Innovative Engineering Solutions to reduce the stress on Natural Water Resources Brook Hill Chief Environmental Engineer Minerals & Metals WorleyParsons.

Innovative Engineering Solutions Innovative Engineering Solutions to reduce the stress on to reduce the stress on Natural Water ResourcesNatural Water Resources

Brook HillChief Environmental Engineer

Minerals & Metals

WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd

Why we have to act (Green)

Population: 6 billion rising to 10 billion by 2050 Forest: over 50% of all forest cover lost Between 1 – 1.5 billion people without access to clean water Ocean Health: claims that 75% fish stocks destroyed worldwide Biodiversity: largest species extinction in 75 million yrs Climate Change: $10 trillion in economic damage

We can’t just continue burning more coal

and we can’t continue wasting water !

Fresh water use by industry, Gladstone, Central Queensland

and an old solution isn’t going to help

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Burn Coal

Drought

Desalination

CLIMATE CHANGE

OUR RESPONSE

We need to develop new approaches

Which put costs against previous ‘externalities’;

Which incorporate these costs into business models;

To enable us to secure management support and ‘buy-in’;

And which drive behavioural, process design and operational changes.

What can we change?

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What can we change ?

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First Step to Resilience is Future Proofing

Move the accounting perspective (decision window) out to the future.

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Expanded Decision Window

Normal Decision Window

Future proofing of projects

Now 20 Years

$8/T $20/T $85/T? Cost of CO2 emissions$0.1/m3 $ 1.0/m3 $5/m3? Cost of Water$0.05/kWhr $ 0.50/kWhr $1/kWhr? Cost of Energy

Cost of Waste Disposal Cost of Compliance

Second step – measure and analyseSecond step – measure and analyse Gladstone Region Water Demand by End UseGladstone Region Water Demand by End Use

Cooling water and Transfer losses by customerDecember 2003

Callide C, 30.1%

Callide B - 29.2%

Orica Chemicals , 2.2%

Stag Creek Transfer losses, 16.4%

Boyne Smelters, 1.4%

Queensland Alumina, 15.1%

Comalco Stage 1, 5.6%

Next steps – review all usageNext steps – review all usage

Do more with less – evaluate increased solids Do more with less – evaluate increased solids density in slurries / pastes / filter cake depositiondensity in slurries / pastes / filter cake deposition

‘‘Future proofing’ means putting ‘future’ cost rather Future proofing’ means putting ‘future’ cost rather than ‘historical’ costs into water pricing modelsthan ‘historical’ costs into water pricing models

Best Appropriate Practice – value engineering Best Appropriate Practice – value engineering examines the contribution of water in the process – examines the contribution of water in the process – and examines and examines qualityquality of water required. This often of water required. This often encourages use of lowest quality water / seawater encourages use of lowest quality water / seawater for low value uses such as cooling ;for low value uses such as cooling ;

Total Quality Management - excess material useage Total Quality Management - excess material useage (incl water use) is a variance from TQM - zero (incl water use) is a variance from TQM - zero defects and zero waste are now key business defects and zero waste are now key business drivers;drivers;

And start to widen the perspective

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Sustainability

Impact Reduction

Efficiency

Conventional project

engineering: NPV focus

with Strategic Economic Analysis

To enable a Whole Project Cost Benefit Analysis

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Whether you take a social view (Green)

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World is changing− Inexorably rising population− Huge stress on natural world− Massive resource demands− Species extinctions− Changing climate− Significant global risks for humanity

To meet challenge:− Build in business resilience− Facility modification− Increase efficiency− Reduce energy consumption− Clean up, reduce emissions− Engage stakeholders

Or a financial view (Black)

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World is changing− Increasing energy costs− Increasing resource costs (water, etc)− Tightening legislation− Public opinion and community attitudes changing− Increased costs of environmental and social compliance− Volatility

To meet challenge:− Build in business resilience− Facility modification− Increase efficiency − Reduce energy consumption− Clean up, reduce emissions− Engage stakeholders

Client’s Perspective – API Sustainability Reporting

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Social Progress Environmental

Stewardship

Socio-Environ

S

SocioEconomic

Eco-efficiency

New Solution

Economic Growth

New Paradigm

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Customer’sProcessing Plant

Inputs

Sid

e E

ffec

ts

Products

Typical Inputs• Raw Products• Energy• Water• Chemicals

Plant Types• Power Stations• Refineries• Hydrocarbon production• Waste Treatment

Secondary Effects

• Flue Gas clean up – potential CO2 recovery

• Heat recycling and recovery• Solid and Liquid Waste reuse and improved disposal• Spent Chemicals recycling and recovery

Outputs• Electricity• Refined products• Crude Oil / Gas

Increased focus on efficiency, lower energy and water use with reduced environmental impact

EcoNomic Evolution

Long pastYesterdayEcoNomics

Branding

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Nomics - …from the Greek ‘nomikos’ meaning lawWikipedia… Laws of logic and natureShorter Oxford English Dictionary‘Nomic is a game in which changing the rules is a move. - Peter Suber, the creator of Nomic, The Paradox of Self Amendment, App 3 P362

Economics…The science that deals with production, distribution and consumption of goods and services or the material welfare of human kind.

The maximization of human welfare.

Eco -…from the Greek ‘oikos’ meaning house.

Used as a prefix (as in ecology, ecosystems) concerned with living thing in relation to their environment.

EcoNomics is a whole new way to deliver projects

Select and design for sustainability from the outset Look outside the facility limits Look over the longer term Explicitly monetise all environmental and social risks, impacts

and opportunities Mandate the entire project team to achieve sustainability

objectives Train wide range of staff to contribute to sustainability within a

project Embed best available technical capabilities within project teams Proprietary tools and systems to support the project

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Working examples

Filter cake residuals

Working examples

Thickened tailings and central deposition

Working examples

Dry stack tailings

Working examples

Dry tailings disposal LaCoipa Atacama