Injuries Injuries http://utpo.lf1.cuni.cz [email protected] (password: firstaid) [email protected] Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing
Dec 23, 2015
InjuriesInjuries
http://[email protected] (password: firstaid)
Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing
SHOCKSHOCK
Mechanism Heart Pump failure Blood vessels Pipe failure Blood Fluid loss
Causes Bleeding Burns Head and spine injuries Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries Heart attack Asthma Poisoning …
SHOCKSHOCK Mechanism
Signs
Initially: Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds Sweating
As shock develops: Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips Weakness and dizziness Nausea and possibly vomiting Thirst Breathing is shallow Weak thready pulse
As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens: Altered mental status Restlessness and aggressiveness Gasping for air Unconsciousness
SHOCKSHOCK Mechanism
Signs First aid
interventions
ABCDE Treat Cause Treat for shock
Position Prevent body heat loss
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year
adult
Blood 700 1400 2000 3800 5000volume (ml)
20% 140 280 400 760 1000
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Haemorrhage
Arterial Venous Capillary
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet
Amputation
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
External bleeding
Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening
First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock
Position Prevent body heat loss
BURNSBURNS
Thermal Chemical Electrical
First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
BURNSBURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical
First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
BURNSBURNS
Thermal Chemical Electrical
First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
Risk Severity
BURNSBURNS
Thermal Chemical Electrical
Stop burning ABCDE Treat Cause
Cooling Dressing
Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
First Aid Interventions
BURNSBURNS
Thermal Chemical Electrical
ABCDE Treat Cause
Remove chemicals Dressing
Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
First Aid Interventions
BURNSBURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical
Risk
VF cardiac arrest Respiratory arrest
Muscle spasm
Safety!!! Assess - CPR Treat Cause
Cooling Dressing
Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
First Aid Interventions
HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES
Wounds Fractures
Brain injuries Concussion Contusion
Compression First Aid Interventions Assess - CPR Treat for shock
Position Prevent body heat loss
SPINAL INJURIESSPINAL INJURIES
Responsive victim Unresponsive victim
First Aid Interventions ABCDE Avoid unnecessary movement Treat for shock
CHEST INJURIESCHEST INJURIES
Rib fracture Flail chest
First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause
Support chest wall
Treat for shock
CHEST INJURIESCHEST INJURIES
Hemothorax Pneumothorax
First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause
Seal the wound
Treat for shock Position
ABDOMINAL INJURIESABDOMINAL INJURIES
Closed injuries Open injuries
First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock
Blow to the abdomen
ABDOMINAL INJURIESABDOMINAL INJURIES
Closed injuries
Open injuries Penetrating wound Protruding organs
First Aid Interventions
ABCDE Treat Cause
dressing Treat for shock
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES
AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS
Fractures Dislocations Sprains Strains Open wounds
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES
AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS
Signs
DOTS Deformity Open wounds Tenderness Swelling
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES
AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS
Signs
CSM Circulation Sensation Movement
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES
AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS
First Aid Interventions Rest Ice Compression Elevation
RESOURCESRESOURCES
National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR.
Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier
Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett
http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321-
1C29-70E6185019A27B4E