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Innovation in Teaching –Challenges and Opportunities
R. Paul SinghDistinguished Professor Emeritus,
University of California, Davis
"GCHERA World Agriculture Prize 2015, Laureate Lecture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 20 September 2015"
GCHERA World Agriculture Prize 2015, Laureate Lecture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, 20 September 2015
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Change is tough to manage
But even harder when you don’t see it coming!
How to mindfully manage change in a shifting terrain
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Classroom
Laurentius de Voltolina- 14th century
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Educating the Food Engineer for
2030
Technology in Education
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Generation Cohorts
Generation Year of Birth
Great Generation 1901-1924
Silent Generation 1925-1944
Baby Boomers 1945-1964
Generation X 1965-1977
Millennials (Generation Y) 1978-1996
Generation Z (?) 1996- present
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1983First Millennials entering Kindergarten
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First Millennials entering Kindergarten
http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1983/1101830103_400.jpg
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Changes in Workforce
Command and Control Collaborative leadershipTraditional Workforce 21st century Workforce
Lynch A. (2014)
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Changes in Workforce
Command and ControlInfluence through organization
Collaborative leadershipInfluence through networks
Traditional Workforce 21st century Workforce
Lynch A. (2014)
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Changes in Workforce
Command and ControlInfluence through organizationTop down information
Collaborative leadershipInfluence through networksAccess to information at every level
Traditional Workforce 21st century Workforce
Lynch A. (2014)
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Changes in Workforce
Command and ControlInfluence through organizationTop down information
Managers as experts
Collaborative leadershipInfluence through networksAccess to information at every levelKnowledge workers as experts
Traditional Workforce 21st century Workforce
Lynch A. (2014)
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Millennials’ Expectations
• Transactional relationship with higher education, a necessary consumer good
• Expect professors to be accessible and approachable
• Change jobs frequently• Instant access to vast amount of information• Personalized and beautiful content - produce
and share
US Chamber of Commerce 2012
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Educational Content - Expectations
• Highly engaging delivery of content– 65% like engaging content– 47% like interactive games
Fenich, G.G. et al. (2012)
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In 2030, today’s toddler will be an undergraduate student in College
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In 2030, today’s toddler will be an undergraduate student in College
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Technology in Education
Enhance Learning in Classroom
Improve Access to Education
Examples
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Technology in Education
Enhance Learning in Classroom
Improve Access to Education
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Multiple intelligences among learners
Howard Gardner, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University
http://s.huffpost.com/contributors/howard-gardner/headshot.jpg
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Linguisticlectures, notes,
books
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Logical-mathematical
reasoning, conceptual thinkers, models,
calculations
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Visual-spatialgraphics, photos,
video
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Bodily-kinesthetic
models, laboratories
Interpersonalclass discussion,
office hours
Musicalsounds, turning
lessons into lyrics
Intrapersonalindependent study
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• Instructor • Student
• Poor grades in examinations• Inability to perform well in the follow
up classes• Lack of motivation
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Food Processing Equipment
Online animations available at : http://rpaulsingh.com/animations/animations_master.html
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Gold Standard of Student EngagementHands-on Lab Experience
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Internet-Assisted “Hands-on”Experiments
• Goal: Use the Internet to create real experiments that are conducted by a user to obtain real-time data.
• USDA Higher Education Challenge Grant 1999-2001
• Undergraduate Instruction Improvement Funds• UC-Mexus Funds
Rover on Mars
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Internet-assisted Experiments
• Internet-assisted experiments conducted by – UC-Davis students in Winter 2000 and Winter
2001– Students from two universities from Mexico
and one from Argentina– Instructors from New Zealand, Korea, France,
and Japan
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Virtual Laboratory• Conduct virtual experiments to augment
hands on laboratory experience• Use simulations from research• Simple and easy to use, and design for
teaching with pedagogical objectives.
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Food Sterilization -- Canning
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Virtual Experiment on Food Canning
Online virtual experiments available at : http://rpaulsingh.com/learning/virtual/virtual.html
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Lectures are cost-effective but pedagogically unsound.
“A great way to teach but a terrible way to learn”
The Future of College,The Atlantic Magazine, September 2014
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Bloom’s Taxonomy –Levels of intellectual behavior in learning
Hierarchy of learning begins with factual knowledge.
ComprehensionFactual Knowledge
ApplicationAnalysis
SynthesisEvaluation
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• Instructors should inspire students to think!• Students learn how to put the pieces together
in a different manner• Problem solving, Creative solutions
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Online Course on Food Freezing
• 2001• Ten modules with text, animations, process
calculations, quizzes.
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Hybrid Course on Food Freezing
• Students required to view a module prior to attending class.
• A ten-minute quiz at the beginning of each class period.
• Benefit: Engaging discussion, active involvement of students.
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• An undergraduate hybrid course taught at UC Davis since 2002
• “Flipped Classroom”
FST 151 Food Freezing
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Video Games – Immersive Learning
• A state of the art video game incorporating food science, microbiology, chemistry and “fun.”
• “Beer Island” --- Selecting raw materials for a brewery and plant tour. (USDA Higher Education Challenge Grant)
• Sardine Factory “Revenge of the Sardines”(ISEKI, EU Project)
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Technology in Education
Enhance Learning in Classroom
Improve Access to Education
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Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC)
• Began in Spring 2012• EdX (Harvard and MIT) , Coursera (Stanford)• “Circuits and Electronics”. 150,000 students
worldwide signed up, and 7000 students passed it
• Course taught with same level of staffing as would be for 100-200 students at MIT
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Video Tutorials in Food Science/Engineering
(For a Flipped Classroom)
www.rpaulsingh.com
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Video Tutorials available at: http://rpaulsingh.com/learning/videos/video_top.html
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Google Analytics:Video Tutorial Views
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Google Analytics:Video Tutorial Views
9,428 hrs1 year 27 days
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Google Analytics:Video Tutorial Views
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Google Analytics:Video Tutorial Views
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Role of Instructor?
• Online experiences are useful supplements to in-class experiences.
• Yes! As an instructor you need to be there in the classroom.
• Inspiration and wisdom that only mentors can deliver.
• Learning could be interactive and project based, including students learning from each other, and instructors providing mentoring and guidance
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Opportunities for Instructors
• Develop Web-based material to teach skills that focus on:– Finding information– Evaluating information: Making critical
judgements about its value, reliability, and validity
– Creating and distributing information and knowledge via the many communication forms--text, video, graphics, conversation
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Challenge for Administration
• Evaluate and reward faculty for creativity and scholarship in teaching and distance learning.
• Use the Internet as a resource in sharing development of teaching materials.
• Cyberschools for training the educators.
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Educating the Food Engineer
for2030
www.rpaulsingh.com
www.youtube.com/rps8tube
www.facebook.com/rpaulsinghacademy