Input Devices

Assignment # 1 Omer Ejaz, Roll # 09

Date: 19.01.2011

INPUT DEVICES


Subject: Information Technology

Topic: Input Devices

Class: MBA 1st Semester

Roll No.09

Assignment Date: 12.01.2010

Submitted to:

Mr. Touseef Iftikhar

Submitted By:

Omer Ejaz

Date: 19.01.2011


Input DevicesInput devices are things we use to put information INTO a computer.

Keyboard: is the most commonly used input device.

Types of keyboard:

QWERTY KEYBOARD: is the most common type of keyboard. It’s name comes from the first row of letters on the keyboard.

Concept Keyboard:

A concept keyboard is a flat board that contains a grid of buttons. Each button can be programmed to do whatever you want.

POINTING DEVICES: All pointing devices are input devices. Here are types of pointing devices:

The mouse: is also called a pointing device because it enables you to control what happens on the screen by moving the mouse for pointing, clicking and selecting items on the screen.

Date: 19.01.2011


Types of Mouse

Mouse-in-a-Box Wireless Optical

Wireless Connection - RF connection allows you to work freely anywhere within 6 feet of your computer. Optical Technology - Work on nearly any surface with accuracy and ease. Mouse Works Software - Award-winning software allows you to program all 5 buttons.

Orbit Optical Track ball

Technology offers precise, optical tracking and excellent cursor control. The hand-hugging design provides the comfort and support of a mouse with the ease of use of a fingertip-controlled trackball.

Logitech MX310 Optical Mouse

High-resolution sensor measures the smallest motion to give you instant response to even your fastest movements. Ultra-smooth, precise tracking to the sleek silver and black design to the comfortable sculpted shape that fits both left and right hands. A collection of advanced features will streamline frequent tasks like scrolling through long documents, switching between applications, and navigating the web.

Cordless Optical Trackman

A comfortable, cordless, finger-operated trackball that works where you need it. Take advantage of extra buttons that help you navigate around Windows and the web more easily. Virtually maintenance-free precision and smooth tracking.

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No-Hands Mouse

Eliminates wasteful, repetitive "keyboard-to-mouse" hand movements. With the No Hands Mouse, you can have complete control of the cursor without having to take your hands off the keyboard, or your eyes off the monitor. Avoid carpal tunnel syndrome associated with desktop mice. It virtually eliminates stress on the delicate hand-wrist area by moving mouse control to the feet.

A Joystick:

Joysticks were originally used by pilots as part of an aeroplane's controls and the technology was developed to let computer gamers experience a more realistic game environment. You can move joysticks in many directions and the joystick tells the computer which direction it has been moved into. Joysticks can also be used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks and powered wheelchairs.

Joystick Types

Competition

The Competition joystick is most common found joystick in United States arcades in the late eighties and early nineties. It's a micro switch based joystick with a smooth 360 degree circular motion, meaning you can't feel any "corners" as you move it 360 degrees. This joystick comes in 5 different colors: Black, Red, Blue, Green and Yellow.

Perfect 360

The Perfect 360 from Happ Controls uses an optical sensor to sense which direction you are moving the joystick rather than micro switches. It's a very quiet and precise joystick with smooth 360 degrees of motion. The only draw back with this joystick, besides the price, is it comes stock with a fairly tight spring making it tiresome to use for long periods for some people. This joystick only comes in black.

Date: 19.01.2011


Sanwa JLF

The Sanwa JLF Joystick offers quick response and a ball top. This is the preferred joystick in Japan and many U.S. players have adopted this joystick because of it's precise movement and quick reaction time. The default joystick comes with a square gate that really lets you know when you are at a diagonal. The optional Octagon gate makes the joystick more fluid in a 360 degree motion.

A Tracker ball:

It is like an upside- down mouse. The ball is on top of the device and you move it with your thumb.

A Track Point:

It is a small round-shaped cap in the middle of the keyboard, like the pencil eraser.

A trackpad /Touchpad:

It is a small,flat, square pad below the spacebar.

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Graphic tablet/graphic pad:

Graphics tablets are often used by graphics designers and illustrators. Using a graphics tablet, a designer can produce much more accurate drawings on the screen than they could with a mouse or other pointing device. Drawings created using a graphics tablet can be accurate to within hundredths of an inch. A graphics tablet consists of a flat pad (the tablet) on which you draw with a special pen. As you draw on the pad, the image is created on the screen. The graphic tablet is used mainly for computer aided designs.

SCANNERS:

Scanners can be used to convert images or text on paper into a digital format that can be used by computer.

There are 2 types of scanners:

Flatbed Scanners

Hand-held Scanners

Date: 19.01.2011


DIGITAL CAMERA: It stores and sends pictures digitally with computers.

Types of digital cameras

Ultra compact digital cameras

Ultra compact digital cameras are capable of taking quality images. They are very small, lightweight, easy to use and convenient to carry. Some models have fewer features than compact cameras, such as manual controls and a viewfinder. Buttons and dials are small though usually work well. Moderate to high priced.

Compact digital cameras

Consumer-level digital cameras are compact, lightweight and great for point-and-shoot photo-taking. They have fully automatic and scene modes; some have semi-automatic and manual controls. All but the cheapest provide very good image quality. Low to moderately priced, depending on features.

Advanced digital cameras

“Presume” digital cameras are geared to advanced amateurs with skill levels between a professional and consumer. They sport high quality lenses and advanced features for creative control. Some have long telephoto zooms lenses while others start at wide angle. A few have a zoom range from wide to super telephoto. Most advanced digital cameras accept accessories and add-ons including converter lenses,* filters, remote controls and external flashes. Moderate to high priced.

All-in-one digital camera with professional grade sensor

All-in-one digital still camera with a professional-grade, APS-class image sensor. It provides a live preview while taking photos. High priced.

Date: 19.01.2011

http://www.digicamhelp.com/accessories/


MICROPHONE: A microphone is used to input sounds to computer.

Types of MicrophoneDynamic Microphone :

Capacitor Mics:

BACK-ELECTRET MICS:

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition:

Each day, banks process millions of cheques. It would take them far too long to manually enter the data from each cheque. They use a technique called 'Magnetic Ink Character Recognition' (MICR) which enables them to process 300 cheques per minute with 100% accuracy.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR):

Have you ever looked closely at the National Lottery ticket selection form? Or have you ever had to do a multiple choice test at school where you had to use a pencil to show your answer (like our picture below)?

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Optical Character Recognition (OCR):

An OCR system consists of a normal scanner and some special software. The scanner is used to scan text on a document or piece of paper into the computer. The OCR software then examines the page and changes the letters into a form that can be edited or processed by a normal word processing package.

Touch Screen:

A touch screen is the only device which works as both an input and an output device. You view the options available to you on the screen (output) and you then use your finger to touch the option that you have chosen (input). Touch screens are easy to use and are often found in public places such as cashpoints at banks, ticket collection terminals (at theatres or airports), information centres (at museums.) Touch screens are not commonly used to input large amounts of data because they are not very accurate and they would be tiring on the hands to use for long periods of time.

Magnetic Stripe Reader:

Magnetic strips are usually found of the back of most credit cards, cheque guarantee cards, loyalty cards, membership cards etc.

The magnetic strip can hold personal details about the card number such as account number and name. The strip can contain up to 60 characters, stored magnetically. To read the data on the card, it is 'swiped' through a Magnetic Stripe Reader machine and the data is read and fed back to the computer.

Date: 19.01.2011


Smart Cards:

Smart cards are often called input devices. In fact they are actually simple storage devices. A smart card contains a small RAM chip. When the card is put into a machine data can be read from the card or written onto it. A smart card can store much more data than a magnetic stripe can. A popular card in use at the moment can store 8k (about 8000 characters) of information.

Barcode readers:

Barcode readers are classed as automatic input devices. Most items that are for sale in shops have a barcode printed somewhere on the packaging. The barcode is a series of vertical bars of varying widths that give information about:

• the country of manufacture• the name of the manufacturer

• a product code

A barcode reader is an automatic input device which is used to scan or 'read' the barcode by using a visible red light. The reflected light is translated into digital data that is interpreted by the computer to identify the product and price from the database.

Date: 19.01.2011


Webcam:

A webcam is an input device because it captures a video image of the scene in front of it. It is either built in to the computer (e.g. laptop) or it is connected through an USB cable.

Common uses of webcams include:

Chatting

Webcams are commonly used to allow people to see each other whilst chatting over the internet. Formally this is called 'teleconferencing'

Security

Webcams can also be used to caputure an image only if movement is detected in the scene in front of it so they are widely used in burglar alarm and other security equipment.

Tourists

There are hundreds of webcams dotted around the world that are pointed to an interesting scene such as the outside view of a lab in the Arctic or maybe the Niagra Falls. The web cam is attached to a computer which sends an image to a server on the internet on a regular basis. People then connect to the server to see the latest image.

Remote Control:

A remote control is a hand-held device which is used to control a machine from a short distance away. Remote controls need line-of-sight in order to send their signals to the receiving device, obstacles such as furniture or walls can block the signal. Some remote controls allow text to be typed, for example, making a note of the name of a TV programme which has been recorded.

Date: 19.01.2011


Examples of use for remote controls:

• Televisions• Music systems

• Lighting systems

• Heating systems

Biometric Devices:

There is an increasing trend towards using biometric data from people in order to identify them. Finger print and retinal identification are being used in many places now and even facial recognition systems are starting to be introduced. Special devices are needed to capture the biometric data which is then passed onto the computer for processing and identification. Biometric authentification methods can be used to identify you at ATMs to withdraw cash, in computer networks to allow you to log on and many schools are now introducing 'fingerprint registration'.

Sensors:

These detect changes in the physical or chemical environment and convert them into electrical signals. These signals can then be digitised and used by the computer.

Date: 19.01.2011


Temperature sensor :

Used in aautomatic washing machines, automatic cookers, central heating controllers, computer-controlled greenhouses, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring.

Pressure sensor :

Burglar alarms, automatic washing machines, robotics, production line control, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring

Light sensor :

Computer controlled greenhouses, burglar alarm systems, robotics, production line control, scientific experiments and environmental monitoring

Light Pen:

A light pen is a special pen which you can point at any computer monitor. When the pen is pointed at the screen the computer can work out where the pen is pointing. Light pens can be used to "draw" on the screen or to select options from menus presented on the screen. Light pens are extremely poor input devices. They are very inaccurate and tiring to use. Light pens are hardly ever used today. It is suitable to use where desktop space is limited, it is used instead of a mouse or for drawing applications where a graphics tablet might be too big.

Video Digitiser:

It inputs a video to digital format from an analogue source (for example television or video camera). A video digitizer is used to convert sequences of analogue images into a digital format. The digitized images can then be saved as a file and played back on a monitor to produce a moving image.

Date: 19.01.2011


MIDI instruments:

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. These are normal musical instruments which have a MIDI port for input into a MIDI interface in the computer. The notes are converted into digital data and saved as a file on the computer. This data can be converted back into notes or edited by computer software. The software often has a wide range of special effects or stored sound data from real instruments.

Monitor:

Also called a video display terminal (VDT) a monitor is a video display screen and the hard shell that holds it. In its most common usage, monitor refers only to devices that contain no electronic equipment other than what is essentially needed to display and adjust the characteristics of an image.

Types of Monitor

CRT Monitor:

This one is heavy and thick and has a normal tube. Because of this normal tube you could get a glare on the tube from light sources within the room. That could be irritating so that’s why they developed the flat CRT screen which has a flat tube.

Flat:

This one is also heavy and thick but this one has a flat tube. Flat CRT screens are designed to reduce the glare and distortion created by conventional CRT screens. The flat tube increases image clarity while reducing glare from light sources within the room.

Date: 19.01.2011


LCD:

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens are most commonly used for laptop screens but are becoming increasingly popular and more affordable for desktop users. These screens use a TFT (thin film transmitter) to produce a more secure picture with a relatively wide angle of view. TFT provides the best resolution of all of the flat panel technologies. These are the most expensive screens on the market. Also these are available in several sizes

Printer:

An external hardware device responsible for taking computer data and generating a hard copy of that data. Printers are one of the most used peripherals on computers and are commonly used to print text, images, and/or photos. The image to the right is a visual example of the Lexmark Z605 Inkjet printer and is an example of what a printer may look like.

Types of printers:

3D Printers:

Here is the information about different types of printers you should be aware of. The main categories are; laser printers, ink-jets, dot-matrix, multifunctional, etc. Normally home computer users will use ink-jets as they are relatively cheap but superior in quality to dot-matrix. Laser jets and other printers created by new technology are more expensive and more commonly found in the offices.

INK-JET Printer:

Ink-jets (bubble-jets) printers spray ionized tiny drops of ink onto a page to create an image. This is achieved by using magnetized plates which direct the ink's path onto the paper in the desired pattern. Almost all ink-jets offer a color option as standard, in varying degrees of resolution. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print which almost matches the quality of a laser printer. A standard ink-

Date: 19.01.2011


jet printer has a resolution of 300 dots per inch, although newer models have improved on that. As a rule color link-jet printers can also be used as a regular black and white printer.

Laser printer:

Laser printers operate by shining a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The drum is then rolled through a pool, or reservoir, or toner, and the electrically charged portions of the drum pick up ink. Finally, using a combination of heat and pressure, the ink on the drum is transferred onto the page. Laser printers print very fast, and the supply cartridges work a long time. Color laser printers use the same toner-based printing process as black and white ( B/W) laser printers, except that they combine four different toner colors. Color laser printers can also be used as a regular black and white laser printer.

LED/LCD printer:

LED/LCD printers are types of electro photographic printers that are identical to laser printers in most ways. Both LCD (liquid crystal display) and LED (light-emitting diode) printers use a light source instead of a laser to create an image on a drum. In most contexts, "laser printer" covers LCD and LED printers as well. The print process is almost identical, but LED printers use Light Emitting Diodes to charge the drum, and the other uses Liquid Crystals. These printers produce a very high quality text and graphics print out.

Impact (Dot-matrix) printer:

Impact (Dot-matrix) printers use a set of closely spaced pins and a ribbon to print letters or other characters on a page. These printers actually impact the page to print a character, much like a typewriter. Dot-matrix printers vary in terms of speed and the number of pins they have. They can run at a speed anywhere between 50 and 500 CPS (Characters Per Second). The number of pins, which can vary Between 9 to 24, determines the quality of the print job. Dot matrix printers are commonly used for printing invoices, purchase orders, shipping forms, labels, and other multi-part forms. Dot matrix printers can print through multi-part forms in a single pass, allowing them to produce more pages than even high-speed laser printers.

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Solid Ink printers:

Solid Ink printers are page printers that use solid wax ink sticks in a "phase-change" process. They work by liquefying wax ink sticks into reservoirs, and then squirting the ink onto a transfer drum, from where it is cold-fused onto the paper in a single pass. Solid-ink printers offer better color consistency than do most technologies, with little variation caused by changes in temperature, humidity, or type of paper. Solid ink machines have better reliability, because they have fewer components in comparison, for example with color laser printers.

Dye Sublimation printer:

Dye Sublimation printers are professional devices widely used in demanding graphic arts and photographic applications. True these printers work by heating the ink so that it turns from a solid into a gas. The heating element can be set to different temperatures, thus controlling the amount of ink laid down in one spot. In practice, this means that color is applied as a continuous tone, rather than in dots, as with an inkjet. One color is laid over the whole of one sheet at a time, starting with yellow and ending with black. The ink is on large rolls of film which contain sheets of each color, so for an A4 print it will have an A4-size sheet of yellow, followed by a sheet of cyan, and so on. Dye sublimation requires particularly expensive special paper, as the dyes are designed to diffuse into the paper surface, mixing to create precise color shades.

Portable printer:

Portable printers are usually fairly lightweight and sometimes carry the option of using a battery instead of drawing power from the computer. Usually they realize basic print resolutions suitable for plain text printing. You can find on the market the following types of the portable printers: Thermal printer, Thermal transfer printer and Ink-Jet printer. The main advantage of thermal and thermal transfer printers is that they can be very small. The smallest thermal and thermal transfer printers weigh approximately one pound. Usually the ink-jet portable printer weighs more than 2 pounds. Thermal printers require a special type of paper.

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Plotters are large-scale printer:

Plotters are large-scale printers that are very accurate at reproducing line drawings. They are commonly used for technical drawings such as engineering drawings or architectural blueprints. The two basic types of plotters are called flatbed plotters and drum plotters. Flatbed plotters are horizontally aligned with a flat surface to which a piece of paper is attached. The paper remains stationary and the printer moves pens across the paper to draw the image. Drum plotters, also called upright plotters, are vertically positioned. They have a drum that the paper rolls on. Drum plotters usually make more noise and are more compact than flatbed plotters.

Digital Photo printer:

Digital Photo printers Many middle range printers are now able to print photo quality images. Usually an option with color printers, specialist photo print heads allows a greater resolution to be achieved to improve photo image quality. Photo ink jet printers expand their gamut’s by adding additional ink colors, usually light cyan and light magenta.

EZ CD/DVD Printer:

Provide a low cost way to create professional printed CD-Rs and DVD-Rs. Instead of writing on the CD or applying labels, you can print directly on the CD surface! With high speed capabilities, a full color image can be printed directly on the top surface of your CDs in less than 1 minute.

Speaker:

A term used to describe the user who is giving software program vocal commands. A hardware device connected to a computer's sound card that outputs sounds generated by the card.

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Projector:

A device that projects computer output onto a white or silver fabric screen that is wall, ceiling or tripod mounted. Data projectors typically accept resolutions of 800x600, 1024x768 or 1280x1024 and may also support standard video from a VCR, DVD or cable box. Widely used in classrooms and auditoriums.

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Thanking You!

Date: 19.01.2011

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