CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.1 INDI AN TEXTI LE INDUSTRY Indian textile industry largely depends upon the textile manufacturing and export. It also plays a major role in the economy of the country. India earns about 27% ofits total foreign exchange through textile exports. Further the textile industry of India also cont ri butes nearly 14% of the total indust ri al pr oduc ti on of the ec onomy. It al so contributes around 4% to the GDP of the country. Indian textile industry is also the largest in the country in terms of employment generation. It not only generates jobs in its own industry but also opens up scopes for the other ancillary sectors. Indian textile industry currently generates employment to more than 35 million people. It is also estimated that, the industry will generate 12 million new jobs by the year 2010.Indian textile industry can be divided into several segments, some of which can be listed as below 1. Cotton Textiles 2. Silk Textiles 3. Woolen Textiles 4. Readymade Textiles 5. Hand-Crafts Textiles 6. Jute and CoirIndian textile industry is one of the leading in the world. Currently it is estimated to be around US$ 52 billion and is also projected to be around US$ 115 billion by the year 2012.The textile export of the country was around US$19.14 billion in the year 2006-2007, which saw a stiff raise to reach US$22.13 in 2007-2008.The share of the export is expected to increase from 4% to 7% within 2012. 1
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machinery. The intention of the government’s move is to enable the Indian producers to
compete in the world market with high quality products. The results of the government’s
move can be visible as Indian companies like Arvind Mills, Mafatlal, Grasim; Reliance
Industries have become prominent players in the world. The Indian textile industry is thesecond largest in the world-second only to China. The other competing countries are
Korea and Taiwan. Indian Textile constitutes 35% of the total exports of our country. The
history of apparel and textiles in India dates back to the use of mordant dyes and printing
blocks around 3000 BC. The foundations of the India's textile trade with other countries
started as early as the second century BC. A hoard of block printed and resists dyed
fabrics, primarily of Gujarati origin, discovered in the tombs of Fostat, Egypt, are the
proof of large scale Indian export of cotton textiles to the Egypt in medieval periods.
STRENGTHS
1. Indian Textile Industry is an Independent & Self-Reliant industry
2. Abundant Raw Material availability that helps industry to control costs
and reduces the lead-time across the operation
3. Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive
advantage to industry
4. Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing
synthetic fiber industry
5. India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all
process of operation and value chain
6. India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in international market and
contributes around 25% share of the global trade in Cotton Yarn
7. The Apparel Industry is one of largest foreign revenue contributor
and holds 12% of the country’s total export
8. Industry has large and diversified segments that provide wide variety of
With the vision “To become a premier league player in the global apparel
industry”, Kandhan Knitss offers its clients high quality knitwear to their specifications.Delivering the products within the scheduled time without compromising on quality helps
Kandhan Knitss gain the confidence and appreciation of clients across the Europe.
2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE
Kandhan Knitss spread over 1, 00,000 square feet of excellent infrastructure;
Kandhan Knitss manufactures excellent quality Knitwear that is well received across
numerous European countries. The systematically planned manufacturing unit enables
Kandhan Knitss with optimum production capacity and quality outputs. The production
process strives continually to be innovative and creative to bring novelity in fabrics with
latest printing and embroidery techniques. Kandhan Knitss has dedicated product
development and garment design teams for each product group and in some cases for
individual customers.
2.5 MACHINERY
The most modern knitting, printing and embroidery machines furnish the
production facility of Kandhan Knitss. Imported from renowned manufactures, thesemachines facilitate the company to provide clients their precise knitwear requirements
resulted in low return manufacturer [RTM] rate at below 0.5% target with very high
Acceptable Quality Level [AQL] pass rates.
Quality tests are done exclusively by only TUV sub lad to get precise report on thefabric. Tests are performed as per buyer requirements such as ISO, ASTM[American
Society For Testing and Materials] etc.., Working with TQM[Total Quality Management]
principles Kandhan Knitss equips each of its personnel with the knowledge and resources
required to successfully contribute towards the on-going search for excellence.
2.12 PATRONS
The list of satisfies clients is a testimony to Kandhan Knitss commitment towards
customer satisfaction. The repeat orders and continual assignments for the existing clients
emphasize the dedication and professionalism of Kandhan Knitss. Catering to some of
the most well-known brands across Europe, the company’s clients include
deals with up gradation of skills for labours and executives, planning and allocation of
work, monitoring and assessment of performance. One of the most important tasks is
upgrading the skills and knowledge of the human resource from time to time in tandem
with the development of technology and trade.
4.3 HR DEPARTMENT STAFFS
VINOTH KUMAR.R [HR MANAGER]
SUBRAMANIAN [HR ASSISTANT]
GOVINDASAMY [HR ASSISTANT]
JAYABALAN [TIME KEEPER]
MALATHY [RECEPTIONIST]
SIVAKUMAR [ELECTRICIAN]
RAMESH KUMAR [ELECTRICIAN]
PATHMAKUMAR [DATA ENTRY OPERATOR]
HR PlanningJob AnalysisRecruitment and SelectionTraining and DevelopmentCompensationPerformance AppraisalCommunicationConflict solutionPersonal auditOrganizational DevelopmentRelationshipCareer Planning and Development
Textile is industry oriented field where lots of processes are there to carry out rawmaterial\fibers to finished garment. In this we have required technical skillful and
motivated peoples. For textile, a little bit differences in the scope, approach in HR
concept, because here peoples think differently, expect differently. In textile,
environment is different as compare to other origination or industry, here more
interaction to be carryout around 80% manager spend time in handling of human
resources. A very common problem always exist in every textile oriented that is conflict (
grievance) in intra department or in worker and management, so this HR(HRM) play as a
tool to resoles this problem efficiently .HRM increase the communication ,coordination
and involvement so that chances of misunderstanding will be minimum. Even in
organizations with educated and experienced staff, due to the lack of cooperation on part
of the management, the department cannot carry out its functions.
the departments and he/she should submit a report to the client companies. Based on the
report submitted by the third party assigned by the client, the order can be placed.
There are no marketing persons required for the company. The products after it ismanufactured it is exported to the clients who gives the order. The third party auditing
can be done at any time and the auditing process takes some time. Kandhan Knitss do not
supply their products and services to the local customers.
There are 2 types of merchandisers in export houses - buyer and production
merchandisers. Buyer merchandisers act as a link between the buyer and the
manufacturer. They have the responsibility of ensuring that the product is developed as
per the requirements of the buyer so in between they have the responsibility of sourcing,
sampling and communication with the buyer. The production merchants on the other
hand are a link between production and buyer merchants. They have the responsibility of
ensuring that the production goes as per the schedule and as per the requirements.
6.1 THE CANDIDATE RESPONSIBILITIES
• Will have to work for Merchandising, Sourcing, Vendor Development,
Independently. Handling of Buyers.
• Would be independently taking care of buyers' account, correspondence,
interaction with buyers/buying agencies, costing, submission of samples, ensuring
adherence of buyer’s instruction.
• Client Co-ordination.
• Will have to deal with all in house departments.
• Candidate must have to maintain planning and management of department.
A garment export unit generally has many departments like stores, cutting,
production, packing, checking etc., in which Merchandising department a linking device
samples are made and sent if the buyer required the same. After the sample is approved
by the buyer or even before that, costing sheet is prepared by the Merchandiser. In
costing sheet, the price of the fabric, accessories, prints etc per garment is listed and the
price is fixed by adding margin. This cost is got approved from the Manager or the persons concerned and quoted to the buyer. Purchase order is received from the buyer
which includes
• PO no/date
• Buyer/Consignee
• Garment no
• Measurement
• L/C date
• Last date within which shipment to be reach the destination.
• Sign and Seal
• Order validity date
After receiving PO from the buyer merchandiser issues PO for the fabric unit, buttons, thread, dyeing unit, printing, embroidery and other raw materials. These raw
materials’ are checked and color, quality and size approved by the merchandiser.
After discussing with the production manager, Work Order is issued to all the
departments by merchandiser along with the trim sheet. Work order consists of order no
and description of the order. Trim sheet is a sheet in which the sample piece of fabric and
accessories are stuck and distributed to the entire department for them to be aware of
trims used for a certain order. Approved sample piece is sent along with this work order
to the cutting department first from where it passes to all the departments the raw
The bulk fabric is passed through the cutting dept., stitching dept., washing or
dyeing unit, and then the packing department. As per the requirement printing or
embroidery is done after stitching or cutting.
In packing department merchandiser checks and approves a piece for the type
of packing and the packing materials. After packing in the individuals packages, they are
packed in the cartons. Number of pieces to be packed and the marks and numbers to be
printed on the carton is also instructed by the merchandiser to them. A packing list is
prepared by the Merchandiser with all the packing details mentioned in it and given to the
Packing department. A quality checker assigned on behalf of buyer checks and approves
the garments, after which they are shipped.
6.2 MANAGING ORDER ROUTE CARD AND PRODUCTION TIME
TABLE
Merchandiser has to manage every single production schedule and order route
card that helps to follow-up the execution in the planned way. It is expected to be
acknowledged of the various descriptions like: design, no. of modules, and no. of operators, how many processes, and date of dispatch, quantity, output capacity, and
deadlines in the schedules.
The sub-ordinates are normally assigned to follow-up with execution of the plan.
Merchandiser plans the activities depending on the essentials or non-essentials, and top
priority are given to the most essential tasks. This is customary that the essential activities
are handled personally or with the support of junior merchandisers/sub-ordinates.
In a "daily schedule", merchandiser has to carry-out and categorize which is the
most significant and urgent task. The activity that has to be focused with full attention to
sweep-off non-essential activities and have to be to be corrected by prioritizing to meet
To get updated on the current status on the order, the route cards should be
utilized. The latest status can be fed into the computers. In case, the buyer ask for the
goods prior to the deadline, then merchandiser has to reorganize the schedules to
accomplish tasks, output capacity, no. of pieces to be produced daily, substitute
arrangements, time availability, supply time, scheduling critical ratio, etc.
6.4 SUBMITTING PRE-PRODUCTION SAMPLES
The pre-production samples should be provided on time to the concerned buyers.
Quality of the sample must be verified. If required, revised samples should be made
available to the buyers. Merchandiser should adjust to the required changes demanded by
the buyer. The execution of bulk orders should be made only after samples are approved
by the buyer.
In-process inspection denote between any tasks in order-execution. In case of non-
conformation, it is better to focus on the concerns of quality. Merchandisers that work on
complete orders have to check deviation to the production teams so that any amendmentscan be done to avoid the non-conformities.
6.5 SOLVING SHORTAGE PROBLEM
The merchandiser should know about the dearth of any commodity such as fabric,
yarn, etc... From the beginning. Actions should be taken immediately to arrange requiredmaterials, after discovering the shortage. It is expected that the merchandisers should
verify quality of the goods prior to execution of the order. If the material is found
unavailable, the superior should be informed about the concern.
Documentation is a key means of conveying information from one person or
company to another, and also serves as permanent proof of tasks and actions undertaken
throughout the export process. Documentation is not only required for your own business
purposes and that of your business partner, but also to satisfy the customs authorities in both countries and to facilite the transportation of and payment for goods sold.
One value of documentation is that copies can be made and shared with the parties
involved in the export process (although you should always ensure that you make
identical copies from an agreed-upon master - it is no use making changes without the
other party's agreement and then presenting these as the "latest" copies). If the
documentation is complete, accurate, agreed upon by the parties involved and signed by
each of these of these parties (or their representatives), the document will represent a
legally binding document.
7.2 FUNCTION OF EXPORT DOCUMENTATION
Export documentation may serve any or all of the following functions:
An attestation of facts, such as a certificate of origin
Evidence of the terms and conditions of a contract if carriage, such as in the case
of an airway bill
Evidence of ownership or title to goods, such as in the case of a bill of lading
The textile designs are the original works of the designers. CAD helps them to
visualize and see their imaginative design in final form without producing any sample
swatch. Sometimes, the customers too provide ideas for designing according to their
particular requirement. These are in the form of painted artwork or fabric samples andsometimes film negatives. The textile designers, with the help of CAD, convert them into
workable designs. For this to be done the sample is scanned with the help of either
scanners or digital cameras and then they are edited to obtain the final design.
• KNITTED FABRICS: Some systems specialize in knitwear production and final
knitted design can be viewed on screen with indication of all stitch formation.
• PRINTED FABRICS: The print motif can be resized, recolored, rotated or
multiples depending on the designer’s goal. New CAD systems are coming whichhave built in software to match swatch color to screen color to printer color
automatically.
• SKETCH PAD SYSTEMS: There are graphic program that allow the designer to
use pen or styles on electronic pad or tablet thereby creating freehand images
which are stored in the computer.
• EMBROIDERY SYSTEMS: It requires assigning color and stitch to different
parts of the design. Data is fed and multiple head work. Scanned images can be
The Indian Textile and apparel industry plays a dominated role in the national
economy and will continue to do so in near future. At present, the Indian apparel andtextile sector is struggling to survive because of increasing costs of raw material, poor off
take of yarns coupled with the poor realization from yarn dealers and a sharp rise in
interest rate and the worse, the rising value of the Indian rupee. The industry has to pay
greater attention to the issues in product improvement, labour welfare, branding and
adoption of new technology for boost up their export level. Every year the growth of
exports increasing and earnings of foreign exchange also increasing.
From this training program I got chance to know many factors in production,
merchandising and human resource departments in detail. And I like to include that the
products manufactured in KANDHAN KNITSS is of high quality and hygienic. The
company is able to overcome all the threats and can prepare themselves for facing the
problems in advance; it can achieve a good growth in the future.