Initial Environmental Examination Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project June 2017 NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Gorkha)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
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Initial Environmental Examination
Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project June 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Gorkha)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Assessment Document
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project,
Gorkha
Submitted to
Government of Nepal
National Reconstruction Authority
Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Submitted through
Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU), Lalitpur
Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP)
Submitted by:
District Coordination Committee, Gorkha
Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP)
June, 2017
IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha i
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Name and Address of the Proponent .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Restructuring at Local Level ....................................................................................... 2 1.4 Rationale of the IEE.................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Objectives of the IEE Study ........................................................................................ 4 1.6 Methodology Adopted ................................................................................................. 4
1.6.1 Project Area Delineation .................................................................................. 5
1.6.2 Desk study and Literature review: .................................................................... 5
1.6.3 Field Investigation: ........................................................................................... 6
1.6.4 Database Preparation, Analysis, Prediction and Assessment of Impact ........... 8
1.6.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment/Evaluation Method .............. 9
1.6.6 Study Team: .................................................................................................... 9
1.7 Limitations of the IEE study: ..................................................................................... 10 2 Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...................... 11 3 Description of Project ................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project .................................................................................... 15 3.2 Description and Location .......................................................................................... 15 3.3 Salient Features of the Sub-project .......................................................................... 19 3.4 Components and Activities of the Sub-project .......................................................... 20 3.5 Construction Approach ............................................................................................. 20 3.6 Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................... 20
4 Description of the Existing Environment ....................................................................... 21 4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology................................................................... 21
Geology and Soil type ................................................................................................ 21
4.1.2 Land Use ....................................................................................................... 23
4.1.3 Climate and Hydrology ................................................................................... 25
4.1.4 Landslide and Erosion Prone Area ................................................................. 25
4.1.5 Air, Noise and Water Quality .......................................................................... 26
4.2.2 Protected Flora and Fauna ............................................................................ 29
4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ............................................................... 29 4.3.1 Population Distribution, Caste/Ethnicity and Occupation ................................ 31
4.3.2 Detail of Population Status of ZoI ................................................................... 32
4.3.3 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households: .......................... 35
4.3.4 Status due to Earthquake:.............................................................................. 36
5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Benefit Augmentation/Mitigation Measures .... 38 5.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ................................................. 38
5.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ........................................................................... 38
5.2 Beneficial Impacts and Benefit Augmentation Measures .......................................... 38 5.2.1 Construction Phase........................................................................................ 38
6 Analysis of Alternatives ................................................................................................ 54
IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha ii
6.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................................ 54 6.2 Proposal Alternatives ................................................................................................ 54 6.3 Alternative Alignment ................................................................................................ 54 6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ......................................................... 54 6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ............................................................................ 54 6.6 Alternative Resources .............................................................................................. 54
7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ........................................................... 55 7.1 Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 55 7.2 Information disclosure .............................................................................................. 59 7.3 Consultation with Stakeholder to Implement EMP .................................................... 59
9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ...................................................................................... 63 9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures ........................... 66 9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan ......................... 77
9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities ........................................ 77
9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ........................................ 78 9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ....................................................................................... 78
9.6 Monitoring Indicators ................................................................................................ 81 9.7 Major Costs for Environmental Safeguard Measures ................................................ 88
10 Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................................... 89 References ......................................................................................................................... 90
List of Figures
Figure 1: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project in Gorkha District ....................................... 16 Figure 2: Map showing Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road . 17 Figure 3: Ecological Map of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Sub-project ......................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4: Geological Map of the Road and surrounding area .............................................. 22 Figure 5: Percentage of HHs with Occupation .................................................................... 32 Figure 6: Land Holding Pattern of Settlements along the Road Corridor ............................. 34 Figure 7: Number of Households Belonging to Different Food Security Category ............... 34 Figure 8: Earthquake Affected District ................................................................................. 36 Figure 9: Housing Damage due to Earthquake ................................................................... 37 Figure 10: Source of Drinking Water Damage due to Earthquake ....................................... 37 Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................. 61 Figure 12: Environmental Management Organisation Structure .......................................... 66
IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha iii
List of Tables
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs/Municipality of Gorkha District ............................... 3 Table 2: Categories of several project-affected areas ........................................................... 5 Table 3: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines .................................. 11 Table 4: Salient feature of the sub-project ........................................................................... 19 Table 5: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ................................................................... 20 Table 6: Summary of the Surface Geology along the Road ................................................ 21 Table 7: Slope Grade and Geological Condition for Cutting Slope / Filling .......................... 21 Table 8: Soil Type along the Road ...................................................................................... 22 Table 9: Land Use Type along the road .............................................................................. 23 Table 10: Forest along Road............................................................................................... 27 Table 11: List of protected flora and fauna found along the project area ............................. 29 Table 12: Population and Ethnicity in Indirectly Impact Area ............................................... 30 Table 13: Other facilities along the then Municipality and VDCs ......................................... 30 Table 14: Distribution of Population with Household along the ZoI ...................................... 31 Table 15: Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites ................................................................ 35 Table 16: Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ......................................... 35 Table 17: Types of climate change impacts, possible consequences for transport and insight from climate change scenarios on regions affected and associated level of confidence. .... 50 Table 18: Summary of Meeting Minutes .............................................................................. 55 Table 19: Institutions and their roles ................................................................................... 63 Table 20: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ....................................... 67 Table 21 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................... 69 Table 22: Environemntal Monitoring Cost ........................................................................... 78 Table 23: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE .......................................................... 81 Table 24: Compliance Monitoring for Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project ................................................................................................. 83 Table 25: Impact/Effect Monitoring of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Sub-project ................................................................................................. 85 Table 26: Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures ................... 88
List of Appendices
Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ............................................................................ 93 Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist ............................................................................. 105 Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ...................................... 107 Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist .............................................................................. 111 Appendix V: Project Cost .................................................................................................. 120 Appendix VI: Public Notice ................................................................................................ 124 Appendix VII: Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka) ........................................................................ 127 Appendix VIII: Recommendation Letters ........................................................................... 136 Appendix IX: Meeting Minutes with Local People .............................................................. 142 Appendix X: Socio-economic Data of Sub-project Area .................................................... 157 Appendix XI: Name of Organization Contacted ................................................................. 164 Appendix XII: List of Persons Contacted ........................................................................... 165 Appendix XIII: Trees to be cut down ................................................................................. 166 Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected Structures ................................................... 194 Appendix XV: Photographs ............................................................................................... 221
IEE of Luitel – Aappipal – Harmi Bhanjyang – Thalajung – Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha iv
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank
AP Affected Person
CBO Community Based Organization
CDC Compensation Determination Committee
CDO Chief District Officer
CF Community Forest
CFUG Community Forest Users Group
Ch Chainage
CISC Central Implementation Support Consultants
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CLPIU Central Level Project Implementation Unit
CR Critically Endangered
DADO District Agriculture Development Office
DDC District Development Committee
DCC District Coordination Committee
DFO District Forest Office/Officer
DIMU District Implementation Management Unit
DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads
DOR Department of Road
DLPIU District Level Project Implementation Unit
DPR Detail Project Report
DRCN District Road Core Network
DSC Design and Supervision Consultant
DTO District Technical Office
EA Executing Agency
EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework
EEAP Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 2
total of 450 km district roads damaged by the earthquakes and landslides will be
rehabilitated and reconstructed under the EEAP. Project roads and bridges will be
rehabilitated following the Build Back Better features for road safety and climate resilience.
5. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) under the Ministry of Federal
Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) is the implementing agency for the district roads
sub-component. EEAP has established Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU),
headed by Project Manager to implement the rehabilitation and reconstruction program.
CLPIU is supported through its District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU). The
technical and environmental supervision is supported by DCC/DTO.
6. Environmental safeguard measures are vital in order to assess the environmental
consequences of the rural road for rehabilitation and upgrading in order to suggest
appropriate, practical and site specific mitigation and augmentation measures. Hence, the
terms of reference (ToR) is prepared to conduct an IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi
Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road, Gorkha district under EEAP.
1.3 Restructuring at Local Level 7. Government of Nepal has declared the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13
sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities. The restructured bodies have come into force
with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. The village
assembly and municipal assembly will make decision on this after the election in rural
municipality and municipality.
8. With the publication of this notice by GoN, old local bodies like VDCs/DDCs are
dissolved. A previous VDC has virtually turned into ward(s) of the municipality or ward(s) of
Rural Municipality (RM). MoFALD has circulated local level administrative operation order,
2073 for continuing and managing services at local level untill the elected members take
over the rural municipality, municipality and district assembly. DDC will be operated in name
of District coordination committee (DCC). The duties and responsibilities of DDC will be
carried by DCC. Project run by DDC will be run by DCC for this fiscal year. Multi-year
project run by DDC, funded by GON and donor agencies, will be operated as per decision of
ministry. This report presents the role and responsibility of institution for implementing
environment management plan in a model, before the publication of restructuring notice. The
role and responsibility has and further will be automatically transferred to concerned
agencies as GoN decision related to restructuring of local level.
9. The project affected then Thalajung, Harmi, Chhoprak, Jaubari VDCs are now
restructured as wards of Siranchok Rural Municipality (RM), Hanspur VDC has been
restructured as ward of Ajirkot RM and wards of Palungtar municipality has also be
restructured (please refer Table 1 for detail).
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 3
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs/Municipality of Gorkha District
1.4 Rationale of the IEE 10. An IEE of the upgrading road is necessary in order to assess the environmental
consequences of the rural road construction activities and suggest appropriate, practical and
site specific mitigation and enhancement measures. This is District road core network
(DRCN)3 according to Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055) 1st Revision, September 2012 of
the Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads. Therefore, it is
a legal requirement by the Government of Nepal (GoN) according to Act relating to
Reconstruction of the earthquake affected structures 2015, Rule relating to Reconstruction
of the earthquake affected structures 2016, working procedure relating to EIA for
Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016 and first amendment (2016) and
clause 2 of schedule 1 pertaining to section 3 of working procedure relating environmental
impact assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structure, 2016.
11. According to Nepali legal provision, preparation of IEE report by concerned District
Coordination Committee (DCC) and approval of IEE report by the National Reconstruction
Authority (NRA), is considered sufficient and Nepali legal provisions in essence satisfy
ADB's requirements. EEAP falls under category "B" project where IEE is mandatory for all
sub projects according to Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB.
12. This IEE report of road sub-project in Gorkha district is prepared based on the Terms
of Reference (ToR) approved on 2072/12/12 B.S. (25/03/2016 A.D.) by the Secretary level
decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) which is given in
Appendix I but the Final IEE report will be submitted to National Reconstruction Authority
(NRA). The climate Change checklist is given in Appendix II. Total road length in ToR was
39 km but the length of road in detail design is 30.575 km only. So, this IEE report has been
prepared for 30.575 Km. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist was also
considered during IEE report preparation as given in Appendix III.
3 A Road within the district joining a VDC headquarter (HQ or a growth centre to the district HQ directly or via other VDC(s), a
neighboring district HQ or the strategic road network is called “district road core network”. Other roads which are not included in this network are village road.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 4
1.5 Objectives of the IEE Study 13. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study include :
Provide information on the general environmental setting of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi
Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road area as baseline data.
Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical,
socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area
Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement
measures, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project
Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the road sub-project
1.6 Methodology Adopted 14. Necessary information was generated through field study and literature review to
accommodate all issues as included in the approved ToR to analyze environmental impacts
on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural issues. Primary level of information was
generated through questionnaires, checklists (Appendix IV) and data sheets walk-through
survey. Secondary information was collected through reports, profiles, maps etc. Total civil
work cost was estimated and given in Appendix V.
15. ToR was approved as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997. The IEE approach,
methodology and procedure were followed according to the provisions of the Act relating to
Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, Rules relating to Reconstruction
of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, working procedure relating to EIA for
Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016 (first amendment, 2016). It
followed methodology suggested in the approved ToR for IEE Study (review of literature,
sample survey/inspections/observations making simple measurements, discussion with
communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team judgment). According to working
procedure relating to EIA for Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, 7
days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public
notice was published in 2072/12/25 B.S. (07/04/2016 A.D), Himalayan Times, a national
daily newspaper (Appendix VI) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality,
concerned then VDCs, then DDC, DFO, schools, health posts and related local
organizations; immediately after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997.
16. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations
and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected (see Appendix VII). Recommendation
letters were obtained from concerned Municipality, then VDCs as given in Appendix VIII.
Furthermore, local people were contacted and interviewed to solicit information. Focus group
discussions (FGDs) were held within the various settlements along the ZoI (one and half
hours walk from the centerline of the road or 5 km distance). Meeting minutes are given in
Appendix IX. Socioeconomic data of households within road corridor were analyzed and
summarized in Appendix X. The district level officials, then VDCs, municipality and
community groups were also contacted to verify information (Appendix XI & XII). Plantation
plan has been prepared (Appendix XIII). Based on the analysis of information the impacts
have been predicted, mitigation measures prepared and monitoring plan has been
developed. Please refer Chapter 7 for details about public consultation, participation and
disclosure.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 5
1.6.1 Project Area Delineation
17. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the preparation
of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of project
development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE process.
Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are classified
as the following Table 2:
Table 2: Project Area Delination
Category Description
Directly Impact Area
(ward level)
Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes
the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary
structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry
sites and stock piling sites including their access
GPS and Digital Camera as per need including checklist were used for necessary data and
information investigation. Surface geology of the road alignment was measured and
described in the site.
26. Slope stability and natural hazards information were investigated through
topography/terrain observation and with consultation of local people. Likewise, landslide and
soil erosion prone sections were observed critically. Field investigation was based mainly on
site observation and key informants' interviews.
27. Present air, water and noise pollution’s qualitative data was collected through direct observation, consultation with local people. Study of land use types was carried out mainly
through field observation with the help of strip map, topographical maps and consultation
with local key informants. During detailed field investigation land use data available from
Walkthrough Survey was also verified.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 7
b. Biological Environment
28. In biological component, existing situation and possible impacts on wild flora and
fauna were studied in relation to risk of project implementation.
Data Collection Method for Forest Vegetation
29. Relevant information and data were collected through alignment walk-through
including grid lines count, discussions with knowledgeable key informants, CFUGs and other
stakeholders at the site as well as with the help of standard reference (Polunin and Stainton
1984). Botanical nomenclature followed Press et al. (2000). In general, possible impact on
forest area, especially on road formation width (i.e. especially 6.25 m width including areas
with drains and other structures) were discussed. Name and address of forest with chainage,
forest type by management, existing road width in forest area, name and number of trees
species to be cut from each forest and private land were identified with the help of CFUG's
member. Total enumeration was done for tree loss assessment. Data on NTFPs was
collected through direct observation and consultation with local people.
Data Collection Method for Wildlife and Avifauna
30. For information on terrestrial and aquatic fauna as well as avifauna, consultation was
done with member of CFUGs and other forest user groups, and key informants involved in
the forest related activities including local knowledgeable person. Information on mammalian
species and their movement was obtained from discussions with the local pople, members of
CFUGs etc. Identification of mammalian species followed Baral and Shah (2008) and
Shrestha T.K. (1997). An inventory of avifauna was performed by direct observation and
consultation with local people.
c. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment:
31. Local enumerators and assistants were hired for administrating household survey
questionnaire from the project affected area. They were trained on survey methodology,
tools and process to identify likely affected land plots and their owners for household census
survey. Then, the trained local enumerators and assistants were mobilized for administrating
household survey and data collection. The Socio-economic Surveyor supervised the
enumerators whereas the Socioeconomist and the Team Leader monitored the data
collection process in the field. Field survey for collection of baseline data/information on
socio-economic and cultural environment was conducted in the proposed project area (i.e.
road alignment from Luitel of Palungtar Municipality to Bhachhek of Ajirkot RM (then
Hansapur VDC) of Gorkha district).
Households (HHs) Survey:
32. The detailed household survey was carried out with all project affected households
whose land and other properties (e.g. structures, fruit, fodder, timber trees) was to be fallen
within Right of Way (RoW), and would be permanently acquired. The project affected
households were identified after delineating likely affected parcels of land on Cadastral
Survey Map and with the help of local key informants especially who were involved in walk
through survey time. Trained local enumerators visited each identified households and
interviewed the household heads or/ available respondents and filled out the survey forms
under direct supervision of Socio-economic Surveyor and monitoring by the Socio-
economist.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 8
Focus Group Discussion (FGD):
33. This method was administrated with local community within the major clusters /
locations. In general, the participants were local persons of the affected households
including other households from the project community. The discussions was focussed to
record the existing baseline socioeconomic condition including opinion, issues and concerns
of the project affected people and stakeholders related to the proposed road project. The
FGD also gave opportunities to interact with the concerned public and stakeholders, to know
their concern, views and suggestions on road alignment route and location, land acquisition,
relocation of private and public infrastructure and utilities, including other social issues and
concerns, and to know their view on likely environmental issues/impacts and suggestions
and advices need to be considered in the IEE study.
Key Informants Interview (KII)/Stakeholder Consultation and Observation:
34. The KII technique was applied among the key informants and the relevant
stakeholders such as local elite people, community leaders, school principles / teachers,
business and governmental and non-governmental organizations / institutions. With the help
of KII technique information on socioeconomic and cultural environments and also potential
impacts due to project intervention were gathered. In addition, overall observations were
made and photographs were taken to cross check the data and information.
1.6.4 Database Preparation, Analysis, Prediction and Assessment of Impact
35. The required data for the study was collected through primary and secondary source
as mentioned above and database was prepared. The collected data were analyzed
qualitatively and quantitatively to establish existing baseline information on physical,
biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. Data and information from the
questionnaires/checklists were entered on processing data entry layout. Data analysis and
interpretation of physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments were
carried out by the respective domain specialists. Then interpretation was made based on the
results obtained. In brief these are presented here under.
a. Data Analysis and Interpretation
Physical Environment
36. The collected existing baseline condition information and data on such as topography
(i.e. elevation, aspect, and slope), geology and soil type were analyzed. Similarly, qualitative
data on air, water and noise pollution status were analyesd. For instances, measure
discontinuities data were used for slope stability assessment. Likewise, slope stability in
rocks was analyzed with the help of DIP Version5.1. The physical environmental information
(e.g. topography, climate, geology, soils, land use, slope stability, hydrology) was tabulated
to the extent possible. The output of analyzed information and data were interpreted in
logical, sequential and consistent order.
Biological Environment
37. The biological environmental information (e.g. tree and wildlife species, and bird
species) collected from primary and secondary sources and were tabulated. Then the
recorded species were compared and verified to the list prepared by IUCN Red Data Book,
CITES and List of Endangered, Rare and Threatened Plant Species published by GoN.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 9
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
38. The collected socio-economic data were entered in MS Excel 2010 and processed as
required. Similalrly, qualitative data related to socio-economic and cultural environment was
analysed to create the existing baseline. Suggestions made by the local people and
stakeholders' during public consultation was was considered for benefit augmentation
measures and mitigation measures for adverse impacts are proposed.
1.6.5 Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment/Evaluation Method
Impact Identification
39. Based on field visit observation and consultation meeting with local, issues that may
trigger due to project intervention were identified and prioritized. From the exercise both
types of beneficial and adverse impacts were identified for IEE study. The impacts were
categorized as per environmental domain (i.e physical, biological, and socio-economic and
cultural environments). Likewise; an impact that may trigger under different phases of project
implementation (i.e. construction and operation) was also taken into account for the
assessment.
Impact Prediction
40. By and large, extrapolative (i.e. predictions on the basis of past and present data,
and trend analysis), and experts` experience and judgment (applying past experience and
knowledge of the experts) methods were applied for impact prediction.
Impact Assessment/Evaluation:
41. The assessment of environmental impacts was derived exclusively from the baseline
environmental conditions of the affected environment with the project activities in relation to
spatial and temporal aspects in terms of magnitude, extent and duration of impacts. The
impacts have been predicted in terms of their magnitude (minor, moderate and high), extent
(site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term). Evaluation of
the level of significance of impacts was made based on prevailing legislative setup,
numerical values with scoring (National EIA Guideline, 1993), consultation with stakeholders,
expert’s past experience and other criteria.
1.6.6 Study Team:
42. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site
inspection and observation. Data collection was done from 10/04/2016 to 17/04/2016 AD
(2072/12/28 BS to 2073/01/05 BS) by the the IEE team. The team members are listed
below:
Team Member:
Dr. Madhav Giri – Environment Expert
Ms. RamanKala Majakoti – Environment Expert
Ms. Nita Adhikari – Environment Expert
Mr. Tulsi Giri – Sociologist
Mr. Madan Neupane – Geologist
Mr. Hari Krishna Shrestha –Road Engineer
Mr. Ram Prasad Pathak – Biologist
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 10
1.7 Limitations of the IEE study: 43. The study has following limitations:
Recommendation of detail spoil management plan is suggested, however, it has not
been attached as a part of IEE.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 11
2 Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project
44. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of
environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following legislative
(refer Table 3) provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the Project.
Table 3: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines
A Constitution
1 The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment
as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt
appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on
the nature, environment or biological diversity.
B Act and Regulations
2 Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.):
This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended)
and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the
earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame
rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct
its business (Section 31).
3 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to
take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for
various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the
Act.
4 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children
including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any
means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be
obtained from concerned body.
5 Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the
conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation
activities
6 Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values,
including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other
commodities.
7 Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial
uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also
keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water
resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the
effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.
8 The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with
occupational health and safety.
9 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to
declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The
Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure,
vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation.
It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting
in a land where any of the acts has been done
10 Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR
to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR
by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 12
11 National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides
protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.
C International Conventions
12 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES),
2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade
in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose
numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their
extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES
Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this
convention is attracted in case of their trade.
13 Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of
biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects
that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.
14 Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries,
2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide
their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the
plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the
indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.
D Rules and Regulations
15 Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It
provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties
and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination
Committee.
16 Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for
implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.
17 Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests
and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates
that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss
or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the
amount of compensation to be paid.
E Plans and Policies
18 National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified
restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of
its strategic recovery objectives.
19 Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical
infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.
20 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy
has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the
provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and
rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.
21 Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the
importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and
regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the
access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic
growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environment
protection.
22 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It
requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid,
minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and
implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 13
implementation.
23 20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of
Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection
to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent
road network of the neighboring districts and countries
24 Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000
A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and
safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should
find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental
assessment activities viz. Screening, IEE, Scoping, EIA and Monitoring.
F Work Procedures, Guidelines and Others
25 Local body restructuring notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number,
boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.
26 Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of
Earthquake Affected Structures (Fundamental Procedure), 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) and First
Ammendment, 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking
reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for
different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement
for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the
format of IEE and EIA.
The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes
(under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new
construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval.
27 Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S.
(2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence
from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or
provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO.
28 Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and
scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for
the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes nad forest fire
29 ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It
elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of
Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental
assessments and environmental management plans.
30 ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of
resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS.
31 Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local
body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials
extraction and local roads, on their own.
32 Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This
framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to
materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of
environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household,
tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as
follows:
Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local
development planning process.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 14
Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.
Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.
Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.
Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of
environment.
33 Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards
for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network,
including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.
34 National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been
instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed
a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing
adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.
35 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding
framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable
use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of
genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up
to 2020) strategies and priorities for action.
36 Government of Nepal: Work Procedure for Providing the Forest Land for Other Use, 2063
B.S. (2007 A.D.): Forest area will be provided for the national priority projects only. Provision for
the compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) equivalent to the forest area lost from
the construction of the road/bridge. If the trees lost have more than 10 cm diameter, then 25 times
more new trees will be planted.
37 Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development,
2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues
alongside the technical, financial and other issues.
38 Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation
of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple
methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis
is given to prevention rather than cure.
39 APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.):
Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented
construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.
40 Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural
Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999
A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper
alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased
construction.
41 Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S.
(1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects,
procedures for public participation, and socio-economic consideration. The Environmental
Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for
implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These
environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design,
construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-economic
issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage.
Tallopam, Chittapokhari, Bhalumare, and Thumki gaun, Thaneswor, Harmi Bhanjyang,
Aappipal and Baddada. The road does not pass through any protected areas, historically
and archaeologically sensitive areas.
48. This road has been proposed for upgrading for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The
road passes through forests, cultivated land and settlement area crossing stream (khola)
named Hudi khola at the various chainage of 12+735, 13+010, 13+720, 14+220, and
14+750.
49. Length of this road is 30.575 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of
the road is estimated NRs 774,030,012.11 and civil work cost is NRs. 701,147,466.30 (Refer Appendix V).The location of the road is illustrated by the Figure 1, 2 and ecological
features by the Figure 3.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 16
kerosene, 393 HH uses LP gas and 210 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 1,926 HH
uses electricity, 175 HH uses kerosene. 333 HH don’t have toilet facility, 1,213 HH have flush toilet and 558 HH have ordinary toilet. In Hansapur VDC, HH size is 3.96. For drinking
water purpose 712 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 852 HH uses firewood, 24 HH
uses kerosene, 43 HH uses LP gas and 1 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 452 HH
uses electricity, 418 HH uses kerosene and 51 HH uses solar. 156 HH don’t have toilet
facility, 317 HH have flush toilet and 448 HH have ordinary toilet. In Thalajung VDC, HH size
is 4.00. For drinking water purpose 672 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 667 HH uses
firewood, 10 HH uses LP gas and 4 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 631 HH uses
electricity, 48 HH uses kerosene and 2 HH uses solar. 158 HH don’t have toilet facility, 224 HH have flush toilet and 229 HH have ordinary toilet. In Harmi VDC, HH size is 3.80. For
drinking water purpose 534 uses waterpipe. For cooking purpose, 763 HH uses firewood, 1
HH uses kerosene, 21 HH uses LP gas and 119 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose,
800 HH uses electricity, 103 HH uses kerosene and 2 HH uses solar. 192 HH don’t have toilet facility, 415 HH have flush toilet and 446 HH have ordinary toilet. Detail is given in the
Table 13 beolw.
Table 13: Other Fcilities along the then Municipality and VDCs
district. However following cumulative impacts may arise due to the construction of this road
Sub-project:
Beneficial Impacts
173. There will be increase in number of immigrants, due to various infrastructure facilities
such as employment generation during road construction. The availability of the road can
enhance the business, market and other infrastructural developments.
174. Construction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and
costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm based enterprises, including a
wide range of agricultural and livestock products, will also gain momentum as a result of
transportation facilities. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock
products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly,
there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly
dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.
175. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural
income, money will be channelled into the local economy. This will increase income level of
the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be
spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school,
health and sanitation services.
Adverse Impacts
176. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The
common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gullying and erosion of
spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm
lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet
causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.
177. This sub-project passes through four community forests. Minimum vegetation loss
from the forests during construction of the road will be considered. Increase in vehicular
movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Felling of trees, further change in
land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to
high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly change in land use might
accelerate soil erosion.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 53
178. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will
have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households. Increased
opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops,
restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road
may invite accidents. Also pollution might increase with vehicular movement. The socio –
economic aspect might disappear slowly. The aftershock of the devastating earthquake may
affect the stability of the road and might collapse the built up road.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 54
6 Analysis of Alternatives 179. Alternative analysis has been considered as an integral part of IEE study, which
involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving objectives of the proposed sub-
project. The aim of alternative analysis is to reach at a development option, which maximizes
the benefits while minimizing the adverse impacts. The various alternatives to achieve the
sub-project objectives with minimum environmental degradation are discussed in following
sub-sections:
6.1 No Action Alternative 180. This alternative does not allow for the implementation of the Proposal. This
alternative has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment. If the proposal is
not implemented, the transportation time and cost for the local people to the district
headquarter and markets and vice versa will continue to remain at present rate and hardship
of people will continue. The no action option will conserve some of the environmental
adverse impacts at the cost of poverty and in accessibility of the people.
6.2 Proposal Alternatives 181. Then Gorkha DCC has selected Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung -
Bhachek Road sub-project as it provides access to north east part of district.
6.3 Alternative Alignment 182. This is an existing track and the only route to connect Luitel gaun with Bhachek.
Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed.
6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach 183. The road sub-project is proposed for construction through NBC approach by using
contractor and spoil disposal is balanced with cutting and filling as far as possible. There will
be minimum use of excavator, rock breaker, compacter, roller and truck for road
construction. Simple dry stone walls, gabion walls and stone causeways are used to the
maximum extent possible.
6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process 184. During the rainy season, construction work is stopped to allow the natural
compaction of the road. The road construction work will be carried out during the remaining
months.
6.6 Alternative Resources 185. The physical resources consumed during the construction of the road will mainly
include boulders for gabions and stones for dry stone masonry and gabion walls. The
proposed construction will optimally use the local materials.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 55
7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 7.1 Public Consultation 186. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures were followed during
IEE report preparation:
Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 2072/12/18 B.S.
(31/03/2016 A.D) in Himalaya Times, a national Nepali daily newspaper, (see Appendix
VI) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality, then VDCs, then DDC, schools,
health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed
in the above mentioned organizations and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected
(see Appendix VII for deed of inquiry). Recommendation letters were also obtained from
municipality, then VDCs and CFUGs as given in Appendix VIII.
The IEE team carried out interactions with local communities and related stakeholders
during the field survey to collect public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus group
discussions were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding the bio-physical,
socio-economic and cultural aspects of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung -
Bhachek road sub-project. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in
Table 18, and the meeting minutes are in Appendix IX.
.
Table 18: Summary of Meeting Minutes
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
1 2073/01/05 BS
2016/04/17 AD
Bhachek
Bazar 53 15
Road should be 15 from the centre on
both side mainly in Bhachek bazaar.
Proper drainage system should be built
on both side of the road.
Employment for the local people.
Less environmental pollution.
Drinking water is the major problem so
this should be addressed to the concern place
and peoples.
Two major temples on the Bhachek
bazaar should be preserved during road
construction.
This is the tourism place so the road
should be blacktopped up to the army camp
gate also up to Ajirkot as it is tourism place for
scenic view.
Road construction will develop the
agricultural import and export.
The farmers of this place are involved in
the production of cash crops like coffee,
aalainchi to uplift their economic condition. So,
the construction of the road may help them to
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 56
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
increase their economic condition.
2 2073/01/05 BS
2016/04/17 AD Balekhu 11 10
Road should be wide and sustainable
and should be built as soon as possible before
rainy season.
3 2073/01/06 BS
2016/04/18 AD Dharapani 18 14
Employment for the local people.
Proper drainage system should be built
on both side of the road.
Technical support for the development of
religious aspect of Himalaya organization for
gumba.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification and capacity.
Temporary police station to be converted
to permanent with its own building.
For women empowerment there should
be skilful training facilities for women.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people.
For women health post facility is required.
4 2073/01/06 BS
2016/04/18 AD Chisapani 13 12
Road should be built with proper drainage
system.
Proper drainage system should be built
on both side of the road.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification and capacity.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people.
5 2073/01/07 BS
2016/04/19 AD
Chipleti
Bazar 10 16
Proper management for the blacktop
road.
Road should be wide and sustainable
and should be built as soon as possible before
rainy season.
Road width should be equal on both
sides from the center of road.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people and the physical structures.
6 2073/01/07 BS
2016/04/19 AD Chilaune 6 6
Maintenance and rehabilitation of
affected water pipe and electrical pole.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification and capacity.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 57
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
7 2073/01/08 BS
2016/04/20 AD Thalajung 14 9
Road should be wide and blacktopped
with proper drainage system.
Road should be built with less turnings
and possibly be straight.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification and capacity.
Women employment opportunity should
be provided.
There should be development of rural
road access to jamune village of then Thalajung
VDC.
8 2073/01/08 BS
2016/04/20 AD Tallopam 13 2
Road should be wide and blacktopped
with proper drainage system.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification and capacity
9 2073/01/09 BS
2016/04/21AD
Chitta
pokhari
8 18
Maintenance and rehabilitation of
affected water pipe, and electric poles.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification, skill and capacity.
Road wider than 6.25 m would be better
with proper drainage system on both sides.
Road should be sustainably blacktopped.
Proper cutting of turnings for the
development of road.
There should be culvert along with the
poly pipes.
Affecting trees for the vehicular
movement should be cut down.
10 2073/01/09 BS
2016/04/21AD Bhalumare 15 10
Road should be sustainably blacktopped
otherwise public health problem will arise.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification, skill and capacity.
Employment opportunities should be
given poor and local peoples.
CF, temples, monuments, schools,
ponds, parks, government office etc. are to be
conserved and plantation of medicinal plants
and fruits should be done.
There should be mutual co-ordination
with CFUGs of Tarkedanda CF.
11 2073/01/10 BS
2016/04/22 AD
Thumki
Gaun
10 15
Road should be wide and blacktopped
with proper drainage system.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 58
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
affected people and the physical structures.
Awareness programme about the
importance of road development.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification, skill and capacity with the use
of local resources and materials.
12 2073/01/10 BS
2016/04/22 AD
Thaneshw
ora 10 13
Road should be sustainable with proper
drainage system.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people as they have less properties.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification, skill and capacity.
For women empowerment there should
be skilful training facilities for women.
Dalit community should be given
employment opportunities.
There is scarcity of water and the children
are malnutrients so these problems are to be
addressed.
13 2073/01/05 BS
2016/04/17 AD
Harmi
Bhanjyang 20 13
Road should be sustainable and should
be built as soon as possible.
Employment for the local people as per
the qualification, skill and capacity
Physical structures on the road corridor
which will be removed during construction
should be given proper compensation.
Dalit community should be provided
opportunity of employment for living their life.
Awareness programme about women
empowerment and cleanliness should be
provided.
Awareness programme about
environment cleanliness should be provided.
14 2073/01/11 BS
2016/04/23 AD Aappipal 17 9
Physical structures on the road corridor
which will be removed during construction
should be given proper compensation with
proper evaluation without any argues and
discrimination.
Road should be wide and sustainable
and should be built as soon as possible before
rainy season
15 2073/01/11 BS
2016/04/23 AD Baddanda 32 24
There should be formation of local
development committee before starting the
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 59
SN Date
Place for
Public
Meeting
No. of
Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting
Male Female
work.
Drainage should be made in proper
place.
There should be zebra crossing as per
requirement.
Construction of retaining walls on the
settlement areas.
Plantation should be done along road
corridor.
Proper evaluation & compensation to the
affected people.
Awareness about the road safety and
preservation of road should be done. (Source: Field survey, 2016)
7.2 Information disclosure 187. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts,
recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the
stakeholders and the concerned municipality, then VDCs for public disclosure. The draft IEE
report will also be kept in information centre of DCC Gorkha for public disclosure.
Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts, interviews and group
discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general
public through the information centre of Gorkha DCC and websites of EEAP. The following
offices will get the approved IEE report:
1. District Coordination Committee, Gorkha
2. District Technical Office, Gorkha
3. Palungtar municipality, Gorkha
4. Then Harmi VDC, Gorkha
5. Then Thalajung VDC, Gorkha
6. Then Choprak VDC, Gorkha
7. Then Harmi Bhanjyang VDC, Gorkha
8. Then Jaubari VDC, Gorkha
9. National Reconstruction Authority
10. Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission
11. Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Earthquake Emergency Assistance project.
7.3 Consultation with Stakeholder to Implement EMP
188. Consultation with stakeholder is important part for implementing EMP. Consultation
with local NGOs, schools, local bodies and local people is important to organize different
activities. The DSC will support DLPIU in organizing different consultation meeting during/for
EMP implementation in coordination with CISC and CLPIU.
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8 Grievance Redress Mechanism
189. The objective the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as
quickly as possible and at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not
possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. A well-defined grievance
redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints
in a timely and satisfactory manner. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their
rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective
public information campaign. The grievance redress process includes four levels:
190. First level of GRM: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for
the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractors, and design and supervision consultants
on site. Prior to construction of any works, the CLPIU and DLPIU will ensure local
community meetings are held to notify local residents and businesses of any temporary
disturbances, and to inform them of the Project. If a local area committee (LAC) exists in the
area, they should also be informed. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and
DLPIU can immediately resolve the complaint on site. The CLPIU can also be involved in
grievance redress at this stage. The CLPIU and DLPIU office phone number will be posted
in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a
grievance related to the project works can contact the project to file a complaint. The DLPIU
offices will have a safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards
(environment and resettlement) focal person will document the complaint, and immediately
address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains
unresolved at the field level. The DLPIU may seek the assistance of the consultant
safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to
resolve the issue. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will notify the CLPIU safeguards focal
person that a complaint was received, and whether it was resolved. The DLPIU safeguards
focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date
complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was
resolved.
191. Second level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved; the DLPIU will forward
the complaint to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The person filing the grievance will be
notified by DLPIU safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the CLPIU
safeguards focal person. The CLPIU will address the grievance. Grievances will be resolved
through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the CLPIU will answer queries
and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts.
Corrective measures will be under taken at the field level by the CLPIU safeguards focal
person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the
person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how
the complaint was resolved.
192. Third level of GRM: If the grievance remain unresolved, the CLPIU’s project director will activate the third level of the GRM by referring the issue (with written documentation) to
a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) constituted by the EA, which will, based on review
of the grievances, address them in consultation with the PMU, CLPIU, DLPIU, and affected
persons. The GRC will consist of PMU leadership, affected persons, and local area
committee, among others—determined to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 61
The GRC should consist of at least five persons. A hearing will be called with the GRC, if
necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process
will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when
there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field
level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The
functions of the GRC are as follows: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems
arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and
eligibility for entitlements compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected
persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to
report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the
GRC. The PMU safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all
papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking
follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.
193. Fourth level of GRM: In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the
contractor, DISC, CLPIU, DLPIU or GRC, the affected person can seek legal redress of the
grievance in the appropriate courts, the fourth level of the GRM, which is the formal legal
court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal
redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure
11 below.
Note: CLPIU- Central Level Project Implementation unit, DLPIU- District Level Implementation Unit,
DSC- Design and Supervision Consultant, CISC- Central Implementation Support Consultant, DISC- District Implementation
Support Consultant
Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism
Grievance
2ndLevel Grievance
3rdLevel Grievance
1st Level Grievance
First Level: Contractor,
DISC, DLPIU
CLPIU, CISC
4thLevel Grievance
Grievance Redressed Committee
Grievance Redressed
Grievance Redressed
Grievance Redressed
Higher Authority/Court
of Law
Not redressed
Not redressed
Not redressed
1-2 days
7 days
15 days
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194. Safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress
on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first,
second, and third levels), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of
pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared
with details such as affected person, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing,
decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e. open,
closed, pending).
195. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations,
communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU.
196. ADB’s accountability mechanism will also be explained to affected households.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 63
9 Environmental Management Plan 197. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation
of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,
9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures 200. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation
and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 5. Various agencies including CLPIU, local
bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO for the
implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out
to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the
implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies
are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 20 and 21.
CLPIU-EEAP Environment safeguard focal
person
CISC Environment Safeguard Unit
(Environment Specialist)
DFO/CFUG
Safeguard Desk Environment +
Resettlement + Social
DLPIU LDO CDE Engineers Accountant
DISC
Contractor
Government of Nepal
National Reconstruction Authority (NRA)
Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development/ PCC
ADB, SDC
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Table 20: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures
Activity Effect
Related
Beneficial
Impacts
Type of Impact Benefit
Augmentation
Measures
Responsible Agencies
Nat Mag Ext Dur Significance Executing
Agency
Supporting
Agency
Construction and Operation Stage
Construction of
road (Earth
excavation,
spoil disposal,
site clearance)
Employment
Generation and
increase in income
level
Increase in income
level
D
H
(60)
LC
(20)
ST
(5)
VS
(85)
Life skill training for
income generation
activities to improve
their livelihood.
DCC/ DL-PIU CL-PIU/ DISC/
CISC
Construction of
road & on the
job trainings
Awareness
Enhancement
Increase in income
generating
activities,
employment
opportunities
IN
M
(20)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
S
(60)
Training in road
construction, soft
engineering
structures and
bioengineering
works.
DCC/ DL-PIU CL-PIU/ DISC/
CISC
Construction
work & on the
job trainings
Enterprise
Development and
Business
Promotion
Enhancement in
local economy D
L
(10)
LC
(20)
ST
(5)
INS
(35)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
DCC/ DL-PIU CL-PIU/ DISC/
CISC
Construction
work & on the
job trainings
Rent from the land
acquired
temporarily during
construction
Source of income
for short time
period
IN
M
(20)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
S
(60)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
DCC/ DL-PIU CL-PIU/ DISC/
CISC
Construction
work & on the
job trainings
Women
Empowerment
Empower the
women IN
H
(60)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
VS
(100)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
DCC / DL-
PIU/NGO
CL-PIU/ DISC/
CISC
Operation of Improvement in Saving in travel D H R LT VS Proper RM/Municipality DCC/DTO
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 68
Activity Effect
Related
Beneficial
Impacts
Type of Impact Benefit
Augmentation
Measures
Responsible Agencies
Nat Mag Ext Dur Significance Executing
Agency
Supporting
Agency
Road Accessibility and
Saving of Time and
Transportation Cost
time and travel
cost
(60) (60) (20) (140) maintenance
(regular,
emergency),
continuation of
bioengineering
activities
Operation of
Road
Access to Inputs
and Services
Improvement in
local condition D
H
(60)
R
(60)
LT
(20)
VS
(140)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
RM/Municipality
NGO/CBO DCC/DTO
Operation of
Road
Increase in Trade,
Commerce and
Development of
Market centers
Shifts towards
improved
commercial
agriculture and
increase in non-
agricultural
occupation
IN L
(10)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
S
(50)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
RM/Municipality DCC/DTO
Operation of
Road
Appreciation of
Land Value
Improvement in
local economic
condition
IN H
(60)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
VS
(100)
No benefit
augmentation
planned
RM/Municipality DTO/CDO/
DCC
Operation of
Road
Increased Crop
Productivity and
Sale of Farm
Products
Enhancement in
local economy IN
H
(60)
LC
(20)
LT
(20)
VS
(100)
No benefit
augmentation
planned.
RM/Municipality DADO/ DTO/
DCC
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 69
Table 21 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
Construction Stage
Physical Environment
Earth Excavation
Change in land use of 2.707 ha cultivated land
Loss of agricultural land, production, loss of property
D H (60)
LC (20)
LT (20)
VS (100)
Applying additional protective measures that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion. The sites will be stabilized with bio-engineering technologies
Contractor/ DLPIU
CLPIU/DCC
Spoil Disposal
Spoil disposal and imposed weight of spoil on fragile slopes at the chainage 3+500, 15+300, 23+250, 26+300 and 28+500.
Gully erosion, landslide, disruption of road, damage to farmland, water pollution etc.
D M (20)
SS (10)
LT (20)
S (50)
Seperation and utilization of top soil and proper management of spoils and waste, provision of proper drainages, toe walls.
Contractor CLPIU/DCC/DLPIU
Site clearance, earth excavation
Slope Instability at the chainage 3+900-3+950, 21+680-21+720
Erosion, landslide, loss of property
IN M (20)
SS (10)
LT (20)
S (50)
Bio-engineering application will be used to stabilize the slopes. Necessary slope stabilization structures will be constructed
DLPIU/ Contractor
CLPIU/DCC/CISC/ DISC
Construction of Road
Water management, generation of large volume of surface runoff
Erosion, landslide, damage to farmland
IN M (20)
SS (10)
MT (10)
INS (40)
Proper drainage structures (causeways) will be constructed. No blockage
Contractor DCC/DTO/DLPIU/ DISC
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Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
or diversion of natural channels due to construction of road and spoil disposal.
Construction works, spoil and waste disposal
Air pollution due to dust from exposed surface, from construction equipment
Effect on local people and workers health and effect on agriculture
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Use of face mask while working on dust prone areas, covering of dust sources.
Contractor DLPIU/ DISC
Noise pollution Disturbance and annoyance around school, health posts.
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Restrict horn near school, health posts etc.
Contractor DLPIU/ DISC
Water pollution due to sediment level
Risk of water borne diseases
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Proper spoil management and restriction in urination and defecation in open areas and water bodies.
Contractor DCC/ DLPIU/ DISC
Quarrying Quarry operation and its potential effect on instability. Quarry site at the chainage 6+550, 19+800, 21+250 and 27+624.
Water pollution, damage to farmland, disturbance in natural drainage
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Proper selection and management of quarry sites, construction of quarry sites after completion of work.
DCC/DTO/DLPIU/Contractor
CLPIU/DISC
Establish labor camp
Pollution and impact due to location of camp sites
Encroachment of forest, agriculture land, solid waste, and waste water may cause pollution
D M (20)
SS (10)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Camp site will be located away from productive land.
Contractor DLPIU/DISC
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Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
Construction works, operation of construction vehicles, material hauling and unloading etc. slope cutting, spoil and waste disposal
Air pollution due to dust from exposed surface, from construction equipment and vehicles
Effect on local people and workers health and effect on agriculture
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Use of face mask while working on dust prone areas, covering of dust sources.
Contractor DLPIU/DISC
Construction of Road
Use of Bitumen Damage in soil productivity, air pollution dude to heating of bitumen
D H (60)
LC (20)
LT (20)
VS (100)
Use kerosene for heating and strict prohibition on firewood uses, safety gears to workers (Such as gloves, boots, masks etc.), appropriate storage of materials.
Contractor DLPIU/DISC
Operation of construction equipment
Construction machineries and tools (Rollers, tippers, spreader, water tanker etc.)
Air pollution due to emission of smoke, increase in vibration and noise pollution
D H (60)
SS (10)
ST (5)
VS (75)
Equipment/vehicles deployed for construction activities shall be regularly maintained. All the vehicles deployed for material movement shall be spill proof to the extent possible.
Contractor
DLPIU/DISC
Biological Environment
Clearance of Loss or Degradation of Loss of D L LC LT S Forestry clearance will be CFUGs/ DFO//DISC/CLPIU/
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Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
vegetation necessary for road formation
0.715 ha Forests and 1,244 plant Vegetation-
environmental benefits from vegetation, disturbance in ecological function
(10) (20) (20)
(50) obtained from the DFO and tree cutting will be minimized to formation width. Compensatory plantation of trees will be done.
DLPIU CISC
Construction activity
Impact on wildlife including birds
Disturbance to wildlife including birds
IN L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Work only in day time; no disturbance to wildlife, awareness programme for workers.
Contractor/DLPIU
DFO/CFUGs/ DISC/ CISC
Construction activity
Impact on Flora and Fauna.
Loss of biodiversity
IN L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
Minimum site clearance, prohibiting workers for hunting/harassing wildlife
Contractor DFO/ DLPIU /CFUGs/DISC
Socioeconomic Environment
Acquisition of land for maintaining road width
Loss or Degradation of 2.707 ha agricultural Land and Productivity
Reduced production, loss of income
D H (60)
LC (20)
LT (20)
VS (100)
Minimize productive land acquisition through selection, compensation to affected people
DCC/DTO/DLPIU
CDC6/DISC CLPIU
Demolition of structures along road
From Private Structure House and pali at the chainage 10+680, 24 houses at the chainage 2+630, 2+760, 2+768, 2+774, 2+785, 2+830,
Loss of services provided by these structures
D H (60)
SS (10)
ST (5)
S (75)
Compensation for affected private structures and Rehabilitation of public infrastructure will be done according to the Resettlement Plan.
DCC/ DLPIU
CDC/ DISC / CLPIU /RM/municipality
6The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1991 specify the establishment of an Acquisition and Construction Committee (also known as Compensation
Determination Committee, “CDC”) for fixing the rate of compensation of private properties to be acquired, consisting of the concerned Chief District Officer (Chair), Land Revenue Officer, representative of the DDC and the Project Manager and others as deemed necessary.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 73
Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
2+870, 2+890, ,10+700,10+790, 10+810,10+810,10+816, 10+816,10+821,10+825, 10+830,10+831, 0+920, 14+050,14+190,15+350, 19+350, 28+590, 6 shed at the chainage 0+020, 0+040, 2+490, 2+610, 2+840, 20+490, 1 toilet at the chainage 2+350, 45 tahara at the chainage 2+390, 2+500, 2+600, 10+625, 10+650, 10+740,10+745,10+760,11+280,13+690,13+710, 13+715,13+718,14+280, 14+280,14+360,15+260,15+260,15+265,15+300, 15+300,15+320,15+510,15+590,15+598,15+770,15+780,19+320,19+360,19+570,19+580,19+625,19+640,19+680,20+505,28+340,28+560,28+570,28+580,28+620,28+63028+645,30+385,30+400, 30+420 should be removed. From the Public structure 12
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Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
Electric pole at the chainage 0+040, 0+090, 0+120, 0+650, 0+700, 0+750, 2+740-2+950(6 in no.), 5+130, 8+160, 10+096, 10+680, 19+680,19+660,20+500, Chautara at the chainage 1+350, 1+390, 2+830, 2+950, 3+180, 3+908, 4+340, 18+900, 20+400,20+740, 20+490 public building at the chainage 10+600, Water tap at the chainage 19+320, 30+415, 1 water tank at the chainage 18+540 and Public school toilet at the chainage 19+280 should be removed will be affected.
Construction activity
Impact on occupational health and safety
Injury, fatal accidents, outbreak of epidemics and diseases, decline in capacity to work
D L (10)
LC (20)
ST (5)
INS (35)
First aid facility at sites with health treatment arrangements, proper drinking water and toilet facility for construction workers, safety gears (helmet, face masks,
Contractor DLPIU/DISC
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 75
Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
goggles, gloves, boots) and accidental insurance of workers
Operation Stage
Physical Environment
Operation of road
Road Slope Stability and Management
Slides and slope failure, Disturbance to traffic flow, pollution of water bodies, impacts on agriculture land, loss of vegetation.
D M (20)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (60)
Regular maintenance of slope protection structures and bioengineering
Restrict animal grazing on slopes.
RM/Municipality
DCC/DTO
Operation of vehicles
Air, Noise and Water Pollution
Disturbance to students, patients, wildlife, effect to nearby agriculture land and crops
D L (10)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (50)
Community awareness, no horn signs near schools, health posts.
Restriction on washing of vehicles in local streams.
RM/Municipality
DCC/DTO
Biological Environment
Road operation
Depletion of Forest Resources
Loss of timber, forest resources and benefits
IN M (20)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (60)
Awareness raising programmes for conservation of forest resources, enforcement of
RM/Municipality
DFO/CFUGs
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Activity Potential Negative Effects
Related Adverse Impacts
Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Measure
Nat Mag Ext Dur
significance
Executing Agency
Supporting Agency
law along with community participation
Road operation
Disturbance to the Wildlife and Illegal Hunting
Collision of wildlife with vehicles, disturbance in their normal activities
IN L (10)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (50)
Warning traffic signal, awareness raising training to drivers to limit speed and horn use
RM/Municipality
DFO/CFUGs
Socioeconomic Environment
Road operation
Ribbon Settlement Development
Encroachment of RoW, increased accidents, delay in traffic movement, depletion of local resources, water pollution
D M (20)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (60)
Awareness raising programmes, enforcement of law, planning of land development, plantation of trees in RoW
DDC/DTO DCC/Local administration
Operation of Road
Road Safety Increase in accidents
D M (20)
LC (20)
LT (20)
S (60)
Appropriate road safety measures, safety sign boards along the road.
RM/Municipality
DCC
Note:
Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate (20) L= Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10)
Extent R= Regional (60) LC= Local SS= Site specific
Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years) (20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years) (10) ST= Short term (less than 3 years) (5)
Nature D= Direct; IN= Indirect
Impact up to 44; insignificance (INS) 45-74; significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 77
9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan 201. The estimated cost for beneficial augmentation measures like awareness raising
program, skill training, promotion of small scale industries, and income generation activities
will be covered by the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) component of the
project. Costs for income generation and awareness programme activities for Affected
Persons (APs) are included in Resettlement Plan. The design and cost estimate for most of
the suggested mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, spoil disposal, landslide
construction will be incorporated in the design and cost estimates. However clear Bow will
be prepared for supply of face masks, helmets, muffles, accidental insurance,
bioengineering measures, plantation and environmental protection awareness trainings.
Therefore, most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and
construction without additional cost. All proposed mitigation measures will be integrated in
the sub-project design so that these measures may automatically form part of the
construction and operational phases of the Sub-project.
9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities
202. The CLPIU, with the DLPIU and the DIMU, will monitor and measure the progress of
EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the project’s risks and impacts and will be identified in the IEE. In addition to recording information of the work,
deviation of work components from original scope, the CLPIU with the DLPIU will undertake
site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress
toward the final outcome.
203. DSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CLPIU, who
will take follow-up actions, if necessary. CLPIU will submit the quarterly monitoring and
implementation reports to the PMU. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to
ADB. Project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements.
Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.
204. The PMU will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions,
and reflect them in a corrective action plan. The PMU, in each quarter, will study the
compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan
covenants will be screened by the executing agency.
205. ADB will review project performance against the executing agency’s commitments as
agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will
be commensurate with the Project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management
system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is
issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project
implementation:
(i) Conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental impacts;
(ii) Review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to
ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed
with ADB;
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 78
(iii) Work with executing agency to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply
with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and
exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and
(iv) Prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and
desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into
account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.
206. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and
report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 as given in Table 22.
Table 22: Environemntal Monitoring Cost
Manpower requirement Duration (days) Rate
(NRs)
Amount (NRs)
Team Leader/Environmental Specialist 5 4,000 20,000
Engineer 3 3,000 9,000
Forestry expert 3 3,000 9,000
Socio-economist 3 3,000 9,000
Support staff 3 1000 3,000
Transportation cost LS 25,000
Report preparation LS 25,000
Central level monitoring LS 100,000
Total 200,000
9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal 207. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a
basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal.
Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the
actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with
regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the
environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the
mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It
will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.
208. The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and working procedure related to reconstruction
of Earthquake affected structure, 2016 require monitoring plans and indicators, schedules
and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The following sub-sections deal with the
various components of the monitoring programme in order to promote the full integration of
monitoring activities in Project works and implementation.
9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring
209. Baseline monitoring helps to update the baseline information collected during
IEE/EIA study when there is a significant time gap between IEE/EIA approval and proposal
implementation. In general, it is carried out if there is a significant time lapse between the
preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or a change in environmental quality
is noticeable. This sub-project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval of
this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for this sub-project.
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9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring
210. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection
measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval
of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the
actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.
211. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation
measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures
and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage
sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.
212. The borrower’s compliance with covenants will be monitored through ADB’s project administration missions – including the project inception mission, when the loan covenants’ compliance timetable will be discussed and agreed upon. Project review missions will
appraise the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants vis-à-vis the timetable agreed in the
loan agreement. Non-compliance or delay in compliance will be discussed and remedial
measures shall be proposed to GoN for timely compliance. If required, the midterm review
mission will review compliance of loan covenants and also assess whether the set of
covenants are still relevant or need to be revised or waived due to changes in
circumstances; if so, the mission will recommend revisions or waivers for consideration of
ADB and GoN.
9.4.3 Impact Monitoring
213. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to assess the effectiveness of the
environmental mitigation measures and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence
an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of the sub-project construction
phase or within three years of sub-project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on
each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures. This will
also focus on the stability of slopes; spoil disposal sites, work camps and labour camps,
wastes on the local environment. The utilization of cash compensation to the extent possible,
condition of the forest in the vicinity of the sub-project area, water management, damage to
human facilities, incremental change in production of high value commodities, increase in
other sources of income, employment generation, road side plantation, social status,
impediment to wildlife movement, etc.
9.4.4 Project Performance Monitoring
214. The executing agency, in consultation with ADB, will develop within 6 months of loan
effectiveness, a project performance monitoring and reporting system. The executing agency
shall develop a web-based project performance monitoring and reporting system which will
include functions for accounting and expenditures the recovery and reconstruction (R&R)
program, concurrent evaluation of impacts, outcomes, outputs and activities in relation to
targets and milestones established for the project and the overall R&R program for the
earthquake affected areas in Nepal. The executing agency will prepare monitoring reports in
a pre-approved uniform format for all donors, covering key aspects of the R&R program, with
an additional annex specific to the Project for periodic submission to ADB as agreed.
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9.4.5 Safeguards Monitoring
215. The PMC will brief the DLPIU and CLPIU Safeguards Focal Persons and the DIMU
on monitoring requirements for EMP and resettlement plan implementation. Monitoring data
will be generated by the DLPIU and DIMUs and provided to the CLPIU. The CLPIU will then
verify the monitoring data and submit these and other required information to the PMU. The
PMU will prepare semi-annual monitoring reports (one for environment and one for
involuntary resettlement) that describe progress of safeguards implementation, compliance
issues, and corrective actions. Reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.
Safeguards monitoring requirements including suggested monitoring report formats are in
the EARF and Resettlement Framework.
9.5 Monitoring Parameters 216. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series
and impacts prediction. Efforts will be made to make the indicators measurable and
diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following
physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and
operational stages of the sub-project.
9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase
217. During this phase the Consultant (CLPIU) bear the main responsibility in ensuring
that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in
the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are
sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.
9.5.2 Construction Phase
218. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social
setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the
practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP.
The specific monitoring tasks will include
Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying
measures as needed;
Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in propose rectifying measures as needed;
Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions;
Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused, their likely
consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of
responsibilities and costs;
Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their
consequences;
Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work,
and their consequences;
Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff;
Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal
extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife;
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Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge
and awareness in relation to ongoing education campaigns;
Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities;
Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties;
Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify
consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.
9.5.3 Operation Phase
219. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include:
Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and
demographic composition that may be caused by the road development;
Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and
hindrance of traffic on the road;
Verify and quantify resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;
Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former
functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed.
Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope
protection and erosion control;
Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these
structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal
lands, as well as on aquatic resources;
Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project
activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the
identification of responsibilities and costs;
Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and
their consequences;
Verify the success/failure of skill development and job opportunities’ training carried out ; Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal
extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife.
9.6 Monitoring Indicators 220. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.
Following Table 23 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.
Table 23: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE
Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring
Soils, Landslides,
Erosion, Waste
management sites
Number, location and extent of slope failures
Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made
Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected
Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures
Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures
Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage
Bio-engineering Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering,
disaggregated by protective function
Water pollution, water
resources and their
Blockage of waterways – extent and secondary impacts
Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste
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Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring
uses
and spoil
Damage to farm lands
Air and noise level in
relation to traffic volume
Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation and
interview with stakeholders
Visual assessment of dust development at selected
sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders
Traffic volume measurements
Road safety Number and type of road accidents recorded in the traffic
police and in local health service centers
Suitability of local road signs
Wildlife/ Habitat
disturbance
impacts on forest
resources
NOs and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife
DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife trade
Observations and handling of invasive species.
Socio-economic
development near road
Number and extent of new settlements /types and ethnic
groups
Number and extent of new businesses
Number and extent of new services and utilities.
Resettled households
and livelihood
restoration
Number of HHs resettled
Income situation and opportunities for the resettled HHs.
Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers
221. The following Table 24 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities.
Phase-wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible
implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring
refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project.
222. Table 25 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub-
project.
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APPENDICES
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Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study
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Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist
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Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening
Country/Project Title: Earthquake Emergency Response Program (EEAP) Sector: Sub-sector: Division/Department:
Screening Questions
Score Remarks 1
Location and Design of project
Is sitting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?
2
Sub-project area is vulnerable to drought and soil erosion.
Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)?
0
There is one river named Hudi khola in the sub-project area.
Materials and
Maintenance
Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?
0
Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)?
1
Performance of project outputs
Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?
1
Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Likely 0 Likely Not 1 Very Likely 2
Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a Medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.
Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): High Other comments: Sub-project site is vulnerable to extreme weather related events mainly drought and soil erosion. Apart from Hudi khola in the chainage there is no other rivers and stream along the road. Prepared by: ______________________________________________ If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate
parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate
parameters and sea level might affect the sitting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or
scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.
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Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment
(REA) Checklist
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Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Instructions:
This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist.
This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns.
Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated
mitigation measures.
Project Title:
Sub-Project:
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
A. Project sitting
Is the project area adjacent to or within
any of the following environmentally
sensitive areas?
Cultural heritage site
Protected area
Wetland
Mangrove
Estuarine
Buffer Zone of Protected Area
Special area for protecting
biodiversity
B. Potential environmental impacts
Will the project cause…
Encroachment on historical/cultural
areas; disfiguration of landscape by
road embankments, cuts, fills, and
quarries?
There are no historic or cultural
areas along the road.
Disfiguration of landscape will
occur due to cut and fill,
however, cut and fill volume will
be balanced.
Encroachment on precious ecology
(e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)?
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
Alteration of surface water hydrology
of waterways crossed by roads,
resulting in increased sediment in
streams affected by increased soil
erosion at construction site?
Deterioration of surface water quality
due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes
from worker-based camps and
chemicals used in construction?
There will be no significant
impact.
Increased local air pollution due to
rock crushing, cutting and filling
works, and chemicals from asphalt
processing?
The air pollution will be
mitigated by spraying water
during the construction as this
is an upgrading road.
Risks and vulnerabilities related to
occupational health and safety due
to physical, chemical, biological and
radiological hazards during project
construction and operation?
The safety measures will be
provided for all the workers to
prevent from hazards.
Noise and vibration due to blasting
and other civil works?
Dislocation or involuntary
resettlement of people
Resettlement Plan will be
prepared to address involuntary
resettlement of the affected
people.
Dislocation and compulsory
resettlement of people living in right-
of-way?
Private structures like house,
shop, shed etc. will be
dislocated within the formation
width of the road and they will
be provided with compensation
based on Resettlement Plan.
Disproportionate impacts on the
poor, women and children,
indigenous peoples or other
vulnerable groups?
Other social concerns relating to
inconveniences in living conditions in
the project areas that may trigger
cases of upper respiratory problems
and stress?
Not envisaged.
Hazardous driving conditions where
construction interferes with pre-
existing roads?
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
Poor sanitation and solid waste
disposal in construction camps and
work sites, and possible
transmission of communicable
diseases (such as STI’s and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local
populations?
The road will be constructed by
the contractors who will stay in
the camp site for work and
campsite management will be
done for all the workers outside
the project area.
Creation of temporary breeding
habitats for diseases such as
transmitted by mosquitoes and
rodents?
Road construction is in hilly
region. So, there will be no
breeding habitats for
mosquitoes.
Accident risks associated with
increased vehicular traffic, leading to
accidental spills of toxic materials
and loss of life?
Traffic volume is negligible.
Increased noise and air pollution
resulting from traffic volume?
Traffic volume will be minimal
and traffic speed will be very
slow (<20 km/hour).
Increased risk of water pollution from
oil, grease and fuel spills, and other
materials from vehicles using the
road?
Not envisaged.
Social conflicts if workers from other
regions or countries are hired?
Not envisaged.
Large population influx during
project construction and operation
that causes increased burden on
social infrastructure and services
(such as water supply and sanitation
systems)?
Not envisaged.
Risk to community health and safety
due to the transport, storage and
use and/or disposal of materials
such as explosives, fuel and other
chemicals during construction and
operation?
Not envisaged.
Community safety risk due to both
accidental and natural causes,
especially where the structural
elements or components of the
project are accessible to members of
the affected community throughout
project construction, operation and
decommissioning.
Not envisaged.
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Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist
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A. GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION
1. Overview of settlements along road corridor (व्ती वाय जानकायी)
Settlement Code*
(व्तीक क ड)
Name of Settlement and
Address
(व्तीक नाभ य ठगाना)
Household and Population (no.)
(घयधूयी य जनस्मा) Caste/Ethnic Distribution
(जात/जातत)
Indigenous Group
-cflbjf;L ;d"x_ Hh M F Pop
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
* Use the same codes as in strip map and topographical map.
2. Economic activities/main occupation (आ्थिक ््थतत य भु् म ऩशा)
Settlement Code
(व्तीक क ड)
Number of Hhs engaged in Agriculture & Livestock
(कृषी य ऩशऩुारन)
Labour & Porter
(्मारा भजदयुी)
Business/ Commerce
(्माऩाय/ ्मवसाम)
Cottage Industry
(घयर ुउध ग)
GO/NGO Employees
(सयकायी/गय सयकायी)
Others (Specify)
(अ्म)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
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1. Seasonal migration in search of work (sfdsf] vf]lhdf भ सभी वसाई सयाई)
Starting Month
(hfg] भहहना)
Returning month
(kmls{g] भहहना)
No. of Total HH
(घयधूयी स्मा)
Destination
(जान ठाउ) Purpose
(उद्म)
2. Development Potential According to Settlement 2.1 Areas which have significant potential for development, for instance, high agricultural production, tourism development, local mines, etc. (indicate these areas in
Sub-total(i) 3,579,671.25 1.2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Stone masonry wall for spoil management 212,955.50 1.2.2 Occupational health and safety (GPA insurance) 2,000,000.00 1.2.3 Bioengineering works 1,336,643.95
2 Civil Work Cost 2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 701,147,466.30 2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 3,549,599.45 2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 697,597,866.85 3 Resettlement Plan Cost
3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private and community structures within RoW)
53,852,395.47
3.2 Supporting cost for deed transfer and management cost for absentee families
2,000,000
3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement program 2,480,000
3.4 Contingency (20%) 10,770,479.09
Sub-total (C) 69,102,874.56 4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost
4.1 Disaster preparedness works session visual/ documentary show on D & RM
80,000
4.2 Campaign program (Awareness program on CLS IT) 120,000 Sub-total (D) 200,000
Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 774,030,012.11
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c. Resettlement Plan Cost
S.N. Budget Unit Total loss
Amount (NRs.) Remarks
1. DIRECT COST
1.1 Land Compensation of Interviewed HHs Ha. 8.799 23983140.88 204 Interviewed HHs
1.2 Land Compensation of Absentees’ HHs Ha. 3.453 11157650.44 138 Absentees’ HHs
1.3 Compensation for Non- Ha. 2.516 9089661.47 127 Non-Registered Plots
Registered Land
1.4 Guthi Land Ha. 0.228 1080229.85 18 plots 2 Private Trees No. 232 160622.5
2.1 Private Fruit Trees No. 25 67334
2.2 Private Cash Crops No. 21 31320
2.3 Private Bamboo No. 475 118750
2.4 CFUGs Trees No. 583 247411.81 3 CFUGs
2.5 GoN Trees No. 142 123778.4
2.6 Institution Trees No. 85 58573
3 Private Crops (Paddy) Ha. 14.995 807982.95
342 HHs(including absentee HHs, 18 guthi plots and 127non-registered plots)
14 electric pole and 11 chautara, 1 water tank, 2 public tapstand including 2 public schools
Sub Total 53852395.47 2. INDIRECT COST
2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 614 614000 DOLIDAR NORMS
2.2 Management cost for absentees' HHs 138 1386000 DOLIDAR NORMS
Sub Total 2000000
3
Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement Program[2] LS 31 2480000 31 APs
4 Contingency (20%) 10770479.09
Subtotal (1+2+3+4)
GRAND TOTAL 69102874.56
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Appendix VI: Public Notice
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English Translation of notice published
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP)
District project Implementation Unit Gorkha
Public notice for comments and suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination
(Date of first publication: 2072/12/18)
The Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented by convinent loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant technical assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), for Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. This notice is published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD) for the following roads. S.N Proposed Road Affected VDC and
The proposed road sub-project starts from Ghyampsal of Masel VDC and ends at Kharra khola of Saurpani VDC. The total length of road is 30 km and width is 6.25 m with drainage.
Palungtar Municipality Harmi ,Thalajung, Chhoprak, Shreenathkot, Jaubari and Hansapur VDC
The proposed road sub-project starts from Luitel gaun of palungtar municipality and ends at Bhachek of Hansapur VDC. The total length of road is 39 km and width is 6.25 m with drainage.
It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar. Address to send comments and suggestions: District Development Committee, Gorkha Telephone no: 064-420144 Fax No: 064-420377
District Technical Office, District project Implementation Unit, Gorkha Telephone no: 064420029 Fax no. 064-420029
Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Central project Implementation Unit, Lalitpur Telephone no: 01-5532331 Email: [email protected]
(* Remarks: the address mentioned here has been restructured and detail of restructuring is present in Table 1 and settlement wise detail is in Table 8 of this
IEE report)
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SN Name of the Forest, then address
From To Species Scientific Name
No. of Trees
Compensatory Plantation (1:1)
Rate Total Cost
Ch Ch (NRs) (NRs)
7
N.F., Jaubari-5
28+700 29+320 29+580
29+280 29+440 29+820
Angeri Melastoma melabathricum
1 25 3,993.50
Chilaune Schima wallichii 56 1,400 223,636.00
Gurans Rhododendron ferrugineum
21 525 83,863.50
Kafal Mirica esculanta 5 125 19,967.50
Katus Castanopsis indica 9 225 35,941.50
Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 2 50 7,987.00
Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 50 7,987.00
Others 1 25 3,993.50
Sub-total 97 2,425 387,369.50
Total
142 3,550
567,077
(* Remarks: the address mentioned here has been restructured and detail of restructuring is present in Table 1 and settlement wise detail is in Table 8 of this
IEE report)
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 181
d. Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land
Item no. Description Unit Total quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.)
Remarks
Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00
20 Plantation per ha
20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 550 1,650.00
33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 550 13,750.00 Up to 50% slope
Total 116,600.00
Per plant cost 66.25
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 182
e. Calculation of Planta tion Cost in CF/NF
Item No.
Description Unit Total quantity
Rate (NRs.)
Amount (NRs.)
Remarks
Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha
20(1) Site selection and survey Person days 3 550 1,650.00
20.2(b) Site clearance Person days 10 550 5,500.00 25% shrubs and grasses
20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Person days 3 550 1,650.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Person days 32 550 17,600.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Person days 6 550 3,300.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Person days 3 550 1,650.00 20.7(a) Plantation Person days 20 550 11,000.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Person days 18 550 9,900.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Person days 9 550 4,950.00 33.1(b) Pruning Person days 25 550 13,750.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total
106,150.00
35 Fencing per 200 running meter
35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and 1.8m height
Person days 8 550 4,400.00
35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter)
35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost
Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Person days 14 550 30,800.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Person days 24 550 52,800.00 Sub-total
161,600.00
Total
267,750.00 Contingency (5%)
13,387.50
Grand Total
281,137.50
Per plant cost
159.74 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 183
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 192
g. Plantation Plan in District
A. Compensatory plantation Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the
plantation management
2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO
for the compensatory plantation
3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation
From DFO/CFUG nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO
and survey will be done.
5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG.
6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug.
7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon
9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by
weeds.
10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty
replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Plantation in CF/NF Activities May
18 June
18 July 18
Aug 18
Sep 18
Oct 18
Nov 18
Dec 18
Jan 19
Agreement with DFO/CFUG/DCC
Managing planting stock
Survey of plantation area
Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings
Planting Weeding Survival count
B. Roadside plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held
with concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO to discuss about the
plantation management
2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local
communities, RM/Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation
3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation
From DFO nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 193
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by
concerned local communities, RM/Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done.
5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and
DFO.
6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species
7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon
9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by
weeds.
10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty
replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Agreement with local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO
Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
C. Plantation in Private land Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land. 1) Managing planting stock
From DFO/CFUG nursery
From private nursery owner from districts
Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in
coordination with affected landowner.
3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner.
4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species.
5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites
6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the
starting of monsoon
7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Gorkha 194
Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected
Structures
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-
Amount House 58.95 58.95 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport
allowance 40000
Land owner Name: Dilu Shrestha Plot - 902 Sheet no 095-1403 Total 40000
Ch : 14+190 Structure No:
67 Distance from
centerline: 3.4 Address : Harmi-8, Gorkha
Storey Total Area (
Sqm) Affected
Area (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Total
Amount House 23 23 1 - 0.00 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others Transport
allowance to
Rupak Neupane
10000
Land owner Name: Mohan Dhakal Plot - Public Land Total 10000
Ch : 14+190 Structure No:
68 Distance from
centerline: 2.5 Address : Harmi-9, Gorkha
Storey Total Area (
Sqm) Affected
Area (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Total
Amount House 81.88 81.88 Tahara Shed toilet wall Pali others
Transport allowance to Krishna Pariyar, Juna Nepali, Indrananda 30000 Land owner Name: Yam Kumari Dhakal ( Hemraj Dhakal ) Plot - 120 Sheet no 095-1364 Total 30000
IEE of Luitel - Aappipal - Harmi Bhanjyang - Thalajung - Bhachek Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-