Innovative Sediment Decontamination Processing/Management and their Application to Integrated Sustainable Systems Eric A. Stern U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 2 - New York USA Mid-Atlantic Contaminated Sediments/Soils Symposium Jersey City, New Jersey 24 March 2010
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Innovative Sediment Decontamination Processing/Management and their
Application to Integrated Sustainable Systems
Eric A. SternU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 2 - New York USA
Mid-Atlantic Contaminated Sediments/Soils SymposiumJersey City, New Jersey
INTEGRATE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN ALL ALTERNATIVES
LANDFILL CAPACITY in the U.S.
US < than 20 years of disposal capacity
CDFs
Urban / Port Impacts • Contaminants in sediment:
– Pose an ecological and human health risk in the river and contributes to risk harbor-wide;
– Contribute to contaminant loading in the harbor (on-going sources)
• Regional Sediment Management (Watersheds)– Impact dredged material and port
management– Impact future waterfront development
opportunities (weak link)
Urban Rivers
Restoration
Navigation
Maintenance Dredging and Deepening
Complex
Multi-Contaminant
Urban/Ports
Economic Redevelopment
Restoration
Urban Rivers
Restoration
Superfund
(remediation)
Water Programs
(Stern, 2009)
Brownfields
Watershed/Basin Management
Pollution Prevention
Regional Sediment Management-Solution Orientated-
• System-based (watershed) approachthat seeks to solve sediment-related problems by designing solutions that fit within the context of a regionalstrategy and sediment systemRecognizes sediments as a resourceSediment processes (coastal/estuarine)
• Integral to environmental / economic vitalityEngage StakeholdersAchieve long-term balance and sustainable
Positioning for the FutureEnvironmental SustainabilityEnvironmental Manufacturing
Beneficial UseSediments are a resource……
Environmental Sustainability• Long-term maintenance of ecosystem components
and functions for future generations– Don’t mess-up big….. (prepare for mitigation)
• Making the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Encompasses keeping population densities below the carrying capacity of a region, facilitating the renewal of renewable resources, conserving and establishing priorities for the use on non-renewable resources, and keeping environmental impact below the level required to allow affected systems torecover and continue to evolve.
Apply to Sustainable Sediment Management
Comprehensive (Integrated) approach for addressing the long-term management / conservation of sediments within a watershed to maintain current (and future?) beneficial useswhile addressing regional Environmental,Economic, and Social (and Political) concerns (challenges…).
David Moore, Shelly Anghera, Jack Word*, Matt Wartian and Kurt Frederick –Weston Solutions, Inc. *Newfields Northwest, LLC. – Presented at SETAC, Milwaukee 2007
(Stern)
• ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY– Psychological problem
• Human interference – social imbalance• NIMBY – send it someplace other then where I
live– Out of state – out of country
• Taking responsibility of our “waste”
• UN-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Postioning for the Future• Life Cycle Assessment
– What is the cost associated (long-term)?• Environmental, economic, social and political
– Of not (environmental sustainability)• Diminishing natural resources• Waste minimization• Landfill Closures for most contaminated sediments• Lack of real-estate (CADs/CDFs)
– Loss of Benthic Habitat / wetlands / channel configuration– Long-term monitoring– Capacity
• Short vs. long-term vision (political)
Application of Innovative Decontamination Technologies with Beneficial Use
• Beneficial Use• Environmental Restoration • Economic Revitalization• Social Consciousness
• Behavior–Shrinking Natural (Un-renewable)
Resources–Short vs. Long-term vision
• Consistent with SedNet (Watershed / Basin Management
3rd International SedNet Conference25-26 November, 2004 – Venice, Italy
Contaminated Sediments - European River BasinFinal Recommendations
• Stimulate innovation to more efficient treatment technologies:– sustainability
• To date treatment technologies are too costly• Large amounts of sediments• Dredging and processing rates can’t keep up
• Technology itself is not the problem• Diversity of technologies are available
New York/New Jersey Sediment Decontamination Technologies Demonstration Program
• Program initiated in 1993 under the Water Resources Development Act
• Partners: US EPA Region 2, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and New Jersey (NJ) Department of Transportation Office of Maritime Resources
• Develop and demonstrate technologies from bench-, pilot-, to full-commercial scale– Meet desired treatment efficiencies– Cost-effective compared to other placement options
(S/S)– Achieve commercial-scale capacity of 385,000 m3/yr– Saleable beneficial use product from post-treated
material• In 1998, NJ provided further funding to the program ($20M)• $42 million in Federal and State resources, combined with
private investment
• What did we learn? (applies to the waste industry in general)
• Too expensive – compared to what? (dumping?)• Critical comments welcomed – but.. Now that
you’ve told me everything we can’t do…• No one wants to be # 1 - #2, # 3 is OK
– Risk aversion – You haven’t built it…• Technology companies competing – but not
understanding the sediment or waste business• No long term contracts
– No Venture Capital• Not too many friends in innovative
technology development– it’s lonely….Treatment used to counter other alternativesNone or very little integration
USEPA - NJDOT Innovative Sediment Decontamination Technology Development
1993-2009Re-Invent – Develop the Program
FRONT END MATERIALS HANDLING
POST TREATED
BENEFICIAL USE?
TECHNOLOGY
BLACK BOX
Basic vs Applied Research
Proof of Concept
BenchPilot
Full-scaleCommercial
Impediment to Technology Development
outside the box
The Re-invention• Treatment train (organics/inorganics)• Integrated / hybrid approaches
– Encourage treatment firms teaming agreements• Basic and Applied Research
– Phase 1 TIEs (specific contaminant/technology)• Navigational dredged material to Superfund contaminated
sediments• Siting / Regulatory Permitting / Design/Build engineering plans for
treatment processing facilities• Regional to Global Interests
– Pilot Scale – Port of Venice, Italy, Norway, Latvia, China, S. Korea..• Economics have caught up after 15 years as other alternative
costs are increasing• Bench-Pilot-Full/Commercial Scale Demonstrations (20)• Continue to work on innovative technologies outside the program in
all components of sediment management (treatment train)• Alternative platforms – barge mounted systems• Beneficial Use
Montclair State University Manufactured Soil Demonstration 2008-2009
New York / New Jersey Harbor Sediment Decontamination &
Beneficial Use Demonstration ProjectCement-Lock® Technology
Sponsored By:• Gas Research Institute
• U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 2U.S. Department of EnergyBrookhaven National LaboratoryU.S. Army Corps of Engineers(New York District)– funding from the federalWater Resources DevelopmentAct (WRDA)
• New Jersey Office of MaritimeResources– funding from NJ Environmental
Bond Issue
Technology Developer:Gas Technology Institute
Site Host:International-Matex TankTerminal – Bayonne
General Contractor:RPMS ConsultingEngineers
Equipment Manufacturer:Andersen 2000 Inc.
Technology Licensor:Cement-Lock Group, L.L.C.
IMTT
Cement-Lock® Technology
MODIFIERS
REACTIVEMELTER
2400° - 2500°F1316-1371C
Natural AIR/O2Gas Feed GRINDER/
PULVERIZER/BLENDER
SECONDARYCOMBUSTION
Passaic River SedimentsStratus Petroleum
WASTEHEAT
BOILER
High QualityCONSTRUCTION-GRADE CEMENT
ADDITIVES
STEAM TO POWERGENERATION
ECOMELT QUENCH
FLUE GASCLEAN UP
CLEAN FLUE GAS
WTE
Screened/dewatered
Cement-Lock Demo PlantIMTT - Bayonne, NJ
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Cement-Lock demo plant, IMTT, Bayonne, NJ
EcoMelt
Pulverized EcoMelt –30% Replacement for Portland Cement
ECH
Flexural Strength TestConcrete from Ecomelt
Presenter
Presentation Notes
CTLGroup tests
Uncertainties in Developing Long -Term Business Models for Technologies
17. Envor Processing paper and cardboard recycling18. Envor Recycling glass and plastic recycling19. Envor Group office and truck wash20. Suomen Erityisjäte Ltd contaminated soil21. J Syrjänen Oy construction waste22. Suomen Uusioaines Oy glass recycling
Why not for beneficial use of sediments?
Sediments / E-Waste Model
E-waste 100%
E-wasteSediments
100%30 - 40%
50%
50%
9.55mW/hr
Construction Industry
Steam / Electricity
Commercial / Residential
Reusable Material
Scrap Buyers
Non-Reusable Landfills
Ecomelt®
Ecomelttm – Cement-Lock Technology for contaminated sediments and multi-media wastes
Cement-Lock
5454
Objective
>Demonstrate at the pilot scale a new technology approach – an integrated macroalgae bio-renewable energy production system.
> In the system, CO2 generated from a fossil-fuel-fired power plant will be used to stimulate the production of a high yielding seaweed biomass to be harvested and converted to a fungible energy product, biomethane, through the anaerobic digestion process.
> DE-FE0002640: Macroalgae for CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy – A Pilot Project
5555
Macroalgae to Biofuels System
Selected SeaweedPropagules
56
Ulva
Porphyra
Gracilaria
Sargassum
Sternism’s Do’s and Don'ts Don’t believe when someone tells you If it
ain’t broken – don’t fix it. It probably is broken and you just don’t quite yet know
how to fix it.. - stuck in the mud… Impedes innovative technology development
Don’t discount sediment treatment as too expensive. Technologies over a decade that have stayed in the game have advanced through bench/pilot/full-scale programs with better economic data. This has caught up (w/in magnitude) with other
alternatives Determine Life Cycle Assessment / Environmental
Cost Benefit of paying more in the short-term as it relates to long-term sustainable approaches
Please don’t tell me everything I can’t do – If you’re so smart please tell me what I can do.It’s easy to comment. More helpful if you
get in the game and help / recommend technical/regulatory solutions.
Don’t mortgage the future. Entertain moving forward with sustainable long-term solutions for dredged material and contaminated sediment management.
When addressing sediment management solutions, approach it from an integrated systems approach.Sediment treatment can play well with others. It
is not give me dcon or give me death.• Renewable CDF / beneficial use regional
sediment management plan
Sediment treatment development needs to take into account a treatment train approach.When the first 3,000 yd3 scow pulls up and the
vendor say’s “wow” – this is not good sign…..Material handling – technology black box – post
treated beneficial use applicationsEducation among Us, Technology Firms, and
Venture capitalists/Financing Firms• Know the business
Do consider that treated contaminated sediments can be a resource with beneficial use applications.Apply state beneficial use guidelinesManufactured soilsConstruction-grade cementAggregatesPolymer coatingsWaste to Energy / Gasification
• Federal / State construction highway / transportation projects
Economic stimulus
There is a change in the wind….globally• [environmentalists] have become more
equity conscious, and through their adoption of the sustainable growth logic of the appropriate technology movement, have largely cast off changes of obstructionism– Cicin-Sain and Knecht (1998)
• Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management
• ….need to be open to new ideas – need to change behavior………technology driven… Stern (2009)