Industrial Engineering The University of Iowa Working Paper No. ISL_01_10_2005 Innovation Science: A Primer Andrew Kusiak, Professor Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2139 Seamans Center The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 - 1527 Tel: 319-335-5934 Fax: 319-335-5669 Email: [email protected]http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/~ankusiak Iowa City, IA October 2005
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Industrial Engineering The University of Iowa
Working Paper No. ISL_01_10_2005
Innovation Science: A Primer
Andrew Kusiak, Professor Intelligent Systems Laboratory
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2139 Seamans Center
The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 - 1527
4. Innovation Enhancing Tools Numerous tools have been developed in support of innovative design of products,
including TRIZ (TRIZ Journal 2005), the creative problem solving (CPS) process
(Daupert 2005), and the innovation technology (IvT) approach.
TRIZ was developed to foster innovation by analyzing the patterns of problems and
solutions, rather than relying on the spontaneous creativity of individuals or groups
(Domb 2003). This is done by focusing on a problem in its basic form while
simultaneously understanding that the problem considered is rarely the one to be solved.
TRIZ handles three basic problems: the technical conflict and physical contradiction
problem in which a solution creates another problem; the inventive problem where before
a problem is solved, the solution of the conflict must be resolved; and the creation of the
ideal machine/process in which something simplistic is constructed from a concept (Siem
1996).
The CPS (Daupert 2005) is a problem solver for a generation of innovative solutions.
During the solution generation process, combining convergent and divergent thinking is
used to produce numerous potential solutions, while the user imagination is used freely to
aid in the creation of innovative and working solutions.
Another approach used by engineers is the innovation technology, IvT, approach. It relies
on various tools for problem-solving, e.g., modeling, simulation, virtual reality, data
mining, artificial intelligence, rapid prototyping, high throughput chemistry, and high
throughput screening. These technologies are becoming ubiquitous in the innovation
process. The IvT approach has been used in the recent high profile projects, e.g., the
design of the Millennium Bridge in London, reconstruction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,
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the design, creation, and building of the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, and solving
London’s roadway congestion problem (Report 2004). Other innovation tolls include
CREAX (Creax 2005), Visual Mind (Visual Mind 2005), and Pull Thinking (Pull
Thinking 2005).
The above tools cover some aspects of the innovation space. Research is needed to
identify gaps and explore other methodologies and tools enhancing innovation, e.g.,
creativity fostering tools. Yamamoto and Nakakoji (2005) described an interactive tool
that impacts user's cognitive processes.
5. Conclusion Increasing innovation awareness by the discovery of the underlying science is critical to
corporations’ becoming progressive, competitive, and better prepared to handle future
adversities. Innovation can fill the gap created by the shift in low-end manufacturing jobs
and growing global market competitiveness. The paper outlined the need for the
discovery of theories, processes, methodologies, and tools enhancing innovation. Some of
the tools supporting innovation, e.g., genetic programming and data mining could be
embedded in prototype software and integrated with the existing computational systems.
Pattern discovery from data surrounding design, process, and service applications - and
therefore data mining - and likely to become major solution approaches of the innovation
cyber-infrastructure. The ramification and use of the existing theories (research is needed
to formalize them), methodologies (e.g., group thinking, brainstorming), and innovation
tools (e.g., TRIZ) needs be better understood, and new progressive models,
methodologies, and tools should be developed.
Acknowledgement Some of the ideas included in the paper have been discussed with my University of Iowa colleagues Clar Baldus, Linda Boyle, Patrick Butler, Yong Chen, LD Chen, Lawrence Fritts, Nagi Gebraeel, Jeffrey Marshall, Albert Ratner, Thomas Schnell, Lisa Troyer, and Stephen Morford from the US Army, Rock Island Arsenal, IL. The term innovation science has been coined by the author of this paper at the NSF Workshop on Engineering Design in 2030.
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