Inhibitory Pavlovian Conditioning Stimuli can become conditioned to signal the absence of a US— such learning is called Inhibitory Conditioning CS+ = excitatory CS = CS US CS- = inhibitory CS = CS no US itory Conditioning only occurs if there is a ory context
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Inhibitory Pavlovian Conditioning Stimuli can become conditioned to signal the absence of a US— such learning is called Inhibitory Conditioning CS+ = excitatory.
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Inhibitory Pavlovian Conditioning
Stimuli can become conditioned to signal the absence of a US— such learning is called Inhibitory Conditioning
CS+ = excitatory CS = CS USCS- = inhibitory CS = CS no US
Inhibitory Conditioning only occurs if there is an excitatory context
Procedures for Inhibitory Conditioning
• On some trials:
CS+ US
On other trials:
CS+/CS- no US
• Whether the CS+ is followed by the US is conditional on the presence of the CS-.
The important test was Clicker alone vs Clicker + Noise
The rats feared the clicker alone (the rats took longer to drink), but the presence of the noise (which had signalled no shock when paired with the light and had never been paired with the clicker) reduced the fear elicited by the clicker.
The excitatory effect of the clicker (expect shock; fear) and the inhibitory effect of the noise (do not expect shock; reduced fear) summate, and produce a reduced conditioned fear response.
Retardation-of-Acquisition Test
If the CS- is a conditioned inhibitor for a particular US, it should:
Be harder than a neutral stimulus to turn into a conditioned excitor (i.e., a CS+)
That is, learning that the stimulus now predicts the US should be retarded relative to controls that did not have the CS previously conditioned as an inhibitor.
Example of Retardation of Acquisition Test
On a test:
All groups get
Conditioned Inhibition Group
On some trials: Light Shock
On other trials: Light + Noise No Shock
Control Group
Light
Noise Shock
Shock
Conditioned Inhibition Group should take longer to acquire a CR than the Control Group.
Compare strength of conditioning for conditioned inhibition and control groups
CIGroup
ControlGroup
MeanTime
Noise was previouslytrained as a CI in theCI group
Noise previouslyreceived no training inthe Control group
Lick Suppression Test
Comparison of CE and CI
Excitation is quicker and easier to get than inhibitory conditioning
-US is a more salient event than no-US
Extinction is different with CS+ versus CS--can’t simply give CS by itself
What can reduce/extinguish a CI?
-presentation of the US
-even if given randomly; not necessary to have CS-US pairings
-change from a negative contingency to a ‘0’ contingency (i.e., no predictive relationship)