Infrared radiometry as a tool for - Amazon Web Services€¦ · - Potato shows high stomatal sensitiveness to atmospheric conditions - Infrared radiometry must be taken around 14:00

Infrared radiometry as a tool for early detection of water stress: Insights into its use for establishing irrigation calendars in potato”

David A. RamirezInternational Potato Center (CIP). Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement-Crop Management Division • Av. La Molina 1895. La Molina. Lima 12. PeruCorresponding author’s email: [email protected]

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018


PROBLEM

- Higher food requirement More water

- More water restriction driven by Global Warming

“We will must feed more people in the future (9 billions predicted for 2050), we will require between 2.5 to 3 times more water (10-13 trillions m3 for 2050)” (Lal, 2013)

> droughts

> flooding

IPCC (2014)

“FAO highlights that 25% of reduction in food

production will be caused by extreme events”


- There is a high water waste caused by bad water management practices

Eg. In Peru we grow rice in the desert !!

IT IS IMPORTANT: - Implementation of more efficient irrigation techniques

- Precision agriculture based on low cost sensors- To improve water restriction response in crops

- Optimization of irrigation schedules

- Soil water status is the most common way to define our irrigation schedules !

TENSIOMETERS

Soil watermoisture


We don’t know about the role of deep roots contribution in plant

water status !

~ 80 cm


Stomatal conductance as key indicator to establish water status in plants


Annals of Botany 89:895-905, 2002

Stomatal conductance as key indicator to establish water status in plants


1) To compare stomatal conductance behavior during the day with indexes based on infrared thermometry

Scaling up, from leaf to canopyStomatal Conductance

Infrared Thermography

AIMS


Cro

p W

ate

r St

ress

Ind

ex

Stomatal Conductance (mol H2O m-2 s-1)

Irrigation thresholdSeverity threshold

2) To assess infrared thermometry as a tool for early stress detection with irrigation purposes

AIMS



AIM

Potted trial at Lima – CIP Experimental Station

Control: Field Capacity

Water restriction:50% of Field Capacity



AIM

Hourly measurements (7:00 to 18:00 h)

Maximum stomatal conductance(gs_max)

Portable Photosynthesis System (LI 6400XT – LICOR)

Leaf temperature(Th)

Mini Infrared Thermometer

dT = Th – Tatmosphere


Average values of maximum,

light-saturated stomatal

conductance (gs_max) and leaf

minus air temperature (dT)

along the day during the

assessments corresponding

to 28, 42, 55 and 62 days

after planting.

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

d)

n.s.n.s.

**

n.s.

n.s.n.s.

dT

(°C

)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

gs_

max (

mo

l H

2O

m-2

s-1

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5a)

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

dT

(°C

)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6b)

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

gs_

max (

mo

l H

2O

m-2

s-1

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

e)

n.s.*

n.s.

n.s. * n.s.

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

c)

gs_

max (

mo

l H

2O

m-2

s-1

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

n.s.*

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

f)

dT

(°C

)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

**

**

** ** n.s.

n.s.

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

g)

Time

gs_

max (

mo

l H

2O

m-2

s-1

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

n.s.***

n.s.

* n.s.

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

Time

dT

(°C

)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

* n.s. n.s.

n.s. **

**

h)

AIM 1) To compare stomatal conductance behavior during the day with indexes based on infrared thermometry

28

42

55

62

Abrupt fall of stomatal

conductance moment

Water restrictedControl


06 09 12 15 18

Rs

(W m

-2)

0

200

400

600

06 09 12 15 18 06 09 12 15 18 06 09 12 15 18

28 42 55 62

DDS

06 09 12 15 18

VP

D (

kP

a)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

06 09 12 15 18 06 09 12 15 18 06 09 12 15 18

Potato showed a high stomatal closure sensitivity during the day

Stomatal conductanceTranspirationTemperature

DAYS AFTER PLANTING

Stomatal conductanceTranspirationTemperature

VPD = vapor pressure deficit

Rs = Global Radiation


The high stomatal closure sensitivity promotes positive and high dT values in potato

VPD (kPa)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

dT

(°C

)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

y = 5.77 x - 0.09

R2 = 0.62, p < 0.001

y = 2.30 x - 0.64

R2 = 0.24, p < 0.05

Our result

Water restrictedControl

Baseline in other crops


AIM 2) To assess infrared thermometry as a tool for early stress detection with irrigation purposes

Field trial at Lima – CIP Experimental Station

Irrigation timing based on gs_max threshold values

T1 : Control T2 : 0.15 mol H2O m-2 s-1

T3 : 0.05 mol H2O m-2 s-1


Crop Water Stress Index(CWSI)

Twet: Wet temperature (humid reference surface)

Tdry: Dry temperature (+13°C of air temperature)

AIM 2) To assess infrared thermometry as a tool for early stress detection with irrigation purposes

Infrared thermal camera (FLIR- E60 Model)


gs_max (mol H2O m-2 s-1)

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50C

WSI

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

y = 0.744 - 0.809x

R2

= 0.82, p < 0.001

a)

y = 1.549 - 0.067x

R2 = 0.55, p < 0.01

b)

tuber ( ‰ )14 15 16 17

CW

SI

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

DTB (Mg/ha)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

CW

SI

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

y = 0.721 - 0.120 x

R2 = 0.82, p < 0.001

c)

Maximum light saturated

stomatal conductance (gs_max,

a), carbon isotope

discrimination of tubers

(Δtuber, b) and dry tuber

biomass (DTB, c).

CWSI showed good correlation with water status descriptors in potato


DT

B (

Mg/h

a)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

C T1 T2

a

b

c

Average dry tuber biomass (± standard error) comparing control (C), and two irrigation

treatments watered when the average value of maximum light saturated stomatal ≤ 0.15 (T1)

and 0.05 (T2) mol H2O m-2 s-1 respectively. Different letters mean significant differences (at

p < 0.05) detected by one-way ANOVA.

Potato irrigation timing is recommended at > 0.3 mol H2O m-2 s-1 of gs_max (< 0.4 CWSI)


CONCLUSIONS

- Potato shows high stomatal sensitiveness to atmospheric conditions

- Infrared radiometry must be taken around 14:00 hours during the day

- Threshold gs_max values > 0.15 mol H2O m-2 s-1 are recommended to warrant an optimum potato yield

- CWSI threshold values < 0.3- 0.4 for irrigation


Acknowledgement

The financial support was provided by Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria (PNIA)

with the Project N˚: 016-2015-INIA-PNIA/UPMSI/IE “Uso efectivo del agua en el cultivo

de papa en zonas áridas: Mejorando el manejo del riego mediante el monitoreo del

estatus hídrico para enfrentar al Cambio Climático”.

Infrared radiometry as a tool for - Amazon Web Services€¦ · - Potato shows high stomatal sensitiveness to atmospheric conditions - Infrared radiometry must be taken around 14:00

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