Infrared Technology presented at Entelec

All content is this presentation is protected - © 2014 Pelco

Infrared Technology for Operational Video

Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014

Fundamentals of Infrared Technology

Unique Attributes of Infrared Technology

Overview:

Training Agenda – Session 1


FUNDAMENTALS OF INFRARED TECHNOLOGY

Understanding the Technology


What is an Infrared Camera?A camera that sees part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is invisible to humans -- it sees heat, NOT light.

Best at detecting humans and vehicles.

Thermal Imaging: 8-12 m

Visible light: .4 m - .7 m

Infrared: 0.7m - 20m

CosmicRays

GammaRays

X-rays

Ultraviolet(UV)

Infrared(IR)

Microwaves

Radar

Radio BroadcastBand

Ultraviolet(UV)

Visible LightInfrared

(IR)

Short Wavelengths Long Wavelengths

1 Nanometer 1 Micron 1 Millimeter 1 Meter 1 Kilometer


Infrared Spectrum

Visible CamerasVisible Light Spectrum

400 – 750 nm(0.4 to 0.75 um) LWIR Thermal Camera

8 – 12 um

The earths atmosphere only transmits some wavelengths of light, other wavelengths are

absorbed.

Visible CameraNight Mode operates

out to 1000nm(1 um)

Any object at a temperature > absolute zero will emit radiation but the wavelength of the emitted

radiation depends on the temperature.


Key difference: Thermal vs. Visible

Visible Cameras Require Illumination

Thermal Cameras Require

NO Illumination

Reflected Light

Radiated Heat


Long and Mid Wavelength Infrared

• MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) cameras use the 3-5 m band– Known as MWIR (Mid-Wave Infra-Red)– Used to measure high temperatures (>250oC)– Much more sensitive, long range– Require cryogenic coolers (maintenance)– Are expensive by comparison

• LWIR (Long-Wave Infrared) cameras use the 8-12 m band– No cooler, almost no maintenance– Used to measure temperatures from -10oC to 250oC– Much less expensive– Optimized for detecting people and vehicles


Why Use Infrared Technology?

• Accurate automated analytics for detecting people and vehicles– Perimeter detection– People and vehicle directional counting

• Contactless temperature measurement– Process monitoring & Predictive maintenance– A large number of points need to be monitored– Problematic to instrument with point sensors

• Ability to “see” normally invisible gases


Infrared Imaging Works in Tough Environmental Conditions

• Advantages over standard cameras include:– See in complete darkness– See through obscurants (smoke, dust, haze, etc.)– See through particulates (fog, rain, snow)– See beyond the glare of a bright light


Thermal Advantage: Avoid Glare

• Thermal imagers see heat, not light

– This means theyare not effectedby bright lights likestandard cameras

– They work equallywell day and night

• Important: This isnot just a night-time technology!


THERMAL VIDEO ANALYTICSUnderstanding the Technology


Thermal Analytics Enables Many Applications People Counting

Queue Management

Occupancy/Space Utilization

Thermal Excels at People and Vehicle Detection/Counting Due to High Image Contrast

Thermal Integrated Analytics


Thermal Video Analytics Behaviors

• Analytics1. Adaptive Motion2. Loitering Detection3. Object Counting4. Stopped Vehicle

• Analytics “At The Edge”– Reduces infrastructure / server burden


Examples of Analytic Behaviors

Auto Trip Left

Count all trip wire

People directional trip wire


THERMOGRAPHYUnderstanding the Technology


What is Thermography(very general description)

Measure the temperature of any object in the camera’s field of view

–Easily set alarm temperature–Send an alarm when the temperature of the object exceeds set point–Record or monitor temperature trend information


Thermography Analytics

Analytics built into the camera:1. Absolute temperature

– Measures the actual temperature of an object and alarms when the object exceeds, or drops below a temperature set in the analytic

2. Relative temperature– Measures the temperature of 2 or more objects and alarms when

difference between the temperatures of objects exceeds the temperature set in the analytic.

3. Self Reference– Takes the initial temperature of an object during set up and alarms

when the object’s self referenced temperature exceeds a specified temperature delta.


Sarix TI Thermography

“temperature specs”

Temperature Measurement– Range: –20° to 120°C ( -4° to 248°F) – Reading Accuracy: ±2°C or ±2% of reading

(whichever is larger)

Target Distance Range:

2 to140m


INFRARED GAS LEAK DETECTIONUnderstanding the Technology


Key Concepts To Make The Cloud Visible

• The gas must absorb infrared radiation in the waveband that the camera can see

• The cloud must have a radiant contrast to the background• The apparent temperature of the cloud must be different to

the background• Cloud motion assists the visibility of the gas

Gas Cloud


How Infrared Gas Detection Works

• The mid wave infrared (MWIR) gas detection camera has a detector response of 3-5 μm which is further spectrally limited to 3.3 μm using a filter.

• This makes the camera responsive to many types of gases

Gas AbsorptionSpectrum

CameraSensitivity


Gas Imaging Technology: Applicable Industries

• Oil Refining – Infrared cameras have excellent sensitivity to the crude oil fractions from gasoline to kerosene.

• Petrochemical and Chemical – An MWIR camera has excellent response to many of the chemicals used in these industries.

• Power Generation - Gas fired power stations use natural gas as fuel. The mid wave camera is used for leak detection

• Natural Gas – MWIR camera clearly sees methane and ethane and is used for leak detection from the gas production field right through the distribution network.


Example: Methane Absorption

Wavelength (mm)

Tran

smis

sion

Strong AbsorptionWavelengths


Example: Propane Absorption

Wavelength (mm)

Tran

smis

sion

Strong AbsorptionWavelengths


Example: SF6 AbsorptionTr

ansm

issi

on

Wavelength (mm)

Strong AbsorptionWavelength

Circuit Breaker Using SF6


Video - Propane Example

Video Analytics Provide Automated Gas Leak Alarms


Gases Detected Using Medium Wavelength Infrared Cameras (3-5mm)

• Benzene• Butane• Ethane• Ethylbenzene• Ethylene• Heptane• Hexane• Isoprene• MEK• Methane

• Methanol• MIBK• Octane• Pentane• 1-Pentane• Propane• Propylene• Toluene• Xylene


Gases Detected Using Long Wavelength Infrared Cameras (8-12mm)

• Sulphur Hexafluoride• Anhydrous Ammonia• Ethyl Cyanoacrylate

(‘Superglue’)• Chlorine Dioxide• Acetic Acid• FREON-12• Ethylene• Methyl Ethyl Ketone

(MEK)• SF6

• Acetyl Chloride• Allyl Bromide• Allyl Chloride• Allyl Fluoride• Bromomethane• FREON-11• Furan• Hydrazine• Methylsilane

• Methyl Vinyl Ketone

• Propenal• Propene• Tetrahydrofuran• Trichloroethylene• Uranyl Fluoride• Vinyl Chloride• Vinyl Cyanide• Vinyl Ether


Infrared Camera Leak Detection Limitations

• Distance Range past 100 feet• Gas cloud differential needed• Strong winds & small leaks – tough situation• Rainy and misty days


OPERATIONAL INFRARED VIDEO EXAMPLES

Understanding the Technology

All content is this presentation is protected - © 2014 Pelco


Infrared Imaging Applications Predictive Maintenance

Safety - TrafficSecurity - Thermal Fence

Process Monitoring & Control


Example: Heat Flow in Servers


Example: Welder Preventative Maintenance


Example: Electrical SubstationsCost Effective Perimeter Security Predictive Maintenance

• Continuous thermal monitoring• Make repairs before problems spread and

costs spiral up• Prevent expensive downtime due to

equipment failure•Proven ROI

• Power industry use of thermographic inspections


Example: Oil Pump Monitoring• Monitor critical pump head component

temperatures• Two cameras per pump pad

52°66°

80°92°

48 Oil Pumps


Example: Liquid Levels in Tanks

Schneider Electric – CONFIDENTIAL


Example: Airport Operations

Provides operational information during day, night, and adverse weather conditions, even in fog

Visible Camera View Thermal Camera View


Example: Lower Utility Costs

• Customer Problem: Fresno State University stadium had ongoing vandalism to the field– Original solution: Keep stadium lights on all night, every night with

active guard monitoring of visible cameras– Pro: Prevented damage to the new $1M field– Con: 140 kW lighting = ~$60k/year + personnel


Example: Lower Utility Costs

• FSU installed two thermal cameras running analytics to monitor the stadium

• Benefits of their $7000 investment:– Lights can be kept off, with ROI in a few months– Automated alarms reduce personnel for monitoring


Handheld Thermography Limitations

• Two Full Time Team Members take manual pictures of the cables and motors.

• Over temperature condition it is logged

• This method is only 30 percent effective

• Most faults are found after a cable/motor has failed and production is impacted.

• These failures create 30-60 minutes of downtime per event.


CLOSING DISCUSSIONThank you for your time today!

Infrared Technology presented at Entelec

Technology

thermal analytics

thermal advantage

pelco infrared technology

illumination thermal

infrared imaging works

glare thermal imagers

alarm temperature

absolute temperature