Ingress of salinity in coastal area Prepared By:- Patel Hardik P. (En No.110780106034) Patel Dax S. (En No.110780106026) Patel Sapana S. (EnNo.110780106011) Patel Hiral J. (En No.110780106023) Guided By:- Prof .Mr Bhavik G Patel Prof. Mr Utkarsh Nigam 1
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Ingress of salinity in coastal area
P re p a re d B y : -
Patel Hardik P. (En No.110780106034)
Patel Dax S. (En No.110780106026)
Patel Sapana S. (EnNo.110780106011)
Patel Hiral J. (En No.110780106023)
Guided By:-
Prof .Mr Bhavik G Patel
Prof. Mr Utkarsh Nigam 1
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Introduction
Problem
Objective
Literature
Methodology
Data collection and monitoring
Scope of work 2
Introduction
Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water.
Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspect of the
chemistry of natural water and biological process.
The “Salinity refers to the degree of saltiness of water or more
specifically the concentration of dissolved solids involved”
Seawater intrusion is the movement of seawater into fresh water
aquifers due to natural processes or human activities.
The amount of salinity in a given water is expressed as Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) and specified either in terms of weight of
salts in solution or weight of salt per unit volume of water.
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Introduction
There are several different ways to measure salinity; the two
most frequently used analyses are described below :
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) : TDS is a measure of all dissolved
substances in water, including organic and suspended particles that
can pass through a very small filter. TDS is measured in a
laboratory and reported as mg/lit.
Electrical Conductivity (EC) : The ability of an electric current to
pass through water is proportional to the amount of dissolved salts
in the water-specifically, the amount of charged ( ionic ) particles.
EC is a measure of the concentration of dissolved ions in water
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Seawater Intrusion
A natural process that occurs in
virtually all coastal aquifers.
Define as a movement of
seawater into inland fresh
groundwater aquifers, as a result
of
1. Higher seawater density than
fresh water
2. Ground water withdrawal in
coastal areas
This migration of seawater into
the freshwater aquifer is known
as seawater intrusion.
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The first physical
formulations of saltwater
intrusion were made by
W.Badon-Ghijben (1888,1889)
and A. Herzberz (19 01) thus
called the Ghyben-Herzberz
relation.
The Figure shows the
Ghyben-Herzberz relation.
Z= 40h
Ghyben-Herzberz Relation
The depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater is
approximately 40times the height of the water table above sea level.
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Land move down Tectonic uplift
Sea level rise Change in
hydrological regime
Costal zone River & Estuaries
Human activates Countermeasures
Effects
Costal aquifers
Change in natural recharge: Precipitation evapotranspiration
Costal erosion Tidal effect
Back water effect Saline surface water
Ground water extraction Mining – gas oil sand
Salt water intrusion Salt damage crop Decrease ground water resources