet like modern tablets and used for handwriting respect by a computer was the Stylator in 1957.

The first digitizer tablet is the RAND Tablet and introduced in 1964.

The acoustic tablet, or spark tablet, used a stylus that generated clicks with a spark plug.

The first home computer graphics tablet was the KoalaPad.

In 1981, musician Todd Rundgren created the first color graphics tablet software for personal computers, which was licensed to Apple as the Utopia Graphics Tablet System.

In the 1980s, several vendors of graphics tablets began to include additional functions, such as handwriting recognition and on-tablet menus.

PUCK After styli, pucks are the most commonly used tablet accessory. A puck is a mouse-like device that can detect its absolute position and rotation. Most tablet drivers are capable of allowing a puck to emulate a mouse in operation, and many pucks are marketed as "mice".

EMBEDDED LCD TABLETS Some graphics tablets incorporate an LCD into the tablet itself, allowing the user to draw directly on the display surface. Graphics tablet/screen hybrids offer advantages over both touch screens and ordinary tablets. Unlike touch screens, they offer pressure sensitivity, and their resolution is generally higher.

STYLI

Uses:-•Graphic tablets can be used in place of a mouse.

•They use the fluid motion and natural positioning of the human hand to its best advantage.

•Using a graphic tablet is as easy and as comfortable as using a pen, pencil or airbrush.

GRAPHIC TABLETS CAN BE USED AT SUCH FIELDS:

•Illustrators, Animators, Photographers & Graphic Designers.

•Industrial Design, Architects & Engineers.

•Medical & Healthcare.

•Education & Training.

•Business & Office.

•Geographic Information Systems Mapping & Control Systems.

INTRODUCTION TO THE MOUSE: A computer mouse is

an input device that is most often used with a personal computer.

Moving a mouse along a flat surface can move the on-screen cursor to different items on the screen.

Items can be moved or selected by pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking). It is called a computer mouse because of the wire that connects the mouse to the computer.

The people who designed the first computer mice thought that it looked like the tail on a mouse.

Today, many computer mice use wireless technology and have no wire.

FORMAL DEFINITION AND INTRODUCTION: A mouse is an external computer

hardware device. It allows a user to control the motion of a computer cursor. It also select objects on the screen by moving and clicking the device. During the 1980’s, computer mice became the dominant way for people to interface with personal computers after testing with various devices showed it to be the most convenient and simple to use. The mouse works on the basic principle that the movement of the device is translated into the movement of the cursor on the screen.

Parts of Mouse:1. Top Casing

2. Right‐Click Cover

3. Left‐Click Cover

4. Scroll Wheel

5. Connecting Wire/Cord

6. Plug

7. Bottom Casing

8. Track Ball

9. Internal Circuit Board

Connecting Wire

Plug

Left‐Click Cover

Right‐Click Cover

Scroll Wheel

Top Casing

USES OF MOUSE On most computers, the user can move the mouse to move the cursor in the same direction. If there is something on the screen that the user wants to choose, he can move the cursor over it and "click" the mouse button. The right mouse button is used to open menus that are different depending on where the cursor is.The other mouse buttons can do different things, depending on the software. A mouse can have 1 to 6 buttons to click, but most mice have two or three. Most mice also have a "scroll wheel" -- a small wheel found between the two main mouse buttons. The user can move the wheel up or down to "scroll" through things like a website or folder, which means to move it up or down on the screen, or he or she can click the wheel down like another button.

SCANNER A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in, and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white only, or color.

Very high resolution scanners are used for scanning for high-resolution printing, but lower resolution scanners are adequate for capturing images for computer display.

Scanners usually come with software, such as Adobe's Photoshop product, that lets you resize and otherwise modify a captured image.

Scanners usually attach to your personal computer with a Small Computer System Interface ( SCSI ). An application such as PhotoShop uses the TWAIN program to read in the image.

Some major manufacturers of scanners include: Epson, Hewlett-Packard, Microtek, and Relisys.

A scanner is used to input paper documents or photos into the computer. They are typically "scanned" as images (like pictures) and stored in TIFF, GIF, or JPG format, and can also be scanned into the Portable Document Format (PDF), or converted to text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR).

THE MANY USES OF A SCANNER:

One of the most useful inventions to come along with the computer age is the scanner. Unlike a photocopier which simply makes a copy of an article, a scanner allows you to preserve a digital image of just about anything you can fit on a scanner bed.

USE OF A COMPUTER SCANNER?

COPYING DOCUMENTS - You can turn a good flatbed scanner into a copying machine by scanning in those receipts and other important documents and then use your printer to have a copy or just keep a digital copy.

SCANNING PHOTOS FOR PRINTING - Photographs are nice especially if you are a professional photographer, but you could use the photos for websites to display your latest DIY project. The images could be used for desktop wallpaper or sending to friends and family through email. Because they are digitized you can use computer software to edit them, and make interesting images on top of the first.

FAXING DOCUMENTS - You can Fax a document that is already in your computer, but if that document is on a sheet of paper, you have a problem. A scanner can scan it in, then you can send it out by using the fax driver.

OCR - Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software is used to convert images to readable text. OCR software usually comes with the scanner.

HERE ARE A FEW THINGS YOU CAN DO WITH A

SCANNER.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES OF SCANNERS?

ADVANTAGES The advantages of using scanners are: It can copy things onto computers then you can alter the things you copied. Flatbed scanners are very accurate and can produce reasonably high quality images Any image which is digitised by the scanner can then be included on electronic documents Images once digitised can be enhanced with a graphics application.

DISADVANTAGES The disadvantages of using scanners is that if there is a blackout, the whole system goes out. Images can take up a lot of memory space Images lose some quality in the scanning and digitising process The quality of the final image is dependent on the quality of the original image.