Initial Environmental Examination May 2009 IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.
Initial Environmental Examination May 2009
IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.
Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka
North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Package II – Belgaum Tranche II Sub-Projects in Belgaum CC
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
May 2009
Span Consultants Private Limited
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche I Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC SPAN
ACRONYMS
ADB : Asian Development Bank
ASI : Archeological Survey of India
ASP : Activated Sludge Process
BM : Bituminous Macadam
CC : City Corporation
C-Tech : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process Technology
DI : Ductile Iron
DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon
GI : Galvanized Iron
GoI : Government of India
GoK : Government of Karnataka
HH : Households
IA : Implementing Agency
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation
KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board
MLD : Million Litre per Day
MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests
MSL : Mean Sea Level
MSS : Mix Seal Surface
NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
NOC : No Objection Certificate
NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen
OM : Operations Manual
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
PC : Program consultant
PMU : Program Monitoring Unit
PWD : Public Works Department
SS : Suspended solids
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
UGD : Underground Drainage
WHO : World Health Organization
WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance ..................................................................... 1 1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination .......................................................... 2 1.4 Scope of IEE study..................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Report Structure ......................................................................................................... 3
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ....................... 4 2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program ...................................................................... 4 2.2 Investment program Components .............................................................................. 4 2.3 Project Location ......................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Type of Project ........................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Need for the Project ................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC .................................. 11
2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System ..................................................................... 11 2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC ................................................................ 13
2.7.1 Sewerage System ............................................................................................. 13 2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation .................................................................... 21 2.9 Investment Program Alternatives ............................................................................ 21 2.10 Investment Program Benefits ................................................................................... 23
3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 24 3.1 Physical Resources................................................................................................... 24
3.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.2 Atmosphere ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water ........................................................................... 25 3.1.4 Geology and Seismology ........................................................................................ 25
3.2 Ecological Resources ............................................................................................... 25 3.3 Economic Development ........................................................................................... 26
3.3.1 Industrial Activities ................................................................................................. 26 3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ................................................................................. 27
3.4.1 Population and Community .................................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Household size ........................................................................................................ 28 3.4.3 Sex Ratio ................................................................................................................. 28 3.4.4 Literacy Rate ........................................................................................................... 28 3.4.5 Occupation .............................................................................................................. 29 3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate ................................................................................ 29 3.4.7 Existing Facilities.................................................................................................... 30 3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage ................................................................................... 30 3.4.9 Land Use ................................................................................................................. 30
3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP .... 31 4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................ 32
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 32 4.2 Location Impacts .................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Design Impacts........................................................................................................ 32 4.4 Construction Impacts .............................................................................................. 33 4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts ....................................................... 33 4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts ......................................................... 33
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ..................................................................................................................................... 46
5.1 Institutional Requirements ....................................................................................... 46
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5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans ............................................................................. 51 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................. 63 7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................... 66
7.1 Findings.................................................................................................................... 66 7.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 66
8. CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................. 67
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List of Tables
Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components .......................... 2 Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka ............................................................ 10 Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 .............................................................. 10 Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB ............................................................ 11 Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC....................................................................... 12 Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP ....................................... 15 Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech ............................................................................................ 19 Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP ...................................................................................... 19 Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP ............................................ 21 Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives ........................................................................... 22 Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) .............................................................................. 26 Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City ....................................................................... 27 Table 3.3: Details of Population Density ................................................................................. 28 Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 ............................................................................ 29 Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing) ........................................................................ 30 Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts ....................................................... 33 Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system ................. 34 Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan ....................................................................................... 45 Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................. 49 Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) ...................................................................... 50 Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component ........................ 52 Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers ........................................ 60 Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) ........................................................... 62 Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB ......................... 63 Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation ........................ 64
List of Maps Map 2.1: India ............................................................................................................................ 5 Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District ....................................................................... 6 Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District .................................................................................. 7 Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC ................................................................................ 9 Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City ........................................................... 15 Map 2.6: STP site Location Map ............................................................................................. 16 Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City .......................................................... 20 List of Figures Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum ......................................................................................... 8 Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah .................................................. 12 Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle ......................................................................................................... 18 Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy ...................................................... 47 Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 64 Appendices Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure
Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka
urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package II – Belgaum
under NKUSIP. They include Belgaum, Gokak, Nippani, Badami, Ilkal, Jamkhandi and
Rabkavi-Banahatti ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water
supply, sewerage and sanitation, storm water drainage, solid waste management and
risk of infectious diseases in the project area forces NKUSIP to select Belgaum ULB
for improvement. The primary objective of NKUSIP is to promote economic
development in North Karnataka through urban infrastructure provision, focusing on the
improvement of environmental sanitation and public health through equitable
distribution of urban basic services that are environmentally sound and operationally
sustainable. This will also enhances the quality life of people.
2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban
areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert
certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation
stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than
impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision
of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if
due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care
is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will
be far outweighed by positive impacts.
1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance
3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components
proposed for Belgaum city are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as
GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not
need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below,
few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.
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Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-
component Applicability of Act/Guidelines
Compliance Criteria
Sewerage
and
Sanitation
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
The Water (Prevention &
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
& 1978
The Environmental Policy and
Operations Manual (OM) 20:
Environmental Considerations
in ADB Operation.
Environmental Assessment
Guidelines, 2003
Consent for Establishment
and Consent for Operation
from KSPCB
Categorization of sub-
project component into A,
B or C and developing
required level of
environmental assessment
for each component.
4. According to ADB guidelines (2003), environmental assessment of a proposed project is
at the initial/preparatory stages of Investment Program. As per the ADB Guidelines, the
proposed project components are categorized into A, B or C category projects to
establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential
environmental impacts. It is understood from the IEE study that there are no significant
potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project
(Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant
impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered).
Category ‘C’ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components.
Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary
feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.
1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination
5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the
ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and
nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the
NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to
have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental
Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Belgaum city under
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NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and accordingly, initial environmental examination
(IEE) has been carried out.
1.4 Scope of IEE study
6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the
required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been
prepared based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance
surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stake holder
consultation was an integral part of the IEE.
1.5 Report Structure
7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter:
1. Introduction
2. Project Description
3. Environmental Description
4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans
6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure
7. Findings and Recommendations
8. Conclusions
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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS
2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program
8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment
and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector
Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is
to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal
Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of
the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of
urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.
2.2 Investment program Components
9. The Investment Program Components are listed below:
i. Water supply
ii. Sewerage and Sanitation
iii. Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation)
iv. Urban roads
v. Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement)
vi. Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and Tourism
2.3 Project Location
10. Belgaum City, being the fifth largest city of Karnataka, is the District and Divisional
headquarters of Belgaum District. The city is situated 350 km from Pune, 510 km from
Bangalore, 146 km from Panjim and 96 km from Hubli. Popularly known as the ‘Cradle
of Infantry’, Belgaum houses defense establishments such as Military Training Centre
and Air Base, besides major industrial establishments such as Tata Power and Indian
Aluminum (INDAL) factory. In the extreme southwest of the city, the Udyambag
Industrial Estate houses a number of engineering industrial units. The industries,
educational institutions and the defense establishments significantly contribute to the
economic growth of the city.
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Map 2.1: India
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Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District
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Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District
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11. Belgaum is situated on the northern slope of the basin of watercourse called the Bellary
nallah. Geographically, the city is located at longitude 740 31’E and latitude 150 51’N,
at an altitude of 710 m above mean sea level. Belgaum City Corporation (CC) is a
Grade I Corporation.
Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum
12. The District lies in Krishna River basin. Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River are
the principal tributaries of River Krishna that flows across the district from west to east.
As per 2001 census, the population of Belgaum District is 42,14,505. According to
2001 census, the total population of Belgaum city is 3,99,653 and as per 2007 census,
the population is 4,40,000. The number of households is 83,625 (2001 census). The
City Corporation’s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 94.08 sq. km, housing 4 lakh
populations within 58 wards. Total area of Belgaum city is 94.08sq km.
13. The city is well connected owing to its location on the Miraj-Bangalore Meter Gauge
Railway Line of South Central Railway. The city is also well connected by a network of
national and state highways. Beside these roads, a network of major and minor roads
leads to neighbouring village of the region.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC
2.4 Type of Project
14. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project
improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by
providing basic infrastructure facilities such as underground drainage (UGD), storm
water drainage, etc.
2.5 Need for the Project
15. Insufficient basic facilities and demand for the same due to increased population year
by year and lack of proper technological systems in Belgaum CC have resulted in
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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environmental pollution, poor sanitation and public health problems such as water
borne diseases and other associated health risks. This condition demands for the
proposed Investment Program component in Belgaum ULB. As per the State of
Environment Report (SOER), Dept. of Forest, Ecology & Environment, GoK, 2003,
health risks are associated with the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities.
The Table 2.1 presents the health status in Karnataka.
Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid
Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal
1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- --
1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- --
1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01
1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00
1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00
1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12
1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05
1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00
1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01
2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00
2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06
2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02
Source: SOER, 2003
16. The structural components of the ingvestment program lie in the city area and most of
UGD lines of the proposed project pass along the existing road tracks and leads to
natural nallahs. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife
national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any
construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives
affected because of project activities is quite insignificant. The Belgaum ULB specific
components of the program (Tranche 2) are given below:
Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 Infrastructure Description Location
Components to be built under Tranche 2 Sewerage and sanitation Laying of sewer lines in the
city and installation of STP Belgaum City Corporation
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2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC
2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System
17. Details regarding existing facilities are not available with Local body / Board. However
based on field inspection and interaction with the stack holders it is noted that the total
tentative length of sewers laid in the city is 337 Km with 150 to 300 mm dia of
stoneware / RCC pipes. In low lying area the existing sewer lines are choked up and
not functioning properly. The treated sewage is let into near by stream / pond causing
nuisance in the area. In addition to this, Cantonment board has connected their UGD
lines to existing sewer lines at different locations.
Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB Sewers Area Diameter
(mm)
Length
(mm)
Disposal
Drainage District A 150 to 800 28.50 Lendi nallah near old national highway
Drainage District B 150 to 800 21.20 Lendi nallah near old national highway
Cantonment area (civil
and fort areas)
150 to 800 6.80
-
KHB Colony 150 to 300 5.60 Outfall sewer of Malmaruti UGD
system
Malmaruti Extension,
Shivajinagar and
Gandhinagar
150 to 600 12.00 -
Angol A and B, Vadgaon
and old Belgaum
180 to 600 33.50 Outfall from Angol to new national
highway 5.5km long
Vishwesharayya Nagar,
Shastri Nagar, Sadar
Bazaar, Nehru Nagar,
Kailash Nagar, J.N.
Medical Collage area
NA NA -
Chennamma Nagar -
Main Outfall
1,100 Not known
In Bellary nallah
Total 107.90
Source: CLIP Report
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18. Currently, the city has been covered with UGD system partially (45%). The tentative
length of sewers laid is 337Km. The no. of private latrines connected to UGD sewers is
38.674. There are 110 Nos. of public latrines connected to UGD system / septic tank.
There are about 8000 Nos. having latrines with septic tank and treated sewage let into
open drains. Through Nirmal Nagar project 5Nos. of latrines are constructed.
Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC Sl. No. Service Description Access to Household %
1. Sanitation UGD 69.14% 2. Septic tank 1% 3. LCS 4%
Total 74.14% Source: Concept Report
19. The tentative length of trunk main sewers laid in the city is about 27.50 kms. Trunk
main sewer lines have been laid to convey the sewage by gravity to the out fall sewers
pipes having 300mm dia to 600mm dia RCC pipes.
20. Outfall sewer lines are laid along the natural channels, private fields and finally let into
Bellary nallah. The out fall from south side of city i.e., from Tilakwadi, Hindwadi,
Shahpur and Khasbag area treated sewage let into Lendi nall on old PB road. The over
all length of out fall sewers is about 5.25 Km with 600mm dia to 1100mm dia of RCC
pipes. It is reported that pipes are intact and no leakages are noticed.
Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah Treatment Facilities
21. The general terrain of this city is sloping from N-W to S-E in the areas of east of
Bellary nallah, while the area of south of this nallah slopes from S-W to N-E and
northeast area sloping towards south side. Practically the entire city drains into Bellary
Nallah except some part of N-W of Belgaum area, which is sloping towards north.
Outfall sewers have been laid along the main valley lines. The wastewater generated
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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from these areas also flow in these drains and joins Bellary nallah. In short the U.G.D
system lacks treatment facility.
22. Because of the lack of adequate sewerage and sanitation facilities, the quality of the
surface water and shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human
waste on public health are spread of water borne diseases and associated health risks.
The present sewage system does not contemplate sewage treatment plant facilities and
the raw sewage is let into nallahs causing water pollution problems. This recommends
for the proposal of proper up-gradation of sewer system and installation of sewage
treatment plant (STP).
2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC
2.7.1 Sewerage System
23. The objective of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure
wastewater along with human excreta is properly collected and disposed off without
causing any health risks or environmental problems. The current proposal includes new
sewer lines, construction of pumping station and new pumping machinery, sewer
connections to households (HH) and construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
Sub-Components of the project
24. The following subcomponents are included in the design:
i) Rehabilitation of 150 km of existing sewerage system and extension –
Rehabilitation of sewer network system will be given top most priority. Extension
of sewer lines includes laying of additional new sewer network for a length of
275kms
ii) Installation of new pumping station with the proper mechanical and electrical
facilities
iii) Strengthening the existing out fall sewer system
iv) Construction of sewage treatment plant (STP) - Design, supply, construction,
installation, testing and commissioning of 64 MLD Capacity STP to serve the
intermediate population (0.51 million expected in the year 2011 and 0.67 million
expected in the year 2026).
v) Proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards
vi) To carry out repair works for public toilets
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vii) Strengthening the existing O & M system with procurement of necessary
equipments
viii) Proposing changes in the Institutional set up for sustained operation
25. The important components of the underground drainage system are sewage collection
system, pumping stations, force main, sewage treatment plant and treated Sewage
disposal system. It is proposed to have conventional U.G.D. system for this town. As
per the scope of the project, it is proposed to design and lay sewer mains for a length of
275 kilometer, and to rehabilitate existing sewer lines of about 150 kms length. Based
on the survey map various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection
system for the project City has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow
based on contributing population and proportionate sewage generated in the branch
lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts, proposals are made for
installation of 10 lift stations and 12 pumping stations. Sewage collected at each
Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall be conveyed to the Main Sewage Pump
Station, from where it shall be pumped to the STP for treatment and finally, disposed to
irrigated land or Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards.
26. The proposed sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in
terrain and major crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. Sewerage network
has been designed for 30 years of design period.
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Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City
Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP
Rate of water supply : 135 LPCD
Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) : 113.40 lpcd (including 5% infiltration)
Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) : 64 MLD
Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) : 99.00MLD
Length of Sewers (proposed) : 275 kms
Lift stations (LS) and Pumping Stations (PS)
(proposed)
: LS =10 No.s and PS=12 Nos
Total Length of Force main (proposed) 25 km
Treatment Method (proposed) : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process Source: As per latest designs & Concept Report Proposed STP Site
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27. Belgaum city is like a saucer terrain predominantly sloping from north-west to
south east and northeast area sloping towards south. Practically entire city drains
into the Bellary nallah except a small pocket of North West area sloping towards
north drains into Markhandeya River. The Bellary nallah area sloping towards
south to north east and Markhandeya river area sloping towards west to east.
Map 2.6: STP site Location Map
28. From the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have
STP site in eastern direction of Belgaum city in a private land in Halaga village area
which is technically, socially and environmentally suitable for STP site and treated
sewage can be let into Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards.
Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt CASP for this project. Land
required is 18 acres.
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Cyclic Activated Sludge Process (CASP)
29. The proposed Sewage Treatment Plant of 64 MLD capacity shall comprise:
i) Inlet Chamber (Stilling Chamber)
ii) Fine Screen Channels
iii) Grit Removal Units
iv) CASP Reactors
v) Chlorine Contact Tank
vi) Sludge Sump
vii) Centrifuges
Process Chemistry:
Removal of Organics
30. The raw sewage free from debris and grit is taken up for biological treatment in CASP
Reactors for removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus.
31. The activated sludge bio system is designed using Advanced Cyclic Activated Sludge
Technology which operates on extended aeration activated sludge principle for the
reduction of carbonaceous BOD, Nitrification, De-nitrification and Phosphorous
removal, using energy efficient fine bubble membrane diffused aeration system with
automatically controlled air supply based on Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) resulting in
20 – 30% power savings.
32. The practice of manipulating activated sludge reaction environments to obtain
maximum nitrogen and phosphorous removal has been optimized using Cyclic
Activated Sludge Technology by co-current nitrification & de-nitrification mechanism.
33. In its simplest form, the sequences of fill, aeration, settle and decant are consecutively
and continuously operated all in the same Tank, allowing up to 30-40% space saving.
No Secondary Clarifier shall be required to concentrate the sludge in the Reactor. The
return sludge is recycled and the surplus sludge is wasted from the CASP Basins itself.
34. The system makes use of the variable volume treatment in combination with a
biological Selector and operated in a fed-batch Reactor mode. The complete biological
operation is divided into cycles. A basic cycle comprises:
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• Fill – Aeration
• Settlement
• Decanting
A Typical Cycle
35. During the period of a cycle, the liquid is filled in the CASP Basin up to a set operating
water level. Aeration Blowers are started for aeration of the effluent. After the aeration
cycle, the biomass settles under perfect settling conditions. Once Settled the supernatant
is removed from the top using a DECANTER. Solids are wasted from the tanks during
the decanting phase.
a. Anoxic de-nitrification of nitrates in the Biological Selector Zone of CASP (Anoxic Zone) using incoming wastewater
b. Bio-degradation of organics including phenol present in the wastewater by Extended Aeration Process
c. Oxidation of sulphides in the wastewater
d. Co-current nitrification and de-nitrification of Ammonical nitrogen in the aeration zone of CASP Basins
e. Removal of Phosphorous
Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle
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36. The dimension of the proposed treatment unit will be m 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 4 units
(intermediate) and 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 1 unit (ultimate) with water depth 6.0m
sludge depth 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2
baffles. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through
surface aerators (no.s) of 15HP each per unit (intermediate-HP). Concrete weirs are
planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow
from outlet weir shall be discharged on to nearby Bellary nallah. The other unit details
are shown below:
Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech Description of unit Size / Capacity Qty. Remarks Intake Chamber 45m x 45 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Manual Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 1 0.50m FB Mechanical Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 2 0.50m FB Grit Chambers 11 m x 11 m x 0.9 m 2 0.50m FB SBR Basins 48.50m x 48.50 m x 6 m 4 0.50m FB Chlorine Contact Tank 40 m x 12 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Sludge Sump 15 m x 9.5 m 3.0 m 1 0.50m FB Source: As per latest designs-STP
37. No separate sludge drying beds are required as alternative lagoon serves the purpose of
sludge drying. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of
surface water disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby Bellary nallah after
satisfying the requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will
be 90% reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method. The treated
sewage will be in compliance with Standards (for pH, BOD, COD, etc.) set by CPCB.
Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated
sewage CPCB Standards for Inland surface water
Design Flow (Intermediate)
MLD 64.0 64.0 -
Design Flow (Ultimate)
MLD 99.00 89.10 -
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Mg/l 300 <30 <30
pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total coliforms No/100ml. 107 1000 - Detention Time - 5days - - Suspended solids <100
Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment
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38. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP.
The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total
area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized
persons only. Map 2.7 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Belgaum CC.
Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City
39. The proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The
proposed project may enhance the eco-balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.
Treated wastewater (sewage)/sludge reuse A. Inside STP area:
A buffer zone with 5 rows of plantation shall be developed around STP for aesthetic:
• 2 rows of mixed shrubs such as Lantana, Hibiscus and Nerium Oleander
• 2 rows of Casuarinas trees and
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• 1 row of mixture of taller trees such as Delonix Regia (Flame tree), Tipuana Tipu
(Rosewood), Khaya Senegalensis (Senegal Mahogany), Pithecalobium saman
(Rain tree), Caesalpinia pulcherrhima (Gul Mohr) and Albizia lebbeck (Siris tree).
B. Out- side STP area
• For irrigating at 200-250 cum/day/Ha of agricultural land after satisfying KSPCB
standards.
• Dried sludge shall be handled carefully and disposed to agricultural fields nearby.
2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation
40. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009-
10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this
period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.
2.9 Investment Program Alternatives
41. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment
Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the
components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use
pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program
components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location
specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology
adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technology is available for STP. Based on
the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The
ultimate design period is 2041.
Alternatives for the proposed STP
42. The city is situated on a sloping terrain viz., sloping northwest to southeast. The general
ground level varies from 800m in M.M. Extension and minimum of 740m in Old
Belgaum. The average rainfall in this city is 1250 mm. The average temperature in this
city is a maximum of 340 C and a minimum of 120 C during the summer and winter
months. The following STP sites were identified in terms of technical, social,
environmental and from maintenance point of view.
Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks
1 Old Solid waste dumping site. Private Khasbag area,
within the city. This site is near by habitations, hence rejected.
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Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks
2 Left hand side of NH-4 service road
Private
LHS of NH-4 on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum.
The land is selected based on the easy approach to the STP site and existing outfall sewer line also running beside this site. But during monsoon this area gets affected by Bellary nallah flooding, hence rejected.
3 Near Alarwad on the hillock. Private Near by
Ashraya colony
The Asharya colony habitants exist near by this site hence, rejected.
4 Beside old PB road Private
Left side on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum.
This to the entrance of the Belgaum city and beside there is a proposal of development of satellite city. Hence rejected.
5 Halaga village area Private
Right side on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum, 450mts away from the NH-4 service road.
This land is technically, socially and environmentally suitable for STP site and treated sewage can be let into Bellary nallah.
Source: Concept Report
43. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed
Investment Program components are given below:
Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives
Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on
Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and
require less manpower and importantly does not require energy. The natural
gravity is utilized to run the system. Pumping stations are proposed wherever
gravity flow method is not possible for the system.
There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river
discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached growth
aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be adopted. The
availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its
operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable
treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment
technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost. Based on these
considerations, C-tech is proposed for Belgaum town.
STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there
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Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives
is a falling gradient from north west to south east and southwest to northeast of
the town. Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is
suggested to have the treatment facility towards southeast side of Belgaum town.
2.10 Investment Program Benefits
44. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities and their adverse impacts on the
environment, human health and socio-economic status can be overcome by safe,
adequate and proper water supply, underground sewerage system/sanitation facilities,
which will be provided by NKUSIP to the communities of Belgaum ULB. The
Investment Program benefits are provided below:
A. Sewerage System Improvements
• Provision of Sewerage (UGD) and Sanitation facilities
• Avoidance of Wastewater pollution at low-lying area
• Avoidance of regular choking of drains
• Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas
• Protection of the water ecosystem
• Reduction in risks of ground water contamination
• Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools
• Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination
• Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace
• Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation
• Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields
• Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes
• Healthy and hygienic Environment
• Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation
B. Other benefits
• Enhancement in archaeological and historical values of the project place especially
during important religious festivals
• Increased Cultural Values due to assemblage of people from multicultural background,
caste and ethnicity (characterized by its customs, traditions, culture, etc.)
• Improvement in quality of life
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Physical Resources
45. Physical resources of the project area are described in brief in following paragraphs.
3.1.1 Topography
46. The city is characterized by Musketry Hills to west and Turukmatti Hills to the north
giving a general slope in the southeast direction. The Lendi nallah separates the
Cantonment and the civil area of the city in the southeast direction, ultimately joining
the Bellary nallah. Kotikere tank in the northeast of the city has a large command area.
3.1.2 Atmosphere
3.1.2.1 Air Quality
47. At present, air quality in general is good but because of poor sanitation and open sewer
drains air is unhealthy in the project area.
3.1.2.2 Climate
48. The project area falls under North Karnataka climatic zone. The temperature in
Belgaum is generally salubrious except in rainy season. The wet months are from May
to October and dry months are from November to March. The best weather is
experienced in the months of November, December and January. Temperature, Rainfall
and Wind Direction for the project area are given below:
3.1.2.3 Temperature
49. The lowest and highest temperatures are recorded in the months of January and April
around 14.30C and 35.40C respectively.
3.1.2.4 Rainfall
50. The city is classified as high rainfall receiving area. The average annual rainfall in
Belgaum is 1,300 mm. The rainy season is from May to October with maximum rainfall
experienced in the months of July and August. December, January and February are
generally dry.
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3.1.2.5 Humidity
51. The relative humidity varies from 22 to 65 %, which will be higher in the southwest
monsoon and retreating monsoon season with 52 to 70%.
3.1.2.6 Wind Direction
52. The prevailing wind direction is from southwest. Local topography and slope largely
influence the wind direction. The wind direction shifts to northeast during evening
hours. The nearest IMD station is at Belgaum.
3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water
3.1.3.1 Surface Water
53. Belgaum city is an old and important city having major Krisha River source along with
Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River branches, which are important surface water
sources for the city.
3.1.3.2 Ground Water
54. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10-20 m from the ground level.
3.1.4 Geology and Seismology
55. The rock formation in Belgaum chiefly consists of Dharwars, Gneisses, Kaladgi series
and the Deccan trap. Soil is categorized into Red Laterite, Black Trappean soil and
Sandy soil. The ground water level in Belgaum is relatively shallow and it fluctuates 5-
10 m from the ground level.
56. The project area falls under zone III seismicity. The region is not prone to frequent
earthquakes of high intensity. It is normally affected by mild tremors, not causing
damage to life or property.
3.2 Ecological Resources
57. The sensitive and critical natural habitats such as national park, marine park, wildlife
sanctuary, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, reserved forest, protested area and its buffer
zone, declared special area for protecting bio-diversity or wildlife habitat, estuarine
area, coral reef, wet land or marshes or mangrove, cultural heritage sites, etc. were not
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found in the project area. None of the rare and endangered species of flora and fauna
were observed within and surroundings of project area.
3.3 Economic Development
58. Apart from having a significant contribution by defense establishments, educational
institutions and industries, Belgaum City is the major collection and distribution centre
for a range of products, for the surrounding areas. The main commodities traded in the
city are food grains, chilies, edible oils, jaggery, vegetables and fruits, wood furniture,
etc. Artificial silk and cotton sarees, brass materials, engineering products, grinding
stones, tin and oil products are the commodities that are exported from Belgaum.
3.3.1 Industrial Activities
59. Belgaum has five industrial estates spread on 151.30 Ha of land with 354 occupied
plots. The city has only two major industries: Aluminum Factory and Gogte Textiles.
There are about 5,600 industries in the city as in 2002. There are 12 large, medium-
scale engineering units, and 1,379 small-scale units in the city. The various categories
of industries in the city are engineering, textile and hosiery, cement production and
ceramic automobile, chemicals, furniture, printing and binding, pottery and agro-based.
Several types of small-scale industries by category are indicated in Table 3.1. These are
located in industrial estates – B.K. Kangrali, Kakati, Mache, Udyambag and Angol.
Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) Types of Industries Units (No.s) Employment (No.s)
Food 165 834 Leather 60 240 Chemical 5 60 Plastic 10 50 Paper Printing 30 130 Metal Products 400 1,200 Machinery & Parts 50 200 Textiles & Printing 600 1,200 Gold & Silver 25 75 Wood Products 30 60 Handicrafts 4 16 Total 1,379 4,065
Source: District Industries Centre, Belgaum
60. Belgaum has emerged as a major hub of exports from industrial sector. The information
from the Department of Customs and Central Excise reveal that in 2002-03, 200
containers worth of Rs. 62,000 lakh have been exported from Belgaum alone. Major
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exports include Aluminum Powder, Cotton yarn, T-shirts, Turkish Towels, Helmets,
Sugar, Granite, Castings, Hydraulic equipments, Engineering Equipments, etc. Belgaum
district is the second biggest district in Karnataka as far as Quality Certification of
industries is considered. About 75 industries have already obtained ISO certification
and many more are in the pipeline.
61. District Industrial Training Centre is in operation in Udyam Bagh industrial area,
Belgaum, providing training in the field of automobiles, pattern making, repairs and
servicing of radio and home appliances, plumbing and sanitary, repair and servicing of
IP sets and bore wells.
3.4 Social and Cultural Resources
3.4.1 Population and Community
62. At present, the City Corporation (CC) jurisdiction extends to 58 wards covering an area
of 94.08 sq. km. Belgaum was growing at a faster rate since 1931 but during 1991-
2001, the population growth has declined. The highest and lowest population growth
rates recorded were 50.47 percent during 1961-71 and 8.24 percent during 1991-01.
Details of decadal population growth are indicated in the table below (Table 3.2).
Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City Year Population (No.s) Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) (%)
1901 22434 -
1911 29,636 2.82
1921 36,354 2.06
1931 49873 3.21
1941 71,831 3.72
1951 101,110 3.48
1961 127,885 2.38
1971 192,427 4.17
1981 274,430 3.61
1991 369,177 3.01
2001 399,600 0.80
Source: Census Reports
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63. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) has remained steady between 3.61
percent and 3.01 percent, through the period 1971 to 1991. A maximum CAGR of 4.17
percent was recorded during 1961-1971. In 1991-2001, the recorded figure was 0.80
percent. As per Census 1991, the total Workforce Participation Rate (main workers and
marginal workers as a percentage to the total population) was around 27 percent.
64. The population density of Belgaum has increased from 2,601 persons per sq. km to
4,247 persons per sq. km (a growth of 63.28 percent). The area under CC limits did not
change much since 1989. However, there is a drastic decline from 1991 to 2001,
consequently increasing the population density in the city.
Table 3.3: Details of Population Density Year Population (No.s) Area (Sq. Km) Density (Persons / Sq. km)
1991 3,69,177 141.95 2,601
2001 3,99,600 94.08 4,247
Source: Belgaum CC
3.4.2 Household size
65. The total number of households has increased from 68,309 in 1991 to 83,625 in
2001.The average household size in 2001 is 4.8 which is lower than the average
national household size of 6.3 (Census 2001). The lower dependency ratio can be
attributed to constant growth in employment opportunities in the city triggered by
growth in economy, thus negating chances of out-migration.
3.4.3 Sex Ratio
66. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male population) in Belgaum is 951.
The sex ratio in the city was found to be lower than the district figure of 959 and at par
with the state urban average of 940. However, this figure of 951 for Belgaum City is
higher than both district urban figure (948) and state urban average (940). In 1991, the
sex ratio of the city was 933.
3.4.4 Literacy Rate
67. In 2001, the literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above
six years of age) in the city was 88.03 percent. The literacy rate in Belgaum City is
higher than the district (64.40 percent) and the state urban average (71.4 percent). The
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male and female literacy rate was 93.63 percent and 82.16 percent, respectively. The
high literacy rate in the city is attributed to large number of educational institutions.
3.4.5 Occupation
68. Major occupation includes agriculture followed by tertiary occupation of industrial
activities and other business activities.
3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate
69. Belgaum’s workforce participation rate in 1981 was 31.63 percent and decreased to
30.10 percent in 1991. The details of the workforce participation rate for 1981 and 1991
are indicated in following table. The workforce participation rate (percentage of main
and marginal workers to the total population) was 30.53% (including 0.22% of marginal
workers) in 1991. The workforce participation rate (WPR) has decreased approximately
by 2% from 1981 to 1991. The male workforce participation in 1991 (85.23 percent)
was more than the female workforce participation in 1991 (14.77 percent). The
category-wise workforce participation rate as per 1991 Census is indicated in the
following Table 3.4.
Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 Description Persons (No.s) Distribution (%)
Main Workers
Primary Sector
Cultivators 8,170 7.35
Agricultural labourers 3,358 3.02
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing & Repairs in
Household Industry
4,107 3.70
Other Workers 73,865 66.46
Total Main Workers 1,11,137
Marginal workers 21,541 19.38
Total Population 3,69,177 100.00
Source: Census Reports
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3.4.7 Existing Facilities
3.4.7.1 Health facilities
70. One government hospital and several private hospitals and health centers (Allopathic,
Ayurvedic and Homeopathic practices) were observed within CC limits.
3.4.7.2 Education facilities
71. It is also serving as an educational hub with a number of schools and colleges ranging
from primary and secondary schools to medical and engineering colleges.
3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage
72. Belgaum city is known for its ancient archaeological and cultural heritage sites in the
form of forts, temples and Dargahs.
3.4.9 Land Use
73. According to CDP 2011, Belgaum city has 7840.00 Ha of total area in 1989 out of
which 2503.66 Ha is developed. The existing land utilisation detail in the year 1989 as
presented in the CDP is detailed in Table 3.5. As per the existing land use statistics,
residential area constitutes 44.29 percent of the total developed area. Vacant lands
account for 24.71 percent of total local planning area. A vast belt from west to east in
between old city and Shahapur is under agricultural use. Due to rapid urban
development, the land in these areas is well in demand.
Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing)
Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%)
Residential 1,108.75 44.29
Commercial 108.6 4.34
Industrial 415.19 16.58
Public & Semi-public use 289.58 11.57
Public utilities & Open spaces 46.65 1.86
Parks, Play Grounds and Burial Grounds 54.33 2.17
Traffic and Transportation 480.56 19.19
Total Developed Area 2,503.66 100.00
Water Sheet and Hillocks 123.86
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Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%)
Vacant Lands 1,937.43
Agricultural 3,275.05
Grand Total 7,840.00
Source: CDP
3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP
74. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up residential
and commercial areas of Belgaum City. The city limit is well developed and there are
no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no any prohibited
area/cultural heritage from where sewer line is passing through. Hence, the project does
not require consent from ASI.
75. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the
topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The town predominantly
slopes from northwest to southeast and therefore the STP site selected in the southeast
side of the city. Site was selected for STP on topographical considerations. The site for
the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 467 to 474, 528 & 529
and for approached road - survey numbers -part of 50 to 60. This location is about 4km
from Belgaum city and is 3.5 km from the main pumping station. Among the various
technologies it is proposed to adopt Cyclic Activated Sludge Process for this project.
64 MLD capacity (for Intermediate Phase) STP will be designed and constructed which
requires 18 acres of land.
i) The total land requirement for the STP Site for the ultimate year shall be 18.0
acres.
ii) As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is a falling
gradient from northwest to southeast except part of northwest side of the city.
Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is
suggested to have the treatment facility near Halaga village Southeast side of
Belgum city. Soil strata in the town is black cotton soil and predominant in the
region. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10m to 20m.
iii) 18 acres of private land required for the purpose of establishing STP in this
location. There is no residential area nearby STP site.
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4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
76. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many
different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that
are contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required
mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on
Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must
be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be
positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying
necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the
severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low.
Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the
measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The
environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into
location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.
4.2 Location Impacts
77. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involving
loss/damage and/or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological /
cultural / historical/ paleontaological sites/monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on
people- their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may
be direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No
significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements
in the Program components does not pass through/near any environmentally sensitive
areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.
4.3 Design Impacts
78. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of
operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and
ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the
same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.
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4.4 Construction Impacts
79. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen
during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices.
Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery,
vehicles and workers.
4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts
80. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the
operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are
routine management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.
4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts
81. Screening of environmental impacts is based on the magnitude and duration of the
impact. The magnitude of the impact may be negligible/moderate/severe – in the order
of increasing degree and impact duration may be temporary/ permanent (Table 4.1).
Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impacts)
Negligible (N) Moderate (M) Severe (S) Temporary (T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P
82. The tables (Table 4.2 and Table 4.3) present the magnitude and duration of all four
types of possible potential environmental impacts along with required mitigation
measures for the proposed components of Belgaum ULB under NKUSIP. In case of
sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer
line will be along the already built up area. STP location has been selected sufficiently
away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone
along the site boundary, which is not expected to have any impact on existing
environment or surroundings. The program components will have negligible/moderate
and temporary impacts, which can be mitigated by proper environment friendly
measures.
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Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system Potential Negative
Impacts Significance &
Duration of the ImpactMitigation Measures Implementation
Responsibility Preliminary
Costing Location impacts Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of waste stabilization ponds.
N/P This may not be significant as the proposed STP is not in a flood prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 10m to 20m.
Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.
PC N/a
Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors.
M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.
Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.
ULB Part of Design costs
Design Impacts Ground water infiltration
N/P The treated sewage may be used for irrigation.
Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.
ULB Part of Design costs
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
Pollution of the agricultural fields may be due to discharge of partially treated sewage
However, this may not be significant, as treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards, which is stringer than irrigation standards.
The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal climatic variations. The STP system shall be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and no industrial waste/hazardous waste/treated sewage gets discharged to sewer lines. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal: BOD < 30 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0
Impacts on existing utilities such as water supply pipes and contamination of potable water
M/P UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water supply pipelines so that, water supply networks will not be contaminated by sewage from the sewerage networks.
ULB Part of Design costs
Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing/over flooding of sewers.
N/P Storm water drains have been provided all along lagoons to avoid overflowing/over flooding/leakage of STP and untreated sewage during storms or heavy rains. Overflowing storm water shall be let into nallah.
ULB Part of Design costs
Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.
Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odours from STP.
M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Considering the future expansion of the town, mitigation measure may be required.
Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.
ULB Part of Design costs
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 36 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation.
M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.
Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. ULB Part of O & M costs Preparation of sludge management plan
Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in lagoons itself before its disposal in to agricultural areas. Training for sanitation staff will be provided on safe handling of chlorination techniques A sludge management plan is given in Table 4.3.
Surface & groundwater pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah
M/P Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety of effluent ULB Part of O & M costs
Discharge of treated wastewater into drains which could be used for ponding systems
Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for irrigation Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding systems are developed.
Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to excavation
M/P Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas
Dust and noise from construction of STP.
M/T Sewer network will be laid all over the town
Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper signboards.
Contractor
Part of construction cost
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 37 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
including high-density areas. As the proposed STP is located away the habitation, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.
Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying. It shall be ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any.
A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.
Dust due to stockpiled soil in windy weather
M/T Soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction cost
Dust due to soil transportation
M/T Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil when carried on trucks
Contractor Part of construction cost
Collection of rain and ground water in excavated areas
M/T Excavation shall be conducted in the dry season Contractor Part of construction cost Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to farmers for
irrigation Removal of some trees from the site
M/P Trees will be removed only if it cannot be avoided. Contractor Part of construction cost Two trees shall be planted and maintained for every tree if
removed Traffic disturbance by lorries carrying
M/T Proper planning of routes shall be done to avoid narrow local roads
Contractor Part of construction cost
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 38 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
waste soil Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods
Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce
M/T Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from communities in vicinity of STP site.
Contractor Part of construction cost
B. Sewerage Network and Trunk SewerWaste soil due to trenching
M/P As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas
Contractor Part of construction cost
Waste soil may create dust when stored or transported
M/T As above: Waste soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated
Contractor Part of construction cost
As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather
Damage other infrastructure due to trenching
S/P Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed before the commencement of trenching work or these sites shall be avoided
Contractor Part of construction cost
Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located.
Disturbance to road users or public due to repeated trenching
M/T Subprojects shall be integrated to conduct trenching at same time
Contractor Part of construction cost
Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities
M/T The access for business and other facilities along the proposed
During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways shall be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities.
Contractor Part of construction cost.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 39 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
for the public and impact on livelihood (shop owners/keepers) due to loss of access to business.
sewer lining areas will be disturbed during construction period.
Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation procedures must be followed as per Resettlement framework. Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement Framework.
• Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil.
• Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench.
• Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly.
• Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advanceInconvenience to public during trenching and laying of sewer lines/ pipes along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.
M/T Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses
Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame. Contractor Part of Construction Costs Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done
during non-peak hours. Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate signboards.
Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow
M/T Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.
Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper signboard shall be provided.
Contractor Part of construction costs
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 40 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
due to vehicle movement for construction activities.
Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.
Traffic disturbance and road blocking due to laying of sewer network and vehicle movement for construction activities; inconvenience to the local community. Traffic disturbance due to lack of space caused by placing/dumping of soil on road and/or if sewers have to be located in the road itself
M/T The proposed network will be laid in the presently unserved fringe and extension areas. As these areas are not densely populated areas the impacts due to construction activities may not be significant. Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase has to be prepared for rerouting and avoiding slow movement of vehicles.
Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages.
Contractor Part of construction costs
Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Work shall be planned with town authorities. Work shall be carried out when traffic is light. It will be ensured that police provide traffic diversions whenever necessary. Workforce shall be increased to finish this work quickly.
Traffic disturbance and vibration due to trucks removing
N/T Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow streets, congested roads, important/fragile buildings, key religious & tourism sites. Work shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main
Contractor Part of Construction Cost.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 41 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
waste and may cause damage to fragile buildings
tourism season.
Dust and noise from construction activities. Impact on air quality due to dust from waste soil and imported sand
N/T Due to dry climatic condition the dust generation may be considerable. Major noise generating activities such as rock blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged.
The practices such as spraying of water to arrest dust shall be employed. All equipments used in construction activities shall comply with CPCB noise emission norms.
Contractor Part of Construction Cost
Waste soil shall be removed quickly, stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulins and/or water shall be sprinkled to avoid dust pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to site when needed.
Improper disposal of Bituminous waste
M/P Bituminous waste shall be disposed in approved waste disposal sites.
Contractor Part of construction costs
Improper handling of excess soil
N/T Excess soil shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies
Contractor Part of Construction Cost.
On site accident risks for workers and the public
M/T A site Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared and implemented that includes measures to: Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records
Contractor Part of Construction Cost.
Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce
M/T As above: Employment shall be provided to locals particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans-50% of workforce from affected communities
Contractor Part of Construction Cost.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 42 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
O & M Impacts Human health risks and contamination of soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers
M/T Sewer leaks shall be detected and repaired rapidly and effectively
ULB Part of O & M costs
Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.
N/P No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However, nuisance shall be considered.
The suggested mitigation measures shall be implemented to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided.
ULB Part of O & M costs
Impact on business income if customer’s access is impeded by network repair works
S/T • Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil.
• Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench.
• Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly.
• Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance
ULB Part of O & M costs
System failure due to lack/shortage of power supply
M/P Alternative power supply by generator (Capacity: 2000 KVA) for pumps will be provided at STP.
ULB Part of O & M costs
Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers Mixing of Industrial Waste water with
M/P Treatment process in the downstream will be significantly affected Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases
The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid mixing of industrial waste stream/hazardous waste with sewage in sewer system.
KSPCB and ULB
Part of O&M Cost
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 43 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
sewage Odour nuisance due to STP This impact may be considered as negligible due to location of plant site and proposed buffer provision
M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.
Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork will be created and well maintained around the site.
ULB Part of O & M costs
Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.
N/P As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact may be minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.
The following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge will be ensured: BOD < 30 mg/l - Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0
ULB N/a.
Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods
M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health
For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding machine with adequate capacity will be procured. The sludge, silt, etc. extracted manually during cleaning, de-weeding and de-silting of sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary workers will be transported through mini trucks immediately and disposed off in approved landfill site or solid waste management sites.
ULB Part of O & M costs
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 44 SPAN
Potential Negative Impacts
Significance & Duration of the Impact
Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility
Preliminary Costing
hazards. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented.
Sludge removal from treatment ponds once in every 7 years
S/T Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of bacteria and pathogens
ULB Part of O & M costs
Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling and safety of workers
M/P Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with a contact time of 30 min. Hypochlorate solution will be used as disinfectant.
ULB Part of Construction and Operation Cost.
Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency.
Economic benefits to local people by project
M/P STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas ULB Part of O & M costs
Discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater to water
M/T Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be carried out. ULB Part of O & M costs A water quality-testing laboratory will be provided.
Health & Safety risks of workers and the public during repair work
M/T H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with same measures as used in construction phase ULB
Part of O & M costs
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 45 SPAN
Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan
Quantity of sludge generated
Duration of
Collection
Method of
collection
Treatment Method
Storage Disposal Safety measures
26449 tonnes
Once in 7 years
Manually by scrapping
Sludge is dried in lagoon itself
No storage. Dried and collected sludge will be disposed soon after the removal
Sludge will be disposed as manure to nearby agricultural lands or to land fill sites.
Workers safety must be considered. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 46 SPAN
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PLANS
5.1 Institutional Requirements
83. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the
following paragraphs.
Nodal Executing Agency (EA) 84. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the
nodal executing agency responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program
implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment
Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set up within KUIDFC. The
Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU with the assistance of an Executive
Director at the Regional Office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment
Program progress.
State level Empowered Committee 85. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted with
representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from
Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.
Implementing Agency (IA) 86. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with various
other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented by ULB
reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee
sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment
Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The investment Program
Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all of its responsible
implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and quality check of
construction activities.
87. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee
will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional
reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 48 SPAN
88. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting
required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the
borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment
Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed
by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for
review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE
reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA
reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.
89. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the
Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the
contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures
are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants
as specified in the IEE.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment
Program Phase Activity Particulars Responsible
Agency Design Phase Investment Program
categorization Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines
Belgaum ULB
Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment Program (NKUSIP) as A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines
PMU
Environmental Assessment (EA) Study
Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Program categorization Carrying out Public consultation and Information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report
Investment Program Consultants
Investment Program clearances Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from concerned Govt. Agencies
ULB
Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same
PMU
Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made available to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available.
ULB
Incorporation of mitigation measures into Investment Program design
Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and in contract documents
Investment Program Consultants
Review of design documents Review of design documents and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures
PMU
Construction Phase
Implementation of mitigation measures
Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given in IEE/EIA Report Contractor
Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase and monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures
Investment Program Consultants
Preparation of Progress Reports
Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of mitigation measures
ULB in assistance of Program Consultants (PC)
Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan ULB Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-
project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan KSPCB
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 50 SPAN
Training Requirements
90. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of
PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for
providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be
involved in the monitoring of Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB
will implement the Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures
specified in IEE report is part of contractor’s responsibilities during construction.
However, the responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the
incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence, considering
the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the training program is
very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The table (Table 5.2)
presents the suggested training program:
Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants
Program - 1 Orientation Program/ Workshop for Implementing and Executing Agencies
Orientation Program –
• Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP
• ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines
• EIA requirements of NKUSIP • National (Indian) Environmental
Laws and Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program
• Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs
2 days • PMU officials involved in the Investment Program
• ULB officials
involved in the Investment Program implementation
Environmental Assessment Process –
• Investment Program categorization as per ADB
• IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports
• Identification of Environmental Impacts
• Identification of Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental
Management Plan • Implementation and Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Incorporation of mitigation measures
in the Investment Program Design and Contracts
Program - 2 Orientation Program/
Implementation of Mitigation Measures
• Environment issues related to urban
1 day • Contractors involved in NKUSIP
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 51 SPAN
Program Particulars Schedule Participants Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory Staff
infrastructure Investment Programs during construction
• Implementation of mitigation measures
• Monitoring of mitigation measures
• Supervisory staff involved in NKUSIP
Program – 3 Experience sharing
Experiences/Best Practices in the
Investment Program-
• Experiences during implementation of mitigation measures of environmental concern in the Investment Program
• Best practices followed during implementation
1day-every alternative year from the commencement of Investment program
• PMU officials • ULB officials • Local NGOs
5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans
91. Monitoring is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed
environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful
information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures.
Component specific Environmental Monitoring for sewerage system is given in Table
5.3. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design changes.
Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table 5.4 and annual
environmental cost estimate is provided in Table 5.5.
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures- Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents
N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before signing of the contract
PMU
All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)
- Proposed designs of DSC
One time before final design phase
PC
Design of occupational safety measures - Proposed designs of DSC
One time before final design phase
PC
Training programs for staff by consultants -- --
As needed before and during implementation
PC
Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.
Sewer pipes and Manholes
Gas monitoring in the sewerage network
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB with the assistance of Program consultants
All location and design related Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU/ULB/PC
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.
N.A.
the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents
inspection of designs
Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture
STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB
Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks
N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract
One-off inspection of contract document
PMU
Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance
Sewer laying sites and surroundings
Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.
Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program consultants
Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 54 SPAN
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil
From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods
From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in dry weather
Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season
All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers
STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil
Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches
Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed
All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
*Compensation for businesses for lost income
Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work
Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
KUIDFC 55 SPAN
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at same time
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites
Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration
Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times
Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys
Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/
PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel
All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Following of documented procedures for all site activities
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Maintenance of accident reports and records
All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites
All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Operation Stage Monitoring Baseline water quality Bellary nallh Water quality testing for parameters
such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc.
Monthly once as part
of Plant operation
ULB
Clogging of drains Sewer network sites
Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-
silting/de-weeding, etc.
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring
Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System
STP and Sewer network
Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system.
• Frequent flushing or scraping.
Regular/routine –daily maintenance
ULB
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility • Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. • Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. • Lagoon covers. • Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.
Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.
Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality
Inlet of STP
- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)
- Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP
Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: • BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 • SS < 100mg/l
Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring
ULB
Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling
N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB
Emergency plan for Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters
Pumping Station and STP
Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators (125KVA) have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.
Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure
ULB
Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
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Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored
Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency
Mitigation/ Monitoring
Responsibility Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize land
STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB
Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents
Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB
Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary
Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB
Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings
Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB
Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas
Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB
Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive periods
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
Preparation and operation of H&S plan to protect workers and citizens
All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB
Economic benefits to local people-STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas
STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB
Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent
STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years
ULB
Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge
STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years
ULB
Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease
Belgaum City Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years
ULB
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Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility I. Construction Stage Sewerage System
Sewer lines laying sites and STP site
Trenching and laying of water supply pipelines, sewer lines and storm water drains
Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems and stock piling and causing injuries or death
Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc.
Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register
Contractor, PMU and ULB
Improper management of equipments / machines Transportation of construction materials to and from sites
Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records
II. Operation Stage Sewerage system
Sewer Network sites and STP Unit
Repair work and de-silting
Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and
Providing personal protective equipments such as mask, boots, gloves, etc.
Monthly inspection of operation and
ULB
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Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility
Sewer cleaning – sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste
skin problems such as allergy and injuries
Immediate medical attention and first aid
maintenance; and accident records
Treating ground water contamination
First aid and awareness training to staff
Gas monitoring in sewer pipes
Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.
STP
Chlorine handling Eye irritation, Respiratory problems -m allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems
Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers
Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records
ULB
Monthly health check-up for workers
Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine
Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals
Maintenance of accident reports and records
Sludge handling Installation of safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff
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Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Monitoring during Operation Phase
1 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,0002 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,0003 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000
Training cost 1 Program 1 3,0002 Program 2 3,0003 Program 3 2,000
Other 1 Group Discussions 2,0002 Health checkups for workers 50,000
TOTAL 1,50,000Amount in Figures: Rupees One lakh fifty thousand only
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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
92. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank, the
PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public,
Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works
Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage
Board, etc. and CC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public
consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the
design process of all the project components.
93. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for
assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was
collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental
conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and the
merit or its rehabilitation.
94. During field visits, CC officials (including the commissioner) and local people (farmers,
businessmen, Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the present situation of
the project area environment and to establish necessary mitigation measures for the
project components. These consultations have given insight into the concerns and
requirements of CC officials and publics with relation to implementation of program
components within the CC area. These contacts provided an opportunity for the local
community to involve in the initial stages of the project activities. Table 6.1 below
gives details of the Public Consultation.
Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB Date Place Taluk District No. of
participants
12-07-2008 CC, Belgaum Belgaum Belgaum 15
13-07-2008 Bus stand Area,
Belgaum
25
13-07-2008 Railway Station
Area, Belgaum
20
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95. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components within
the CC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include proper
operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly with
reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the quality
of life for the local communities.
Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation S. No. Queries Responses
1 Will choking of drains be
stopped? Will odor
problem be stopped?
Yes. Routine maintenance will be done by
ULB.
2 Will the project enhance
the environmental
conditions of the city?
Yes. The purpose of the program is to
provide sewerage facilities and STP with due
concern to the environment.
3 Will health risks be
avoided? What about
health risks of STP
workers?
Yes. UGD and STP facilities will solve these
problems to the maximum.
Sludge Handling workers will be provided
with protective coverings to overcome any
health risks.
UGD facilities must be properly used by the
communities to avoid any water/wastewater
related health problems. Open faeciation
must be completely avoided.
A B Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation
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Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)
96. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances
not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC)
established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be
transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and
adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the
affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism
through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views
of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and
implementation process.
97. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District
Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A.
E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns. In addition to the functions of the committee,
Grievance redress was included as additional functions vide GO: No. N. A. E. 167 PRJ
05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional two towns of NKUSIP
Package II – Nippani and Ilkal, which were included. Later the DLPSC was established
along the function of grievance redress vide GO: No. N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated
29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.
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7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Findings
98. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect)
environmental impacts. Sewerage system improvement with Sewage Treatment Plant
component has certain environmental issues such as sludge handling and disposal; and
required mitigation measures during construction and operation phases have been
provided. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many
beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio-economic environment. The
nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will
fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental
benefits will outweigh any localized impacts.
99. The suitable Activity plans required for these construction and operation specific
impacts of all program components should be prepared by the ULB in association with
Program Consultants before construction phase and must be included in the Contract
Document. The Activity Plans based on identified mitigation measures include Sludge
Management and Disposal Plan (with reference to STP) and Health Risk Plan (with
reference to health of workers involved in Sewerage system and STP). CC and
Contractors should implement these plans during program construction and operation
phases.
7.2 Recommendations
100. It is expected that the proposed project components have only minor, negative,
localized, temporary and less significant environmental impacts. These impacts can be
easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during
the Design, Construction and Post Construction Phase of the project. It is recommended
that PMU should have monitoring responsibility in environmental issues of all program
components and to ensure the environmental sustenance of NKUSIP.
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8. CONCLUSIONS
101. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify
environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design, and
feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering
designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing of
heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of
domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional construction
practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed out the need to
revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental impacts, reducing
potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among others.
102. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society. The
project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can be
understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any
significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It is
recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to
protect the environment. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and
environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the proposed
Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for subproject
selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only IEE for
proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.
APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST
Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package II – Belgaum CC
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area…
• Densely populated? √
• Heavy with development activities? √ • Adjacent to or within any environmentally
sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site √ • Protected Area √ • Wetland √ • Mangrove √ • Estuarine √ • Buffer zone of protected area √ • Special area for protecting biodiversity √ • Bay √
B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…
• Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
√ No damage to any of the cultural/religious sensitive areas. The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples
• Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?
√ During the construction of UGD lines traffic and human activities may be temporarily affected with pollution caused by dust and noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been
Instructions: • This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is
to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.
• This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a
Regional Department. • This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social
dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.
• Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify
potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
SEWAGE TREATMENT
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks suggested.
• Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?
√ Land acquisition is required for project implementation. But, no human settlements near the STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people.
• Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?
√ The discharged system is designed to meet the discharge norms of Inland surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no industrial waste/treated sewages should be discharged to sewer lines, which will affect treatment.
• Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?
√ Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.
• Environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?
√ It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal has to be carried out once in 7 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Belgaum CC has to ensure that no industrial treated sewage will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines.
• Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?
√ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB.
• Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?
√ As suggested in EMP Belgaum CC has to ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged into sewer lines.
• Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?
√ Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is suggested to provide proper shielding such that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings.
• Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?
√ The local labor force will be utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.
• Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?
√ Avoidance of road blocking and rerouting of traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report.
• Noise and dust from construction activities? √ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water.
• Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?
√ Traffic management with rerouting of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks material/waste transport.
• Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ The construction wastewater will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses.
• Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?
√ Regular maintenance of sewer lines has to be carried out to avoid overflow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (10m-20m)
• Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?
√ Sludge from the bottom of C-tech method of treatment has to be removed at regular intervals (normally once in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and thereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility.
• Contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?
√ Sludge should be disposed off only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo-synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment.
• Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in sewage and sludge?
√ Mixing of hazardous/industrial treated sewages with sewage may result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP, which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and they shall be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.