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CAETS COUNCIL MEETING Brussels , May 31, 2006INAE PROPOSAL

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION Dates : Jan. Feb. 2007Venue : Indian Institute of Technology Madras, ChennaiRequire : CAETS endorsement ; Participation of Member Academies.Presentation by : Prof. R. Natarajan Vice-President Indian National Academy of Engineering.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION(proposed by INAE; Jan.-Feb. 2007, IIT Madras, India)

In recent years several National Academies of Engineering have identified Engineering Education as one of their major issues of concern:Development and Education of Engineers ; Enhancing and Promoting Engineering Education : Argentina, Australia, China, France, GermanyIncreasing Attractiveness of Engineering Education and Retention of Students : Argentina, India, U.K.Quality of Engineering Education Offerings : Argentina, IndiaPromoting Industry Institute Interaction : Argentina, India, U.K.Research and Ph.D. Education : BelgiumEngineering Education and Engineers for the 21st Century: Canada, U.K., U.S.Issues relating to the Bologna Process : Croatia


Significant Changes in the practice of Engineering as a profession in the new millennium :Constraints imposed by environmental considerationsCustomization demanded by diverse customersOpportunities offered by technology developments in several sectorsAvailability of sophisticated diagnostic and computational toolsWide choice of materialsImplications of Globalization, such as , for example, Innovation as the basis of Competitiveness

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION(proposed by INAE; Jan.-Feb. 2007, IIT Madras, India)An Extended List of Themes ( to be consolidated ):Engineering EthicsFuture / Emerging Directions :Job RequirementsFaculty Roles and ResponsibilitiesTechnology Areas Multi- / Inter- disciplinary FeaturesEnergy and Environment constraintsGlobalization imperativesRole of National Academies of EngineeringQuality Assurance mechanismsInternational comparisons


Industry Academe PartnershipsInculcating Design and Innovation competenciesEntrepreneurship developmentRole of Engineering ExperimentationEquivalence of Engineering qualificationsStrategies for enhancing collaboration and interaction between CAETS member academiesTechnology enhanced Learning initiativesDeveloping Academic LeadersDistance Education and Virtual University initiativesRole of corporate universitiesGovernance structures of Engineering Institutions


Systems of Regulation and their effectivenessEducational costs and tuition feesStudent mobility and credit transfer arrangementsFaculty shortagesTeaching and Learning in the electronic environmentInternational collaboration arrangements for Education and ResearchEngineering Education and Engineers for the 21st centuryResearch and doctoral educationIncreasing attractiveness of Engineering Education and retention of Students


Objectives ( What is planned to be achieved ):Exchange of Information on individual National Engineering Education systems of CAETS member AcademiesCompilation of Fact FilesPromotion of interaction between Fellows of CAETS member AcademiesSharing of experiences and learning of Best Practices from each otherPotential for bilateral / multilateral collaborationFocus attention on Engineering Education as an important concern of Engineering Academies

A SWOT ANALYSIS OFTHE INDIAN ENGINEERING SYSTEM

STRENGTHSStrong interest among our youth to study Engineering.

Considerable admission capacity has been created by the private sector.

Increasing interest of Industry Associations (CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM, NASSCOM) and of Professional Societies to partner and collaborate with academic institutions.

WEAKNESSESEngineering Education perceived as a business opportunity by some.Severe shortage of qualified and competent faculty, especially in ICT.While there are islands of excellence, these are rather few in number.Lack of interest among graduating engineers for pursuing either research degree programs or teaching careers.

A SWOT ANALYSIS OFTHE INDIAN ENGINEERING SYSTEMSTRENGTHSThe Accreditation initiatives of NBA are serving to promote quality improvement in Engineering Education

The TEQIP scheme funded by the World Bank will provide the necessary resources for upgradation of about 100 institutions in the country.

Growing employment opportunities, especially in the IT and ITES sectors.

WEAKNESSESLack of availability of Engineering Ph.Ds for faculty positions.Lack of adequate industry-institute interactionMismatch between education received by graduates and job requirements.The widely prevalent affiliating system in our universities precludes timely curriculum updating and introduction of innovative reforms.


STRENGTHS

Recognition of the role of Engineering and Engineers in several sectors relevant for national development.

Significant role of Engineers in strategic sectors, such as Space, Atomic Energy and Defence.

WEAKNESSESThe recent boom in IT and ITES sectors has caused a disproportionate increase in admission capacity in IT disciplines, at the expense of other disciplines.

While the admission capacity at the UG level has been on the rise, a corresponding growth at the PG level has not taken place.


OPPORTUNITIES

IT tools are becoming available for Technology-Enhanced Learning, for widening the reach, and improving the effectiveness of Engineering Education.Distance Education possibilities, especially for Continuing Education.Networking of technical institutions, at different levels, for mutual benefit; sharing of resources; undertaking major projects.

THREATS

In the emerging GATS scenario, Quality concerns need to be addressed urgently.Competition from international players.The non-uniformity in the geographical distribution of Engineering Institutions causes regional imbalances, and inter-state migration of students.

A SWOT ANALYSIS OFTHE INDIAN ENGINEERING SYSTEMOPPORTUNITIESNetworking of technical institutions with R&D labs

and industry.Many alumni are offering substantial support to their Alma Maters.The role of Technology and Engineering Education for national development and prosperity is widely acknowledged.

THREATSThe tendency of our students to prefer IT-related courses, and to shun other disciplines.The tendency of research scholars to prefer computer-based research over experimental research.Lack of interest among our youth to pursue Science careers is bound to weaken the Science-base.

STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

STAKEHOLDER REQUIREMENTS & EXPECTATIONS

Needs and Expectations = f (category, individual) : Employers : immediate applications of Knowledge and Skills acquired Productivity Students : Both immediate employment and long-term employability Parents : Prosperous careers for their wards. Faculty : Effective Learning by Students

THE XXI CENTURY TEACHERS

The whole notion of Teacher as disseminatorof knowledge is turned on its head;while in the old scenario, the teacher was the boss,in the new scenario, the teacher becomes the facilitator.

"The teacher is no longer the sage on the stage,but the guide on the side".

The teacher is becoming less centralto the learning process(Will IT, like what we thought of ET,replace teachers; make them superfluous?)

SOME UNREASONBLE EXPECTATIONS OF XXI CENTURY LEARNERS

Learning is easy, requires no effortAccess to information = Acquisition of knowledgeAcquisition of knowledge and skills = ExperienceLike instant food, there is instant knowledge, instant skills, instant experience.Prosperity requires no hard work, sacrifice.

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS OFTHE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

PAST REQUIREMENTS

SkillsProduct-centricGraduate Cost of doing businessPassive participationJust-in-caseStatic contentMandatedInstructor-led courses

FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

KnowledgeLearner-centricLife-long learningA competitive advantageActive participationJust-in-timeCustomized contentSelf-directedLibrary of learning methods

GLOBALISATION--DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS OF DCs AND LDCs

Sector

Developed Countries

Developing Countries EconomyFavorable trading opportunities

expanded marketsderegulationenhanced privatizationcurrency integrationEducationEnhanced markets for educational products , processes and servicesmaking up for reduced indigenous demandstudy opportunities abroad for those who can afford itCompetition to local institutionsEmploymentleads to erosion of jobscompetition from low wage work force from LDCs leads to off-shore jobsopportunities for short-term employment abroad

THE SYMBIOTIC AND SYNERGISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY

University is the intermediary between two important Stakeholders: Students Employers

We need bridges between Engineers in University and Industry through committed Educators, Researchers and Professionals.

The two Partners need and depend on each other, and derive mutual benefit from the partnership Symbiosis.

The overall impact can be much greater when the two partners function in phase and in resonance Synergy.

It is necessary to create a win-win partnership for both partners.

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM

I. INPUTSStudentsXXI Century LearnersFaculty Shortages

-- Ph.Ds and PGs in short supply-- Not a prime option for graduatesLeadership and Vision :

Awareness : yes Availability: in short supplyParticipation of Private Sector

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMII.OUTPUT REQUIREMENTSTransformed Nature of Employment:Emergence of Knowledge Industry & EconomyICT-enabled Manufacture and ServicesOutsourcingFall in Full-time EmploymentObsolescence of knowledge and skillsChanges in Job RequirementsDisappearance of Jobs and Creation of New Jobs

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM Globalization and Internationalization:Domestic as well as Foreign employmentOff-shore employmentKnowledge of Foreign Culture, Laws.WTO, GATS

Market EconomyCustomer SatisfactionLPGIdentification of and concern for

Stakeholder NeedsEmphasis on Continuous Professional Development.

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMIII. ENVIRONMENT, AMBIENCESignificant Impact of Technology on:Education, Industry, Commerce, Lifestyle,Entertainment, SocietyDemand for Mass EducationWidening of Disparities:Technology DivideDigital DivideProsperity DivideLiteracy/Education Divide


Increased Uncertainty, Lowered Predictability

Importance of Institute-Industry Interaction

Potential of ET and ICT for enhancing the effectiveness of Learning

Distance Education / Virtual University Initiatives


Changing Employer Employee Loyalty Relationships : Implications of:Lifetime employmentOutsourcingDown / Right-sizingHire and Fire

Quality Assurance and Accreditation

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMIVRE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMChanging and Emerging Roles of:Leadership, Governance Faculty : Teaching, Mentoring, Assessment Support ServicesRedefined Goals of Technical Education:Quality, Excellence, World-ClassInternational CompetitivenessNational Relevance

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMRedefined Goals of Technical Education (contd):Appropriate Technical EducationIdentification of Stakeholders, andFulfillment of their RequirementsEmerging Demands of the ProfessionProfessional Ethics and Human ValuesSocial and Societal ResponsibilitySustainable DevelopmentEnvironmental and Ecological ResponsibilityResource Conservation

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMPerspective Planning:Manpower DevelopmentDiscipline-wise distributionRegional distributionLevel-wise distribution : Degree / DiplomaPh.D and P.G. programsEmerging Thrust Areas

RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEMEmerging Models:Technological UniversitiesDeemed UniversitiesVirtual Universities / Distance EducationAutonomous vs Affiliated InstitutionsTwinning arrangements with foreign institutions"Brick" , "Click" & "Hybrid" Models.

SOME CURRENT ISSUES

I .Which Stakeholder should dictate our System?StudentEmployer / RecruiterInstitutionFaculty

SOME CURRENT ISSUES II Conflicts :Short-range perspective of Employers vs. Long-range perspectives of AcademicsSoft skills demands of Employers vs.Hard skills focus of Academics. A person with hard skills, but no soft skills: 'Nerd', not a Leader A person with soft skills, but no hard skills: Bluff-master, gas-bagInstitution's perception of a Faculty memberas a Commodity, a 9-5 worker; a commoditywhich can be purchased in the market.

SOME CURRENT ISSUES III Internal Brain Drain (criticized)Students given professional education (Engineering , e.g) taking up careers un-related to their education and trainingParticularly, Marketing, Advertising, Finance attract criticism.We have learned to accept External Brain Drain :Brain Gain, Brain CirculationThe Success of the Silicon Valley EntrepreneursOffshore jobs from IndiaAlumni support to their Alma MatersContribution to National Pride

THE NEW MILLENNIUM PARADIGM FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION The New Millennium Paradigm must incorporate the integration of several features which existed as separated entities till now.Initial Education +

Institutional Component + Formal Education + Education +Quantitative Expansion + Technology + Traditional Instruction + Print Media +Traditional Libraries +Educational Technology + Teaching +Continuing Education (Lifelong Education)Industry ComponentNon- / In-formal EducationTrainingQuality AssuranceManagementWeb-based InstructionElectronic MediaDigital LibrariesInformation TechnologyLearning

The New Millennium Engineering Education is a : multi-disciplinary multi-mode multi-media multiple-partner Enterprise.

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