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Infrared (& Submm) Observa3ons of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs): Starforming BCGs as Galaxy Forma5on Laboratories(?) Eiichi Egami Steward Observatory University of Arizona Note: BCGs discussed here live in the most Xrayluminous (i.e., most massive) clusters of galaxies.
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Infrared((&(Submm)Observaonsof BrightestCluster(Galaxies ...member.ipmu.jp/clj2010/program_files/Talks/egami.pdf · Collaborators(• A.(Fiedler((Spitzer/MIPS)(• J.(Portouw((Spitzer/IRS)(•

May 15, 2020

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Page 1: Infrared((&(Submm)Observaonsof BrightestCluster(Galaxies ...member.ipmu.jp/clj2010/program_files/Talks/egami.pdf · Collaborators(• A.(Fiedler((Spitzer/MIPS)(• J.(Portouw((Spitzer/IRS)(•

Infrared  (&  Submm)  Observa3ons  of    Brightest  Cluster  Galaxies  (BCGs):  

Star-­‐forming  BCGs  as    Galaxy  Forma5on  Laboratories(?)  

Eiichi  Egami  Steward  Observatory  

University  of  Arizona  

Note:  BCGs  discussed  here  live  in  the  most  X-­‐ray-­‐luminous  (i.e.,  most  massive)    clusters  of  galaxies.  

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Collaborators  

•  A.  Fiedler  (Spitzer/MIPS)  •  J.  Portouw  (Spitzer/IRS)  •  C.  Kuniyoshi,  D.  Rafferty,  M.  Wise  (Chandra)  

•  A.  Edge,  C.  O’Dea,  S.  Baum,  A.  Quillen  

•  G.  Smith  and  the  LoCuSS  team  

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Brightest  cluster  galaxies  (BCGs)  are  so  dead  and  boring  that    they  can  even  be  standard  candles.  Is  this  really  the  whole  story?  

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BCGs  as  Red  Dead  Galaxies  

De  Lucia  &  Blaizot  (2007)    Star  forma3on  in  small  galaxies  

Mass  assembly  via  dry  mergers  

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Massive  dry  merger  involving  a  BCG  

Rines  et  al.  (2007)  

z=0.39  

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BUT,  some  BCGs  are  forming  stars….  

Egami  et  al.  (2006)  

(strong  AGN)  

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And  star-­‐forming  BCGs  are  located  in  strongly  cooling  cluster  cores  

     Gas            0.6                0.6                1.9                3.0              24.8            29.1            30.9    Gyr  cooling        3me  

Classical  cooling-­‐flow  clusters  

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Star-­‐forming  BCGs  as  Galaxy  Forma3on  Laboratories  

•  Classical  cooling-­‐flow  picture  (mass  deposi3on  rates  >  200-­‐300  M/yr)  is  no  longer  valid.    X-­‐ray  observa3ons  do  not  see  this  much  of  cooling  gas  (ICM  must  be  somehow  heated;  e.g.,  AGN).  

•  However,  cooling  flows  may  s3ll  exist  with  a  much  smaller  strength  (<  100  M/yr).  

•  If  so,  star-­‐forming  BCGs  may  allow  us  to  study  the  process  of  galaxy  forma3on  (i.e.,  cooling  gas  accre3ng  on  to  a  seed  mass)  as  opposed  to  galaxy  transforma3on  (galaxy-­‐galaxy  mergers).  

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Outline  1.  Spitzer/MIPS  24um  cluster  snapshot  survey  –  Iden3fy  IR-­‐luminous  BCGs  –  (Iden3fy  IR-­‐luminous  gravita3onally  lensed  

galaxies)  

2.  Spitzer/IRS  spectroscopic  follow-­‐up  –  Examine  mid-­‐IR  spectra  (5-­‐30um)  of  IR-­‐luminous  

BCGs    

3.  Next  steps  (Chandra,  HST,  Gemini,  IRAM,  PdB,  Herschel)  

4.  Summary  

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1.  Spitzer/MIPS  24um  cluster  snapshot  survey  

•  Goal:  Iden3fy  IR-­‐luminous  BCGs  (and  strongly  lensed  galaxies)  

•  Targets:  103/165  LoCuSS  clusters  (G.  Smith’s  talk)  –  0.15<z<0.3  – NHI  <  7x1020  cm-­‐2  

–  -­‐70°  <  δ  <  70°;  further  trimmed  to  δ  <  +30°  (ALMA)  –  Lx  >  2  x  1044  erg/s  – No  previous  Spitzer  observa3ons  –  23  hrs  in  total  

•  Sensi3vity:  ~100  uJy  (5  σ)  at  24  um  

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Spitzer  Images  of  A2218    

Background sources dominate the cluster core @24 um -> Cluster works as a transparent lens @24um

2.3'

Z=0.17  

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Op3cal  (DSS)       Near-­‐IR  (2MASS)   MIPS  24um  F24  =  15  mJy  Log(LTIR)=11.6  

Type  1:  AGN  

MMT  op3cal  spectrum  

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Type  2:  Star-­‐Forming  

op3cal   Near-­‐IR   MIPS  24um  F24  =  390  uJy  Log(LTIR)  =  10.1  

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Type  3:    Hot  dust    heated  by  evolved    stars  

Type  4:  No  24um    Emission  

op3cal   Near-­‐IR   MIPS  24um  

F24  =  115  uJy  Log(LTIR)=9.5    

F24  <  100  uJy  Log(LTIR)  <  9  

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LTIR  distribu3on  

No  24um  detec3on  (35%)  

 Hot  dust  heated  by  evolved  stars  (42%)  

Star  forma3on/AGN  (23%)  

Rieke  et  al.  (2009)  F24  -­‐>  LTIR  conversion  

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2.  Spitzer  IRS  spectroscopic  follow-­‐up  

•  Goal:  Examine  the  mid-­‐IR  spectra  (5-­‐30  um)  of  IR-­‐bright  BCGs  with  IRS  (e.g.,  SF,  AGN?)  

•  Sample:  –  IR-­‐bright  BCGs  selected  from  the  MIPS  24um  snapshot  survey  as  well  as  from  other  Spitzer  GTO/GO  programs.  

– Some  number  of  z<0.15  BCGs  included    enable  us  to  probe  lower-­‐luminosity  (LTIR<1010  L)  BCGs.  

– Targets:  ~25  BCGs  (40  hrs  in  total)  

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H2  with  SF  -­‐  Z3146  BCG  

1010  M  warm  H2!!  Likely  shock-­‐heated  

Egami  et  al.  (2006)  

ROSAT  (Edge  et  al.  1994)  

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More  Strong  H2  with  SF!  

Star  forma5on  and  strong  H2  emission  triggered  by  cluster  cooling  flows?  

Egami  et  al.  (2010,  in  prep)  

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AGN  BCGs  

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More  detec3ons  of  H2  monsters  (IR-­‐luminous  BCGs)!    Even  without  PAHs  (i.e.,  SF)!!  

No  PAHs   No  PAHs  

Egami  et  al.  in  prep  (2010)  

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Similarly  strong  H2  lines  are  also  seen  in  BCGs  in  other  cool-­‐core  clusters  (de  Messieres  et  al.  2009).  

Apparently,  strong  star-­‐forma3on  is  not  required  to  produce  these  H2  lines  (weak  PAH  features).  

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3.  Next  Steps  

•  Chandra  –  Derive  the  proper3es  of  parent  clusters  (e.g.,  gas  cooling  3me,  mass  deposi3on  rates)  

•  Gemini/NIFS  –  Examine  the  spa3al  distribu3on  of  line  emiwng  regions  (e.g.,  H2,  Paα)    

•  IRAM  30m  –  Detect  CO  emission    

•  Herschel  –  Determine  far-­‐IR  SEDs;  Detect  far-­‐IR  cooling  lines  

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Cooling-­‐Flow  Cluster  BCGs  Edge  et  al.  (2010a,  b)  

PACS  (70/100/160um  three-­‐color)  

SPIRE  (250/350/500um  three-­‐color)  

[C  II]    158  um   [O  I]  63  um  

[N  III]  122  um   [O  Ib]  145  um  

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Summary  

•  About  20%  of  X-­‐ray-­‐luminous  (Lx  >  2  x  1044  erg/s)  clusters  at  z=0.15-­‐0.3  harbor  IR-­‐bright  (LTIR  >  1010  L)  BCGs.    

•  IR  luminosi3es  of  these  BCGs  are  generated  by  star  forma3on  and/or  AGNs.  

•  Some  of  these  BCGs  show  excep3onally  strong  H2  lines.    Are  these  lines  telling  something  about  the  ICM  cooling  process  ?    High  spa3al-­‐resolu3on  informa3on  is  needed  to  understand!  (e.g.,  AO-­‐assisted  near-­‐IR  IFU  observa3ons).  

•  Next  genera3on  of  IR  space  telescopes  could  detect  such  H2  lines  up  to  z=6-­‐8  (in  principle…).      

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