Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Structure Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Water is a polar covalent molecule.

Chemistry of Life

Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule

Structure

Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule

Water is a polar covalent molecule

Inorganic Compounds–Acids and Bases

Acid—strong acids, pH near 0. Characterized by an abundance of H3O+ (hydronium) ions.

 Neutral—pH of 7 (distilled water)

Base—strong bases pH near 14. Characterized by an abundance of OH- (hydroxide) ions.

Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesMonosaccharides—

simple sugars; monomers of

carbohydrates. Common

monosaccharides include glucose,

fructose, and galactose. All have the simple formula

of C6H12O6.

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Examples of foods that are monosaccharid

es

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Examples of foods that are monosaccharid

es

Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesDisaccharides—double sugars. Formed from the condensation of two monosaccharides.

Examples include:

Sucrose (table sugar)—glucose + fructose

Lactose (milk sugar)—glucose + galactose

Maltose (malt sugar)—glucose + glucose

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Examples of foods that are disaccharides

—sucrose

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Examples of foods that are disaccharides

—lactose

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Examples of foods that are disaccharides

—maltose

Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesPolysaccharides—complex sugars. Composed of long chains of monosaccharides.

Starch—plant energy storage, polymer of glucose. Forms single line chains of molecules.

Glycogen—animal energy storage (in liver and between muscle fibers), polymer of glucose. Forms branching chains of molecules.

Cellulose—indigestible, dietary fiber for animals. Forms the cell wall of many plant cells.

Chitin—makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide Example

Starch

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide Example

Cellulose

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide Example

Glycogen

Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide Example

Chitin

Organic Compounds–Lipids

Lipids—include

fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Organic Compounds–Lipids

Triglyceride

Organic Compounds–ProteinsAmino acids—

monomers of proteins; made of an

organic acid or carboxyl group (COOH), amino

group (NH2), single carbon atom attached to

hydrogen, and an R-group. Each of the

twenty (20) different amino acid differs in the

R-group.

Organic Compounds–Proteins

Dipeptides—two amino

acids joined by peptide

bonds.

Organic Compounds–Proteins

Polypeptides—three or more amino acids joined

by peptide bonds. All proteins consist of these.

The sequence of amino acids determines the type

of protein. Shapes of protein molecules vary

with the sequence of the amino acids and

determine their properties.

Organic Compounds–Proteins

Enzymes—proteins

that act as biological catalysts.

Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids

Made of complex

monomers called

nucleotides

Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids

DNA (deoxyribonucleic

acid)—records instructions and transmits them

from generation to generation. Found

primarily in the nucleus of the cell.

Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids

RNA (ribonucleic acid)—reads and

carries out instructions.

Found in nucleus and cytoplasm of

the cell.

Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids

ATP—high energy

compound