Innovative OSV Mothership for UK Round 3 Far Shore O&M

Innovative OSV Mothership for UK Round 3 Far Shore O&M S McCartan

1 and T Thompson, EBDIG-IRC, Coventry University, UK

1 [email protected]

B Verheijden, Academy Minerva, Groningen, NL D Boote and T Colaianni, DITEN, Genoa University, IT C Anderberg and H Pahlm, Division of Maritime Operations, Chalmers University Of Technology, SE SUMMARY

Research has indicated that current wind farm support vessels will not be appropriate for accessing the UK Round 3 far shore wind farms of the North Sea. In order to improve operability of WFSV accessing the far shore wind farms, mothership vessels will be required. Extrapolating the European Wind Energy Association's (EWEA) growth scenario for the period up till 2030 for employment in the installation, operation and maintenance, of offshore wind farms, it will be necessary to recruit land based technicians to meet the demand. Therefore, next generation motherships will need to address the user needs and aspirations of a new generation of technicians, who may not have previous marine experience. This paper presents a mothership concept design proposal, that challenges perceptions of the working and living environment on commercial vessels through the implementation of Design-Driven Innovation. The interaction between innovation of design meaning and technology innovation can transform the market within an industry and even create new market sectors. An analysis of the offshore wind market identified the challenges of vessel financing compared to the oil & gas sector, as a unique opportunity for a common platform technology vessel. The concept presented has an innovative WFSV launch/recovery system enabling a conventional OSV platform to be adapted into a mothership role. Resulting in a more cost effective solution in terms of design and construction that the benchmarked specialist vessels.

1. INTRODUCTION The aim of O&M activities is to optimise the availability and capacity factor of a wind farm whilst minimising costs. In a practical approach to the use of SCADA data for optimised wind turbine condition based maintenance, Gray et al [1] identified the capacity for identification of a wide range of failure modes combined with techniques to identify failure probability, risk ranking and remaining life. This offers great potential for significant cost reductions through improved field reliability. In the analysis of offshore wind turbine O&M using a novel time domain meteo-ocean modelling approach Dinwoodie, Quail and McMillan [2] identified the benefit and limitation in influencing availability by increased access vessel thresholds. The most significant gains at all sites are obtained by increasing vehicle operability from 1.5 m to 2.5m significant wave height, after which gains diminish and a limit is reached that is dependent on failure characteristic of the turbine. For reported failure rates, the limit is approximately 92% significantly below the 97% availability achieved onshore. Although availability is an important metric to indicate how well a wind farm is performing the principle driver for operators is to minimize cost of energy. Investing in a more advanced maintenance vessel, condition monitoring system or refurbishment programme may outweigh the benefit of improved availability.

The cost of energy from offshore wind is between 15% to 30% higher due to O&M costs. These are largely driven by delays in access and repair caused by adverse weather and sea-state, high vessel costs, higher wage costs, and lost revenue from extended down-time. These costs seem to be dominated by vessel costs, while revenue loss is also significant, these are both areas where significant cost savings can be made with condition monitoring [3]. Thus the use of planned maintenance based on condition monitoring and weather window prediction could greatly reduce O&M costs by optimising the capability of vessel used. Crew Transfer Vessels (CTV) are typically 20m+ catamarans operating at 25 to 30 knots with a cargo capacity of 2 to 3 t. They facilitate minor repairs and technical problems which can be solved without heavy lift equipment. They are also required during the installation phase of a wind farm. Operable at significant wave height of 1.8 m maximum with safe access to offshore structures at significant wave height > 1.2 m . These are being superseded by SWATH CTVs capable of withstanding even rougher sea conditions than catamaran designs. They have limited cargo capacity and are operable at significant wave height of 2.5 m maximum, with safe access to offshore structures at significant wave height > 1.5 m. There are two significant factors to be taken into account regarding the utilisation of O&M vessels. The weather conditions, more precisely wave

height, wind speed and water currents, influence the operability of a vessel, personnel safety and accessibility of offshore structures. The distance of the working area to the O&M port determines in conjunction with the vessel’s transit speed the required journey time and therefore the working time on site [4]. It is estimated that during their lifetime these wind parks will require more than 1,000 maintenance interventions, with more than 6,000 personnel transfers between offshore structures and CTVs. It also reviewed a range of proposals for turbine planned maintenance per year. Reporting that BMT Nigel Gee assumed 15 person-days of planned maintenance per year for a standard 5 MW wind turbine and that the Transport consultancy UNICONSULT proposed the following values: a team of 5 technicians deployed for servicing one wind turbine at a time, with two of them likely to become seasick and weakened during the journey, consequently unable to enter the wind turbine, leaving a team of 3 technicians to do the work, manufacturers calculate 6 to 7 technical malfunctions per turbine and year, which can be solved in one day of work or less, 100 % of the wind turbines undergo an inspection once a year, where components are checked carefully and operating supply items are renewed, taking 2 to 3 days per turbine, 100% of the foundations and 50% of the cabling undergo an inspection of 1 day duration each year. Transfer times limit working times on site, the acceptable transfer time is 60 min and the maximum transfer time is 80 min. Resulting in a maximum operable deployment distances of 23 and 28 nautical miles respectively for SWATH and catamaran CTVs. This identifies the need for O&M motherships to address the far shore wind farm, which anchor on site and are able to deploy CTVs. Thus reducing transfer times to less than 0.5 h, resulting in 6 to 10 h of effective on site working time. [4] 2. DESIGN-DRIVEN INNOVATION The process of Design-Driven Innovation is an exploratory research project, which aims to create an entirely new market sector for a given product through changing the design meaning the user has for the product. It occurs before product development, as shown in Figure 1, and is not the fast creative brainstorming sessions that are typical of concept generation but a design investigation similar to technological research [5]. In essence, it is the development of a design scenario through engaging with a range of interpreters in technology and cultural production. Knowledge is generated from immersion with the design discourse of the interpreter's groups. The process can be structured or unstructured and is dependent upon the nature of

the relationship of the client with the interpreters. The interaction between innovation of design meaning and technology innovation can transform the market within an industry and even create new market sectors. The two strategies are complimentary as technological and socio-cultural models are inextricably linked, evolving together in innovation cycles. The successful interaction between design-driven and technology-push innovation is called a technology epiphany, shown in Figure 2, it creates a market leader and in some cases a completely new market sector. It is the basis for successful products such as the Apple iPod. [5]

Figure 1: Design-Driven Innovation as research [5]

Figure 2: The strategy of design-driven innovation

as a radical change of design meaning [5] 2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field of research that addressed the relationship between humans and their surroundings. The term environment includes: natural environments; social settings; built environments learning environments; informational environments. The discipline is both value oriented and problem oriented, with the objective of solving complex environmental problems to achieve individual wellbeing within a larger society. [6] A critical tool to this approach is a model of human nature that predicts the environmental conditions under which humans will

behave. This can help design, manage, protect and/or restore environments that enhance reasonable behaviour, predict the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met, and diagnose problem situations. The field explores a diverse range of issues including the following: the effect of environmental stress on human performance; the characteristics of restorative environments; human information processing; promotion of durable conservation behaviour. Environmental psychology relies on interaction with other disciplines in the design field such as: architecture; interior design; urban planning; industrial design; landscape architecture. [7] Heerwagen [8] refers to the biological foundations of well-being, which distinguishes between “survival needs” and “well-being” needs. Survival needs deal with aspects of the environment that directly affect human health, such as clear air and water, lack of pathogens or toxins, and opportunity for rest and sleep. Well-being needs affect overall health through their relationship to fulfilment, quality of life, and psychological health. Where failure to satisfy survival needs may lead to serious illness or death, failure to satisfy the well-being needs produces the “gray life” of psychosocial maladjustment and stress related illnesses. The following well-being needs were identified as being directly relevant to building design [8], namely:

Opportunity to engage in spontaneous social encounters

Freedom to move between one social phase and another (from solitary work to group interaction)

Opportunity to engage in a full range of typical behaviours (creativity, self expression, cooperation, exploration)

Opportunity for regular exercise

Noise levels not much above or below that in nature

Meaningful change and sensory variability

An interesting visual environment The biological approach forms the basis for a number of other theoretical perspectives relevant to design and well being. The common basis of which is the concept of “biophilia”, the evolutionary tie between people and nature. Taken as a whole, this diverse body of research suggests that building environments that contain the essential features of preferred natural settings will be more supportive of human well-being and performance than environments lacking these features. Considering a commercial vessel as a floating working environment, where well-being of crew is even more significant give the nature and potential costs of operational risks, this offers a potential Transfer of Innovation to support the design process.

There is cross-cultural evidence that natural environments are consistently preferred over built settings, and built environments with trees, vegetation, and water are more liked than those lacking natural elements. Many large building complexes and cruise ships, create indoor garden features with large trees and plants, water features, daylight, multiple view corridors and comfortable retreats. The implementation of these design features substantiates a significant return on investment for the project developers. Heerwagen [8] conceptualize the relationship between buildings and performance using a key framework from organizational psychology: Performance = Ability x Motivation x Opportunity Where performance is a function of the following factors acting together: ability; motivation; opportunity. A building or vessel can positively affect “ability” by providing comfortable ambient conditions, by enabling individual control and adjustment of conditions, and by reducing health and safety risks. A building or vessel can positively affect “motivation” by providing conditions that promote positive affective functioning, psychological engagement, and personal control. A building or vessel can affect “opportunity” by providing equitable access to conditions that reduce health and safety risks, equitable access to amenities, and compensatory design options where inequities exist and are difficult to eliminate entirely. In defining the essence of a good building habitat, Heerwagen [9] refers to research in the behavioural sciences, which suggests a good building habitat supports the following needs and experiences:

• Connection to nature • Sense of community and belonging • Behavioural choice and control • Opportunity for regular exercise • Meaningful change and sensory variability • Privacy when desired

She delineated the features and attributes of buildings that support these needs and experiences. Reporting that many studies show reduced adaptive load (less effort needed to adjust to an environment), reduced stress, improved emotional functioning, increased social support, reduced fatigue, and improved ability to focus attention on important activities. Steelcase research [10] on how the workplace can improve collaboration has identified that converging spatial, social and informational trends are creating demand for workplaces that support new patterns of collaboration.

Knowledge work is accomplished in four different modes, which are essential to the process of building knowledge that in turn drives creativity and innovation: focusing ; collaborating; learning ; socializing. Across the four work modes, workers create and use two types of knowledge: explicit and tacit. Explicit knowledge is the formal, systematic information typically found in documents, procedures, and manuals. In contrast, tacit knowledge is deeply personal, harder to formalize, and learned by experience. Where it is communicated indirectly through metaphor, analogy, mentoring, and side-by-side doing. Heerwagen et al [11] considered the central conflict of collaboration: how to design effectively to provide a balance between the need to interact with others and the need to work effectively as an individual. Features and attributes of space can be manipulated to increase awareness, interaction and collaboration. However, doing so frequently has negative impacts on individual work as a result of increases in noise distractions and interruptions to on-going work. The effects are most harmful for individual tasks requiring complex and focused mental work. Collaborative work is a system of behaviours that includes both social factors (awareness, brief interaction, collaboration) and accommodation of solitary work. There are many ways to support both collaborative behaviours and solitude through the manipulations of spatial layouts, circulation systems, visibility, furnishings and ambient conditions. However, providing the right level of enclosure, density, privacy and ambient control for effective individual work is often in conflict with goals to increase interaction. 2.2 TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION The technology innovation in this design proposal is the use of common platform technology. The idea is that a vessel could be design as a generic OSV vessel with a modular platform capable of being fitted with a transom mounted crane for the launch/recovery of WFSVs. There are two distinct launch/recovery systems under development. The first involves fitting a lifting frame onto both hulls of the WFSV as shown in Figure 3. Here the principle of operation involves driving the WFSV onto a bollard at the transom of the mothership under throttle, to partially constrain the axis of motion of the WFSV, enabling it to operate under Hs 2.5m conditions. A robotic arm system then secures a lifting hook onto the eyelet of the lifting frame. This has a flexible cable based mechanism to allow for the motion of the vessel in the 2.5m Hs sea state. The cable system raises the WFSV above the water and the crane retracts over the deck. At which point the cable lowers the WFSV onto a trolley and track based system, which allows the vessel to be moved

forwards on an electrically powered bogies to make room for the second WFSV to be stored when recovered from the water. The second proposal in development uses the same starting point of driving the WFSV onto a bollard, in this case the use of a lifting cage which is submerged just below the rear of the transom is raised to the underside of the WFSV in its partially constrained condition. It is then lifted clear of the water on a cable system and the crane retracted to transfer it to the deck of the mothership. The challenge in this proposal is transfer of the vessel from the lifting cage to allow the second vessel to be recovered. This will involve a modified track and bogie system to allow the WFSV to be driven forward from the lifting cage and the second WFSV to rest on the lifting cage when recovered.

Figure 3: Operation of WFSV launch/recovery system 3. DESIGN CONCEPT The aim of this concept was to design a purpose built 130m vessel which has the capabilities of comfortably accommodating up to 50 wind farm technicians, vessel crew and 4 WFSVs. The objective was to engage in Design-Driven Innovation to create a new market sector of vessel. The idea being to develop an OSV platform with the technical innovation of a launch recovery system that could be applied to a general OSV so that the vessel could be adaptable between offshore wind and Oil & Gas to provide less investment risk due to adaptability.

The innovation in design meaning was to engage the user in the emotional design of high end luxurious interior design experiences informed by the principles of Environmental Psychology of the work space. The key objective of which is to create an optimised working environment supporting high motivated individuals in a low stress working and living environment and managing the relationship between the nature of these two distinctive functional spaces on the vessel. Having a stress free living environment will help increase team morale and productivity. It will also be beneficial for the wind farm industry as it will help retain work force, who are expensive to train and difficult to replace. This was achieved through an application of superyacht and automotive design exterior design language combined with application of the principles of Environmental psychology to enhance the user experience of the interior. The focus on achieving wellbeing through the sensory perception of a luxurious interior space and effective worker interaction, was fundamentally a compensation for the seakeeping of the OSV platform compared to a SWATH platform. The rationale being that the cost of an OSV being in the region of 50% that of a SWATH, the additional interior design costs would be marginal by comparison. This proposal builds upon the hypothesis of Keeling et al [12], that traditional ideas of comfort may not be necessary if alternative aspects of wellbeing can be achieved. 3.1 EXTERIOR FORM DEVELOPMENT The stylised exterior form has a structural glass roof feature, which acts a collector panel for a light tunnel system, which distributes natural light within the areas of the ship devoid of natural views. Inspired by sculptural and superyacht forms the exterior form was developed around the visual metaphor of a hand clasping a pebble. The hull is perceived as a visual form of strength that wraps itself around the pebble form of the accommodation module. The flowing sculptural form of the exterior, shown in Figure 4, seamlessly integrates the bridge level with the rest of the hull. The exterior design process began in side profile, were the dynamic stance of the visual form was developed, the visual mass of the exterior was moved forward to help create the dynamic stance make the vessel look as if it was moving when stationary. Refined through the use of line analysis to resolve relationships between lines and surfaces. The use of continuous horizontal windows in the fore section of the pebble connect it to the rear section which has a very different open deck form. The use of the flat architectural glass structure below the bridge gives it an imposing sense of scale from large architectural forms. The bulwark is horizontal towards the transom as the visual mass

of the WFSVs balances the bow pebble form. The use of a colour break between the hull and wrapping architecture structure with a surface form inspired by automotive styling and the pebble form, emphasizes the relationship between to the two entities the sense of one clasping the other.

Figure 4: Render of final exterior form proposal 3.2 GA AND INTERIOR DEVELOPMENT The interior was informed by the principles of Environmental Psychology as discussed in Section 2.1. The design objective was to create a number of interior design proposal for the key areas of the vessel. The key areas of the vessel were not only designed around aesthetics but also the atmosphere that the design would create. After a work shift the technicians would want to return to a very relaxed, tranquil environment. This was achieved through the use of very simplistic clean surfaces in the technician room concepts. The interior has been specifically designed to the gender balance issue of technicians in the industry. The first interior design area focused on was the restaurant with integrated lounge, on the basis that this was the most important area on the mothership as it was the first room the wind farm technicians experience before and after their work shift. The changing room is also an important area as it facilitates the technicians in making the transition from work environment to the living environment. The main objective in developing the GA was to segregate the working and living environment. The main deck houses the WFSV and the hospital to recover injured technicians directly for treatment from the WFSVs. There is also an office and stores on the main deck. The upper deck has changing rooms and office spaces. Above the working decks are the living decks, where Deck A is populated with technician rooms. Deck B has technician rooms, senior technician rooms, gym, health spa and a relaxation room. Deck C has the galley, stores, restaurant with integrated lounge, lounge room, meeting room and cinema/briefing room. Deck D contains the bridge and bridge crew meeting room.

3.3 INTERIOR DESIGN 3.3 (a) Restaurant with integrated lounge This concept is a Scandinavian minimalist interior, with the use of cream and light wooden floors. The layout is shown in Figure 5. There are four distinctive types of area, in the distance there is a serviced dining area for 40 people with integrated technology with the table for the user to interact with a menu and place an order. A partition segregates this from the communal informal lounge seating and individual loungers in the middle ground. The individual loungers have reed features to make them isolated from each other and the space. The Communal informal lounge sofas have a recessed space and a table and overhead lighting identifying them as separate spaces and adding to the mood of the interior space. The coffee table area to the right has 16 places in tables of four for more intimate discussions without eating. There is a coffee and juice bar facing the round recessed lounge tables.

Figure 5: GA of restaurant with integrated lounge

Figure 6: Informal communal areas The use of mood lighting shown in Figure 6, that draws you eye towards the informal communal areas. The reed and bamboo dividers reinforce the sense of privacy of the lounge beds. The coffee and juice bar (Figure 5) serves as a cultural focal point where people can interact and meet. It also services

all the areas. The use of acoustic baffles suspended from the ceiling as a lighting feature gives a sense of isolation at the bar rather that a loud acoustic space. 3.3 (b) Technician's Room The technician's room concept, show in Figure 7, uses a smart wall to simulate views of nature as well as interactive media content. The minimalist design and the use of light wood and lighting make it appear spacious. The use of a Murphy bed in the design enhances the design meaning making it feel like a small apartment luxury lounge, by enhancing the sense of space when the bed is stored.

Figure 7: Use of Murphy bed to adapt space 3.3 (c) Meeting Room The meeting room concept is shown in Figure 8, where the acoustic absorbers on the ceiling have the smart wall as a focal point. The shape of the tables facilitates the viewing angles from all the chairs to ensure a clear view of the smart wall for all users. The use of an industrial style surface pattern provides sensory variability for the user. The continuous horizontal window provides views of the seascape. The integrated tablet workstation technology at each seat combined with individual

viewing screens provides the capability to work in small groups and individually, with the transition between the two modes of working facilitated by customised social media tools. The use of the smart wall facilitates virtual collaboration with a range of group sizes.

Figure 8: Views of meeting room

3.3 (d) Changing Room The changing room proposal layout is shown in Figure 9. Entering from the right the drying facilities are on the left with the toilet to the right. This is followed by 3 changing benches with 2 integrated storage spaces and 2 hairdryers. Moving left there is a whole body air drying system at the entrance to a 4 cubical shower area.

Figure 9: GA of changing room The view of the entrance from the shower unit is shown in Figure 10, with the view of the lockers from the toilet area shown in Figure 11. The use of lighting and the contrast of highly reflective surfaces to granite gives it a clinical feel and modern style appeal. This modern style approach creates the impression that a room is larger than it actually is. The minimal use of textures and bold geometric forms in the furniture, combined with the use of neutral colours accented with a single bold colour along with polished finishes and asymmetrical balance of layout are key identifying features of this style. Use of radius edges at floor and ceiling accentuate the perception of height.

Figure 10: View of changing room entrance

Figure 11: View of the lockers from the toilet area 4. DISCUSSION

The design of the mothership platform as an

offshore workplace and accommodation will have to

facilitate the following activities and support the

identified cultural aspects:

Launch and recovery of 4 semi-SWATH

WFSV

Accommodation and provision to support 4

x12 person WFSV crews for a 2 weeks on/

2 weeks off maintenance operation at

Dogger Bank in the North Sea.

Promote team work within maintenance

teams

Improved morale through providing a

positive experience working and living

environment

Train technicians in TQM to condition

monitor plant

Effective communication between all levels

of organisation

Recognition of all suggestions and

achievements for teams and individuals The innovative use a crane system on a OSV platform minimizes the vessel length and hence platform costs. The two recovery solutions proposed will be evaluated in the further work of the

authors. Future changes in the PAX regulations of CTVs and crew transfer to turbine technology could radically modify O&M strategy business models. This requires the mothership to be a highly adaptable platform that can be readily and cost effectively reconfigured for a range of CTV types and deployment solutions. The distinctive exterior form gives the vessel a strong presence upon the water and potentially a brand language. In the automotive industry both from the customer’s and society’s viewpoint, styling carries an important statement about a vehicle’s owner’s character. For most customers, the message sent out by their vehicle’s styling is as important as its objective technical features, such as performance, even if this statement is understatement. Exterior styling is responsible for that visceral response of 'love at first sight'. The fact that styling is as important for a vehicle’s marketing success as its technical properties has been known since the 1930s. The recent exterior design developments by leading companies in the commercial vessel sector shows that they are developing an appreciation of the marketing value of exterior form as part of the brand value and perception . [13] The activities of wind farm O&M due to system complexity have a strong focus on knowledge work. Heerwagen et al [14] suggest that mobility, collaboration and sustainable practices must be considered holistically, as part of a larger workplace strategy, in order to effectively support individuals and teams. Thus facilitating a clearer understanding of knowledge work used to inform the design and management of workplaces. People socialize according to instincts that evolved to solve the problems of group living, but we now belong to groups in which people are joined not by proximity but by common purpose, often through electronic media. This new social paradigm is facilitated by social media, which can disseminate information widely and rapidly. Resulting in the following new social behaviours: alone together; virtual together; virtual immersion; random virtual encounters; virtual self; virtual presence. If managed and integrated into work practices and culture they can make organizations more effective. This is the rationale for the significant level of IT provision in the meeting room. Third places are social places that contribute to a community identity such as restaurants and cafes. They should provide engaging, welcoming environments that are accessible, a space where people can easily socialize. “Fourth places” are third places deliberately designed for work that people can use on a drop-in basis. An example of this in the design

is the restaurant with integrated lounge, which is fully provisioned for tablet use. The first stage is an Environmental Psychology model such as NetWork [14] is to understand the needs and activities of project teams and individual workers and translate that understanding into requirements for settings, affordances and infrastructure. This is achieved through developing a user scenario of the vessel based on dialogue with key stakeholders. The key activities of the WFSV mothership are focused on the wind farm technicians, in the context of TQM activities within their maintenance role. Essentially the vessel has the bridge crew, the wind farm vessel crews and the wind farm technician team. The wind farm technician team consist of four groups of 12 technicians of which there are 4 lead technicians. They manage and plan the maintenance schedule through VOIP dialogue with a harbour based team manager, who leads the simulation and planning teams. These teams develop and refine computer based models of system maintenance and weather windows, communicating with mothership crew, WFSV crew and lead technicians. Lead technicians have a responsibility for encouraging and managing TQM culture within the mothership. The critical crew members who's needs must be addressed in the design process are the technicians, in essence they are mobile office workers who are at sea with no or limited experience of the offshore environment. The second stage of the NetWork platform [14] of support involves creating new work settings and their infrastructure, including those tools and protocols needed by workers outside of the places controlled by their employer. From an analysis of the identified activities considering the Y-generation approach to developing social networks with a focus on informal collaboration communication. Provisioning specification for interior zones will now be discussed. Engaging in the principles of biophilia, the central focal point of the design was the interior of the restaurant with integrated lounge area to enable previously land based technicians to experience well-being through a connection with nature through the combination of large windows and key biophilic references such as plants and natural materials. While the primary function of the dining room is eating, the actual daily usage of the space for this activity is low. Adaptability of the space was therefore critical to support the objectives of the design brief. The range of space types allow staff to meet both formally and informally supported through integrated IT systems such as retractable large screens for communication and team work. All of these facilities must be optimised through the development of communication and planning software to allow

individuals to know where people are, what they do and what events or activities are happening. The individual tablet will be the conduit for such information which would require a significant amount of integration design and app development, which is outside the scope of this initial proposal. The technician's room have a smart glass wall with images of the natural environment and to give them the design meaning of a land based coastal small apartment. Natural light is used to promote well being further applying the principles of biophilia, this is achieved through the use of light tunnels. A minimalist interior design approach with adjustable mood lighting to promote a positive experience of space is used. The use of a computer, tablet terminal or large smart glass screen enables technicians to connect with family and friends and also facilitates CPD and informal work communication. The well resolved bathroom proposals give the feel of a small apartment rather than a commercial vessel. Living and working in the same space requires a formal demarcation between activities, even though people continue to work in fourth spaces. This is achieved through the design of the changing room, which has to communicate the design meaning of a transition between the key formal work area and the accommodation areas of the vessel. The changing area has been designed as a personal space with storage for work ware and personal items to help the user develop an affinity with the space. The briefing room is essential for face-to-face communication before a 12 hour maintenance shift and afterwards for debrief communication as a integral part of TQM activity. The use of simulated environment views engages in biophilia. The inclusion of VOIP technology in technician rooms to allow technicians to make a brief connection with friends or family before starting work will keep them socially connected. To help the technicians maintain fitness the gym will be implemented as a 4th space, fully equipped for technicians to engage in knowledge work while exercising on a treadmill or other exercise machine. These activities could include report writing through voice recognition software and CPD training material. The third stage of the NetWork platform [14] involves managing and adapting this system of settings, infrastructure and support over time to address changing needs. This is outside the scope of this design proposal. To achieve an objective assessment of the platform innovation, the implementation of Environmental Psychology in GA configuration and interior design proposals, the engagement with DDI will be assessed. This will involve the development of an assessment tool in further work of the authors. It will be developed in

the context of a business model of O&M activities and implemented through dialogue with the EBDIG-IRC industry network, as part of the ongoing EBDIG-WFSV project. 5. CONCLUSIONS Future changes in the PAX regulations of CTVs and crew transfer to turbine technology could radically modify O&M strategy business models. This requires the mothership to be a highly adaptable platform that can be readily and cost effectively reconfigured for a range of CTV types and deployment solutions. The two CTV launch/recovery solutions proposed will be evaluated in the further work of the authors in this context to quantify potential benefit and ROI. The recent exterior design developments by leading companies in the commercial vessel sector indicates that they are developing an appreciation of the marketing value of exterior form as part of the brand value and perception. The proposed exterior form requires consideration of manufacturing cost given the challenges of the double curvature form. It also needs to be evaluated in terms of the emotional response of stakeholders. Given the significant knowledge work nature of the technicians role in the O&M activities in the offshore wind sector, Environmental Psychology offers a significant opportunity for Transfer of Innovation from the built environment to the commercial marine sector. The NetWork model [14] offers a more complete approach to the support for work based on: thoroughly understanding what work is and how it is carried out; provisioning individuals, teams and the places over which the organization has control or influence. The critical activity for Marine Designers is to engage in thoughtful analysis of the behaviours and processes that are most important and then to design the work settings to support them. To support the full range of behaviours the implementation of new technologies and applications is critical, requiring an effective engagement in Environmental Psychology to address the challenges they pose, such as the loss of face-to-face interaction virtual collaboration. 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Romica Engineering Ltd for supporting the crane discussions of the Marine Design project presented in this paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge the grant support received to carry out the work presented in this paper as an integral part of the Leonardo TOI funded project EBDIG-WFSV, funded under the EU Lifelong Learning Programme, grant number: UK/13/LLP-LdV/TOI-621. The content of the publication is the

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