UNIT I
Nov 02, 2014
1.1 NEED FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR BUSINESS
Information System Definition : Information System is a group of connected
components Input data Process data Output data Feed backWhich are dependent on each other.
Example : ATM’s Reservation Systems.
NEED FOR ISFast and Accurate Transaction ProcessingStorage with Large-capacity and Fast
access.Fast communications.Competitive WeaponsSupport for Decision –makingReduction in Information OverloadCross Divisional Abilities
1.2 BUSINESS IN THE INFORMATION AGE
These various trends put a lot of pressure on the companies. Different Pressures the company has to deal with are,Global competition for trade and Labor.Necessity of real time operations.Rapidly changing workforce.Customer orientationTechnology InnovationOverload of InformationSocial responsibilityEthical issues.
CUSTOMER ORIENTATIONCustomer satisfaction involves giving
complete information to the customers such as..
1. Cost of a Product 2. Lifetime of a Product3. Various feature of the Product etc.
Different companies must keep updating their website regularly with new information about their products.
ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSES1. Strategic Systems2. Business Process Re-engineering(BPR)3. E-Commerce4. Business Alliances5. Continuous improvement efforts.
STRATEGIC SYSTEMS - CHARACTERISTSADHOCNESSUNEXPECTEDNESSPREDICTIVENESSSUMMARYNESSEXTERNAL SOURCEUNSTRUCTUREDSUBJECTIVENESS
Accounting / Finance
Marketing Production Human Resources
TACTICAL:
Budgeting Sales Management
Materials RequirementsPlanning
Job analysis and design
Cash Management
Advertising and Promotion
Just in time Recruiting
Capital Budgeting Pricing Capacity Planning
Compensation and benefits
Investment Management
Distribution Channel
Production Scheduling
Succession Planning
Competitive Tracking
Product design and Development
Manufacturing Resource Planning
Computer Integrated manufacturing
STRATEGIC:
Financial Condition Analysis
Sales forecasting Site Planning Selection
Workforce planning
Long – term forecasting
Market research Technology Planning and Assessment
Labor Negotiations
Product planning and development
Process Postioning
BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING(BPR)
Re-engineering has impact on,1. Job design2. Organisational Structure3. Career Path4. Work Standards5. Management Style6. Training and7. People needed.
E-COMMERCEE-Commerce applications are built on the
existing technology infrastructure that is myriad of computers, communications networks and communication software forming the information superhighway.
The uses of each of the building blocks in the infrastructure arei. Common business servicesii. Messaging and information distributioniii. Multimedia Content and Network publishingiv. The information Superhighway
BUSINESS ALLIANCESDifferent forms of business alliances are,
a) Transmission of resources properly.
b) Reliable relationship between customer and supplier.
These alliances are obtained by the following processes.
i. Supply chain management
ii. Enterprise resource planning
CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT EFFORTSVarious Efforts of Improvement are,
Just – In – Time (JIT)Total Quality Management (TQM)
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT(TQM)Global
competition For trade and
Labor
Necessity for real time
operations
Customer orientatio
n Technolo
gy innovatio
n
Overload of information
Social responsibility
Rapidly changing workforce
Ethical issues
Business Pressures
Business Pressures
Business Alliance
Necessity for real time operations
Rapidly changing workforce
Continuous improvement
efforts
Business Process Reengineering
(BPR)
INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONCEPTSInformation System
Information is the processed form of a data.Types of Information SystemsOperationalTactical Strategic Planning Systems
Components of Information SystemsHardwareSoftwarePeopleData StorageProcedures
COMPUTER BASED IS (CBIS)CBIS: An Information System that utilizes the
computer and telecommunication technology to accomplish its tasks is called CBIS.
Components:1. Hardware2. Software3. Database4. Network5. Procedure6. People
Importance of CBISFacilitates support organization by fulfilling
information needs of organizations workforce.The purpose of CBIS :
Long term benefitStrategic planning to stand against its competitors
It allows alteration of the structure of the organization and improve existing ones
CBIS capture , transform and distribute information.
It also improves decision makingPerformanceIncrease profitability
CS Vs CBISA Computer System is an
electronic system that takes input, processes the input and generates output-self in the specified form.
It can do calculation a a much greater speed than human beings.
Moreover, It can store data temporarily as well as permanently.
CBIS is a special type of IS that is partially or completely computerized.
Some IS take data while others may take information from other IS’s.
However, CBIS takes only data as input.
Generally CBIS is interchangeably used with IS.
Categories of ISDepending upon the level of support provided while executing the operations of different levels of an organization the following categories evolved.
1. Operation Support System
2. Management Support System
Operation Support System OSS closely monitors the on-going
transactions with the organizations.
OSS mainly required for performing low level operations. It provides support to the organization by keeping track of information regarding activities, which are performed on daily basis.
1. Transaction Processing System
2. Office Automation System
Management Support System MSS is used by tactical level managers as
well as strategic level managers.
Its main objective is to Provide information and support, which is required by managers in performing decision –making process.
1. Management Information System
2. Decision Support System
3. Executive Information System