Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 1 EUROCODES Background and Applications Innovative rules in Eurocode 3 Gerhard Sedlacek Christian Müller RWTH Aachen
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 1
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Innovative rules in Eurocode 3
Gerhard SedlacekChristian MüllerRWTH Aachen
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 2
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Overview
• General• Actions• Resistances• Brittle failure• Connections• Stability• New developments
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 3
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Eurocodes
EN 1990 - Basis of design
EN 1991 ActionsEN 1991-1-1 Selfweight –
imposedloads
EN 1991-1-2 FireEN 1991-1-3 SnowEN 1991-1-4 WindEN 1991-1-5 TemperatureEN 1991-1-6 ConstructionEN 1991-1-7 AccidentalEN 1991-2 Traffic on
bridgesEN 1991-3 Actions from
cranesEN 1991-4 Actions in
silos, tanks
EN 1997 Geotechnicaldesign
EN 1998 Seismicactions
EN 1992 Concrete
EN 1993-1 Steel – genericEN 1993-1-1 General and
buildingsEN 1993-1-2 FireEN 1993-1-3 Thin gaugeEN 1993-1-4 Stainless steelEN 1993-1-5 Plate bucklingEN 1993-1-6 ShellsEN 1993-1-7 Plates and
membranesEN 1993-1-8 Connections
EN 1994-1 Generial and buildingsEN 1994-2 Bridges
EN 1998-1 Seismic design and buildingsEN 1998-2 BridgesEN 1998-3 Towers and mastsEN 1998-4 Tanks and silos
EN 1999 Aluminium
EN 1993-1-9 FatigueEN 1993-1-10 FractureEN 1993-1-11 Tension elementsEN 1993-1-12 High strength steelsEN 1993-2 BridgesEN 1993-3 Masts and towersEN 1993-4 Silos, tanks, pipelinesEN 1993-5 Steel pilesEN 1993-6 Crane supporting
structures
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 4
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
GlobalisationInternational Code Families
USA EUInternational Code Council (ICC)
Building Officials & Code Admin. InternationalInternational Conference of Building Officials
Southern Building Congress International
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
US-StandardsASTM
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Commission of the European CommunitiesEuropean National Standard Bodies
International technical scientific organisations
EUROCODES
EN – Product standards (500)EN – Testing standards (700)
European Technical Approvals and Approval guidelines (170)Nat. Fire Protection Association (US-NFPA)
NFPA 5000 BUILDING CODE
US-StandardsASTM
or
Overview of international Code Families
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 5
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
CPD – Construction Product Directive
89/106/EWG
Defines „Essential Requirements“- Mechanical resistance and stability- Resistance to fire
EN – Product StandardsEN – Testing StandardsETAs (European Technical Approvals)
ETAGs(European Technical Approval Guidelines)
Eurocodes
Tools to fulfil theEssential Requirements
Guidance paper L: Application and use of the Eurocode
Conditions for implementationand application of Eurocodes
Essential requirements of the CPDEssential requirements of the CPD
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 6
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Global application
NationalInput
calculativeexperimental
EvaluationTesting of prefabricated components
Rexp,i
Characteristic values Rkof product properties
CE-Marking
Marketing of products
Design of construction worksEd ≤ Rd
Regional & safety matters
Partial factorsRd = Rk / γM
Unified design rules Rkin Eurocodes
Calibration of engineering models
Rcalc
Testing of prefabricated components
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 7
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Reliability basis
β = safety index(reference period: 50 years)
αi = weighting factors(required due to mutual influence of Sd and Rd )
frequency of occurrence
action S resistance R
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 8
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
hENproduct
standards for steel materials, semi- finished products etc.
EN 1090 –Part 2
„Execution of steel
structures “
EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“
Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“
Eurocode 1: EN 1991 – „Actions on structures“
Eurocode 3: EN 1993 – „Design rules for steel structures“
HSS up to S7001.12
Standard system for steel structures
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 9
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Allianz-Arena Munich
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 10
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Definition of characteristic values of actions and action effects
Treturn = 50 yearsTreturn = 1000 years
E(sk – ψ0 wk)E(Qk + ψ0 wk)
ClimaticTraffic
Combination E(Q1 + Q2)
1.351.501.35
Mean valueTreturn = 50 yearsTreturn = 1000 years
Gsk, wk , ΔTk
Qk
PermanentClimaticTraffic
γQ= Qd / QkDefinitionQkAction
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 11
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Snow load in Munich-Riem
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00s [kN/m²]
Non-exceedance probability
0,900
0,999
0,990
0,500
0,1000,0100,001
2011 m/kN.sk =
Snow Load on the GroundLocation Munich-RiemAnnual Extrema on Gumbel paper
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 12
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Allianz-Arena Munich
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 13
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Wind Load in Munich-Riem
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00qb [kN/m²]
non-exceedance probability
0,900
0,999
0,990
0,500
0,1000,0100,001
2b0 kN/m 0.99q =
Peak velocity pressure qb (2 sec)Location Munich-RiemAnnual extrema (h =10 m) on Gumbel paper
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 14
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Air Temperature in Munich-Riem
-40,00 -35,00 -30,00 -25,00 -20,00ΔTair, min [K]
Non-exceedance probability
0,900
0,999
0,990
0,500
0,1000,0100,001
Change of air temperature related to Tref = 10°CLocation Munich-RiemAnnual Extrema on Gumbel paper
15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00ΔTair, max [K]
Non-exceedance probability
0,900
0,999
0,990
0,500
0,1000,0100,001
K 27.2ΔT maxair, +=K 39,3ΔT minair, −=
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 15
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Allianz-Arena Munich
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 16
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Evaluated climatic actions
1.751.501.221.32
1.77 kN/m²1.48 kN/m²
33.1 K-51.7 K
1.01 kN/m²0.99 kN/m²
27.2 K-39.3 K
snowwind action qpbΔTmaxΔΤmin
γQDesign valueCharacteristic valueAction
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 17
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Combination rule of climatic actions
kS,WpWSSW EqasaE ++ ⇒⋅+⋅=
influence factor for wind
influence factor for snow
s
w
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 18
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Characteristic values of effects of combined actions
Weighting ws
s
aaa+
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
Effe
ct(n
orm
alis
ed)
Effect due to snowwith return period50aE s,k =
Effect due to windwith return period50a
E w,k=
Effect due tocombination with returnperiod 50a
E w+s,k =
qp,k = 0.99 kN/m² sk = 1.01 kN/m²
saa
a
ws
s
+p
ws
w qaa
a+
ws
pws
aaqasa
++
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 19
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
weighting as
ψ0
for ULS
Combination factor ψ0 for an effect with a return period of50a
max. ψ0 = 0.36
w0,kw,w0,ks,ks,w ψEψEE ⇒⋅+=+
w0,kw,w0,ks,ks,w ψEψEE ⇒⋅+=+
Combination factor ψ0
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 20
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Allianz-Arena Munich
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 21
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
hENproduct
standards for steel materials, semi- finished products etc.
EN 1090 –Part 2
„Execution of steel
structures “
EN 1090 – Part 1 „Delivery Conditions for prefabricated steel components“
Eurocode: EN 1990 – „Basis of structural design“
Eurocode 1: EN 1991 – „Actions on structures“
Eurocode 3: EN 1993 – „Design rules for steel structures“
HSS up to S7001.12
Standard system for steel structures
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 22
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Determination of characteristic values Rk and γMvalues from tests
Conditions for numerical value of γM
Product standards for materials and semi-fabricated products
EN 10025
Execution standardEN 1090 – Part 2
Design standard Eurocode 3
Prefabricated steel componentfor component testing
Component tests to determine Rexp
Engineering model to determine Rcalc
Rk = γMi Rd
Classification accord. to γMi (1,0; 1,10; 1,25)
γMi = Rk / Rd
S*
Rexp
Rcalc
γM
Rm
Rd
Rk }
Test evaluation accord. to
EN1990- Annex D
1,0
Rexp/Rcalc
Parameter X1
O O O O O OOO O
Rexp/Rcalc
OO
O OO
OO
OO
Parameter X2
1,0
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 23
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Procedure to obtain reliable values Rk
excluded by appropriate choice of
material
Failure modesfracture
Brittle failure Ductile failure
fractureyielding
1. Mode 0excessive deformation by yieldinge.g. tension bar
Mode 1member failure by instabilitye.g. column buckling
Mode 2fracture after yieldinge.g. bolt
4. Characteristic value Rk = γM Rd
3. Recommended values
γM1 = 1,10 γM2 = 1,25
2. Test evaluation
( )0M
ykd
fRR
γ=
( )1M
ykd
,fRR
γ
λ=
( )2M
ukd
fRRγ
=
γM0 = 1,00
( ) 80,3;5,08,0expmR 2RRRd =βσ−σβ=
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 24
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Historical development of production processes for rolled steel products
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 25
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Charpy-V-temperature transition curves for S460ML and S690QL with S355J2 for comparison
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 26
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Fracture mechanism (microscopic)Spaltbruch
Ti Ta
TemperatureTgy
Component behaviour (macroscopic)
F
v
F
v
F
v
F
velastic-plasticlinear-elastic
GleitbruchShearCleavage
1
2
3
4
F F Fyielding max fracture
K , CTOD , Jc c c CTOD , Ju u CTOD , Jmax max
CTOD , JR R
CTOD , Ji i
u
cKIc
TIc Tm Ta
Toug
hnes
s
[J]
Brittle fracture Ductile fracture
Toug
hnes
s-te
mpe
ratu
re-c
urve
and
rela
ted
load
-de
form
atio
n cu
rves
for t
ensi
on e
lem
ents
usi
ng
vario
us p
aram
eter
s fo
r tou
ghne
ss p
rope
rtie
s
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 27
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Material toughnessJ, CTOD, K
Ti TTmin Troom
J , CTODi i
J -, K -domain
C IC
B1
A1
Tmin Troom T
E (G )K
A2 E (G + K 1ψ Q )K
E (G +K Q )K
E ( G + γ γG K Q Q )KB2
ε
σR, R
σ σ ψEd K 1= (G + Q )KA3
Rel
fy
B3
MM γα
=γ
= elpld
RRR
εy
elasticbehaviour
plasticbehaviour
Actioneffect , EσE
curves ofequal densities
E (G + K 2ψ Q )K
Design situation for choice of material in EN 1993-1-10
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 28
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Choice of material
Safety assessment based on fracture machanics
Kappl,d ≤ Kmat,d
Kappl,d (member shape, ad, ψ1·σEd)
Kmat,d (T27J, TEd)
Assumption for a0
design crack
initial crack
fatigue loading
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ ⋅⋅σΔ
⋅=4
102faa63
c0d
a0
ad
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 29
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Safety assessment
CEGB R6-FAD
Failure Assessment Diagram
Determination of Kappl,d*
Kappl,dKappl,d
σσΔ⋅Δ= Ed
ddappl aKK )(,
( )( )( ) ⎪
⎭
⎪⎬
⎫
⎪⎩
⎪⎨
⎧
+⋅
+⋅
+⋅
=
sy
sy
sy
Ed
tf
tf
tf
σ
σ
σ
σ
75,0
50,0
25,0
Global residual stressσs = 100 MPa
K*appl,d
K*appl,d
ρ−=
6
,*,
R
dappldappl k
KK
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 30
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Safety assessment
Determination of KMat,d (TEd)
KMat,d (TEd, T27J, ΔTR)
Applied temperatureTEd = Tmin + ΔTr
Material property T27J
Wallin-Toughness-curveModified Sanz-Correlation
e.g.Tmin = ~25 °CΔTr = ~5°C
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 31
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
K*appl,d # Kmat,d TEd $ TRdTransformation
Assessment schemeTEd $ TRd
Lowest air temperature in combination with σEd
Radiation loss
Influence of stress, crack imperfection and member shape and dimension
Additive safety element
[ ]ΔT
Kk
bappl
R
eff
σ
ρ= − ⋅
−−
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ ⋅
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ −
⎡
⎣
⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥
°5220
2510
706
1 4
ln C
ΔTr = − °5 C
Tmin = − °25 C
[ ]T T T T T T TEd r R pl= + + + + +min &Δ Δ Δ Δ Δσ ε ε
( )ΔT CR = + °7 with = 3,8β
may be supplemented by
Influence of the strain rate( )
[ ]ΔTf t
C
with s
y&
,
ln&
&
& ,
ε
εε
ε
= −−
⋅⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟ °
= −
1440550
0 00010
1 5
1
0
Influence from cold forming
[ ][ ]
ΔT DCF C
DCFplε = − ⋅ °3
with = Degree of Cold Forming %
Influence of material toughness
[ ]T T J100 27 18= − ° C
T TRd = 100
Action side ResistanceSa
fety
ass
essm
ent b
ased
on
tem
pera
ture
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 32
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Evaluation of large scale fracture tests
-130
-110
-90
-70
-50
-30
-10
10
-130 -110 -90 -70 -50 -30 -10 10Tcalc [°C]
Texp [°C]
safe
unsafe
characteristic value TCalc
design values Tcd
)TR for measured values
DECT specimen
surface crack specimen,calculated with handforulae
-130
-110
-90
-70
-50
-30
-10
10
-130 -110 -90 -70 -50 -30 -10 10TCalc [°C]
TExp [°C]
safe
unsafe
DECT specimen
surface crack specimen, calculated with FEM
+DECT-tests
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 33
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Value of the safety element (NDP) related to the use of nominal values (T27J and fy) is therefore ΔTR = [+7°C]
Determination of the safety element ΔTR only for DECT-elements
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 34
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Lowest fatigue classΔσc = 56N/mm2 (L >100mm)acc. to prEN1993-1-9
Lowest fatigue classΔσc = 56N/mm2 (L >100mm)acc. to prEN1993-1-9
L
Bt
T
θ
Geometrical Parameter:L/t = 8,2; B/t = 7,5;T/t = 0,15; θ = 45°
Geometrical Parameter:L/t = 8,2; B/t = 7,5;T/t = 0,15; θ = 45°
e.g. t = 80 mm
a0 = 2,19 mm and c0 = 5,48 mm
e.g. t = 80 mm
a0 = 2,19 mm and c0 = 5,48 mm
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000
Load cycle [-]
Crack deptha [mm]
calculationtest result
Δσ = 56 N/mm²; LC = 500.000ad = 15,94 mm and cd = 39,85 mmKappl,d(Δσ) = 20,49 MPa%m
Δσ = 56 N/mm²; LC = 500.000ad = 15,94 mm and cd = 39,85 mmKappl,d(Δσ) = 20,49 MPa%m
σEd=0,5·fy(t)+σs; fy(80mm)=335N/mm²
K*appl,d(σEd) = 110,01 MPa%m
σEd=0,5·fy(t)+σs; fy(80mm)=335N/mm²
K*appl,d(σEd) = 110,01 MPa%m
TEd = -30°C; T40J = -20°C T27J = - 30°C; ΔTR = -7°C
KMat(TEd; T27J; ΔTR) = 112,21 MPa%m
TEd = -30°C; T40J = -20°C T27J = - 30°C; ΔTR = -7°C
KMat(TEd; T27J; ΔTR) = 112,21 MPa%m0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Temperature TKV [°C]
AV
[J]
T27J
R² = 0,9866
Burdekin Approximation
Valid
ity ra
nge
a/c=0,4=const.
Plat
es m
ade
of S
355
N o
r M a
nd th
ickn
ess
t #80
mm
coul
d be
use
d up
to T
Ed =
-30°
C a
nd σ
Ed=
0,5·
f y(t)
+σs
Example - Safety Assessment for a well known standard steel S355 N or M
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 35
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Table of permissible plate thicknesses
10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50at T °C J
min.20 27 135 115 100 85 75 65 60 90 75 65 55 45 40 35 60 50 40 35 30 25 200 27 175 155 135 115 100 85 75 125 105 90 75 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 35 30
-20 27 200 200 175 155 135 115 100 170 145 125 105 90 75 65 125 105 90 75 60 50 4020 27 125 110 95 80 70 60 55 80 70 55 50 40 35 30 55 45 35 30 25 20 150 27 165 145 125 110 95 80 70 115 95 80 70 55 50 40 75 65 55 45 35 30 25
-20 27 200 190 165 145 125 110 95 155 130 115 95 80 70 55 110 95 75 65 55 45 35-20 40 200 200 190 165 145 125 110 180 155 130 115 95 80 70 135 110 95 75 65 55 45-50 27 230 200 200 200 190 165 145 200 200 180 155 130 115 95 185 160 135 110 95 75 6520 27 110 95 80 70 60 55 45 65 55 45 40 30 25 25 40 35 25 20 15 15 100 27 150 130 110 95 80 70 60 95 80 65 55 45 40 30 60 50 40 35 25 20 15
-20 27 200 175 150 130 110 95 80 135 110 95 80 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 35 25-20 40 200 200 175 150 130 110 95 155 135 110 95 80 65 55 110 90 75 60 50 40 35-50 27 210 200 200 200 175 150 130 200 180 155 135 110 95 80 155 130 110 90 75 60 50-20 40 200 185 160 140 120 100 85 140 120 100 85 70 60 50 95 80 65 55 45 35 30-50 27 200 200 200 185 160 140 120 190 165 140 120 100 85 70 135 115 95 80 65 55 45-20 30 175 155 130 115 95 80 70 110 95 75 65 55 45 35 70 60 50 40 30 25 20-20 40 200 175 155 130 115 95 80 130 110 95 75 65 55 45 90 70 60 50 40 30 25-40 30 200 200 175 155 130 115 95 155 130 110 95 75 65 55 105 90 70 60 50 40 30-50 27 200 200 200 175 155 130 115 180 155 130 110 95 75 65 125 105 90 70 60 50 40-60 30 215 200 200 200 175 155 130 200 180 155 130 110 95 75 150 125 105 90 70 60 500 40 120 100 85 75 60 50 45 65 55 45 35 30 20 20 40 30 25 20 15 10 10
-20 30 140 120 100 85 75 60 50 80 65 55 45 35 30 20 50 40 30 25 20 15 10-20 40 165 140 120 100 85 75 60 95 80 65 55 45 35 30 60 50 40 30 25 20 15-40 30 190 165 140 120 100 85 75 115 95 80 65 55 45 35 75 60 50 40 30 25 20-40 40 200 190 165 140 120 100 85 135 115 95 80 65 55 45 90 75 60 50 40 30 25-60 30 200 200 190 165 140 120 100 160 135 115 95 80 65 55 110 90 75 60 50 40 30
S460
S690
S355
S420
max. permissible plate thickness tz in mm (safety element ΔTR included)S235
S275
charpy energyCVNsteel
grade
applied temperature TEd in °C
σEd=0,25*fy(t)+σs σEd=0,50*fy(t)+σs σEd=0,75*fy(t)+σs
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 36
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Choice of material to EN 1993-1-10
Olympic stadium Berlin
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 37
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Elbe-bridge Vockerode
Construction at supports
Bridge system and construction
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 38
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Plate thickness for S355 J2G3
125,28
SpanUpper chord
Bottom plates
Support Support
75
40
30 70 30 7070 95 45 70 95 45
40
50 70 50
40
75 115 135 115 85 85 60 60 60 115 140 145 140 115 60 60 60 85 85 115 135 115 75 75145
70
40
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 39
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Rhine-bridge Ilverich (Düsseldorf)
+ 46,71
+ 81,00
[m]
63,00 63,0063,00287,5063,00
Rheinbrücke Ilverich
plates in S460 TM
plates in S460 TM
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 40
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Roof truss for the Sony Center, Berlin
12 m 12 m
12 m 12 m
12 m
12 m
60 m
600 mm
100 mm100 mm
Detail "O"
Detail "S"
Querschnitt I-I
Werkstoff S 460 (Diagonale)und S 690 (Obergurt, Auflager)
Querschnitt I-I
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 41
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Roof truss for the Sony Center, Berlin -Details
Upper chord S
Lower chord O
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 42
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Large scale test specimens for the roof-truss
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 43
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Castor container
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 44
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Bridge St. Kilian
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 45
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Bridge St. Kilian
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 46
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Cast node for the bridge St. Kilian
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 47
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Cast node for the bridge St. Kilian
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 48
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Modelling of joints
φ
= Anfangssteifigkeitj,ini
= Tragfähigkeitj,Rd
= Sekantensteifigkeitj= Rotationskapazitätcd
M
SS
Momenten-Rotations-Charakteristik
Klassifizierung nachder Tragfähigkeit
M = Bemessungswert derAnschlußtragfähigkeit
j,Rd
M = Referenzwertpl,Rd
Klassifizierung nachder Steifigkeit
S = Anfangssteifigkeitj
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 49
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Strategies for optimization
Structural system Distribution of internalforces and moments
Optimised joint
1
St1St1
St2St2
St1
St2
M
φ
2
St1 St1
St2St2
Structural system Distribution of internalforces and moments
c1 c1
c2 c3
St1
St2c1
c2
M
φ
Optimised joint
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 50
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Design Tools
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 51
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
lk
Ed Ed
column buckling lat. tors. buckl. plate buckling shell buckling
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3_λ
P
a0
ab
cd
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3_λ
P
ab
cd
EN 1993-1-1 EN 1993-1-1
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0_λp [-]
χ p [-
]
a0
b
EN 1993-1-5
M
kult
M
kd 1RE
γχα
≤γχ
≤ ,
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0λ
χ
EN 1993-1-6
( )λχ=χαα
==λ=α=α
crit
kult
crit
k
critdcrit
kdkult
RR
RERE ,,
skEd Ed
r
tEd EdEd/2
a
Ed
b
Common design rules for column, lateral torsional, plate and shell buckling
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 52
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Test evaluation for buckling curves and γM-values
Column buckling Lateral torsional buckling Plate buckling
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3_λ [-]
χ [-]
KSL a0
KSL a
KSL b
KSL c
KSL d
Euler
A5.1: IPE160, S235
A5.2: IPE160, S235
A5.3: IPE160, S235
A5.4: IPE160, S235
A5.5: IPE160, S235
A5.6: IPE160, S235
A5.7: IPE160, S235
A5.10: HEM340, S235
A5.11: HEM340, S235
KSL bα=0,34
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2 2,4 2,8_λ [-]
χ [-]
KSL a0KSL aKSL bKSL cKSL dEulerABDFGHIJZ
A
C
B
D
E
F
G
H
I
JZ
KSL aα=0,21
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3_λ [-]
χ [-]
VBK a0VBK bBeulkurve für lok. Lasteinl. nach ENV 1993-1-5KarmanEinseitige Lasteinleitung a)Zweiseitige Lasteinleitung b)Einseitige Lasteinleitung am Trägerende c)
Fall b) Fall a) Fall c)
VBK bαp=0,34
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 53
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Mechanical background of column- and lateral torsional buckling
Column buckling Lateral torsional buckling
1MM
NN
Rky
Ed
Rkpl
Ed =+,,
1MM
NN
FlRky
FlEdy
FlRkpl
FlEd =+
,
,
,
1
MM
1
1eMN
MM
MM
critz
EdzFl
Rky
Flcrit
critz
Edz
Rkz
Edz =−
+
,
,
*
,,
,
,
,1
NN1
1M
eNNN
crit
EdRk,y
*Ed
Rk,pl
Ed =−
+
FlRk,pl
FlRk,y
M*
NM
2,0e ⎟⎠⎞⎜
⎝⎛ −λα=
Rk,pl
Rk,yN
*
NM
2,0e ⎟⎠⎞⎜
⎝⎛ −λα=
11
12,0
*
2MM
M2Fl
2M
MM =λχ−
⎟⎠⎞⎜
⎝⎛ −λ
α=
λ
λαχ+χ
876}1
1
12,0 2NN
NNN =λχ−
⎟⎠⎞⎜
⎝⎛ −λ
α=αχ+χ
22
1
λ−ϕ+ϕ=χ
( )( )220150 λ+−λα+=ϕ ,,
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 54
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Comparison of LTB-curves
0,0
1,0
0,0 1,0 2,0λLT
χLT
Lateral torsional buckling for GIT=oo
Bc b
Lateral torsional buckling for a beamHEB 200
Bc a
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 55
EUROCODESBackground and Applications “New” lateral torsional buckling curves
LTχ
LTλ
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 56
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Experiments
Experiments in Aachen
Experiments in Berlin
Experiments in Bochum
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 57
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Results of test evaluations
Test evaluation acc. to EN 1990-Annex D
Determination of γM-factors
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 58
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
αcrit = 3,41 αult,k= 1,69
Results of FEM
700413691 ,,,
crit
k,ult ==αα
=λ
χLT =0,725
Slenderness ratio
Verification
10111169172501
....Mk,ult
>=×
γ≥αχ
3000
6901
3000 2264 3136 3000
400
950
950
Innerer Flansch: 450/60450/40
450/40
450/40
450/60
450/60
s =26R i e g e l
s=18 s=18
450/60
450/50
2150 kN
298 kN
Flansche rechtwie links
Alle Steifen: 450/18
rigid lateral supports (for out of plane movements only)
fork conditions
„fork“ conditions for in plane and out of plane movements
inner flange: 450/60all stiffeners: 450/18
outer flange
Application of global slenderness concept for a bridge supporting frame
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 59
EUROCODESBackground and Applications General method
cr
kult
Edcr
Edkult
cr
k
RR
αα
αα
λ ,
,
,, ===
( )λχχ =
Verification of a full member or of various parts of a full member
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 60
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Singly symmetrical cross-section in compression
Stress limits
Effective widths
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 61
EUROCODESBackground and Applications General method bending
Small compression strains
Large compression strains
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 62
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Justification of general method
Safety evaluation for all tests on plated structures examined
Input data vrt = 0,08 (geometry und yield strength)
vfy = 0,07 (yield strength) Results
Standardnormal distribution log-normal distribution
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3
re/rt
Qua
ntile
der
Sta
ndar
dnor
mal
vert
eilu
ng
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
ln re/rt
Qua
ntile
der
log-
Nor
mal
vert
eilu
ngb = 1,195 sδ = 0,106 b = 1,221 sδ = 0,130
vδ = 0,0888 (model) vR = 0,1196 (total) vδ = 0,1065 (model) vR = 0,1332 (total) γM = 1,263 Δk = 0,890 γM
* = 1,123 γM = 1,204 Δk = 0,890 γM* = 1,072
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 63
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
ECCS – New tasks – Responsibilities and activities
CEN / TC 250Europ. Techn. Scient. Org.
Commission/JRCCommission/JRCCEN / TC 250Realisation
Member StatesNat. Auth. / NSBs
Member StatesNat. Auth. / NSBs
Member StatesNat. Auth. / NSBs
Member StatesNat. Auth. / NSBs
Activities
Information
CEN / TC 250JRC
Commission/JRCCEN / TC 250
Commission/JRCCEN / TC 250
CEN / TC 250JRC
Responsibilities
Leading org.Support from
FurtherdevelopmentPromotionHarmonisationMaintanance
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 64
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Details of new tasks
CEN / TC 250 – Evolution Paper1. Envolvement in reaction to problems of use of ECs
⇒ Background informations to National and CEN help desks2. Envolvement in mechanism for convergence of NDPs
⇒ Background informations to JRC information platform3. Envolvement in promotion
⇒ Technical guidance, design aids, seminars, workshops4. Envolvement in further developments:
⇒ starter drafts + background documents for• extension of EN-Eurocodes to the assessment and refurbishment
of existing buildings and engineering structures• new Eurocodes for new materials as glass and FRP• reduction of alternative methods by developing a unique European
solution• unified testing procedures• rules for zinc coating• new materials for composite actions• pedestrian bridges
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 65
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Hop dip galvanized structures
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 66
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Modern glass structures
Tribunal de Grande Instance (TGI) de Bordeaux
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 67
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Modern footbridges
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 68
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Modern footbridges – Dynamic actions dueto pedestrians
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 69
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 70
EUROCODESBackground and Applications