%Information Technology

Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing andtelecommunications.[1] The term in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)."[2]

Contents

 [hide]

1 General information

2 See also

3 References

4 Further reading

5 External links

[edit]General information

Information and communication technology spending in 2005

IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help

execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.

IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventionalpersonal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.

In the recent past, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards[3] for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared[4] to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education)[5] is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009.[6]

Importance of IT in textile industries

The use of Information Technology in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the

companies and many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in various forms,

affirms Arindam Basu.

Some years back the textile and garment industry used to be single most

export earner for India, now Information Technology (IT) and Information

Technology Enabled Services (ITES) companies have taken that place

pushing textiles to number two. In the world, India is known for both

these industries. The combination of these two can create synergy, if

properly used. The application of IT in textile and garment industry can

help them in improving the overall performance. In country like India it is

very important that textile industry remain strong and grow continuously

as it is the provider of highest jobs after agriculture. 

Many big textile units have already adopted IT in their companies in

various forms. They use machineries with latest technology available in

the world and these machines utilise IT in many areas such as production

monitoring, quality monitoring and control, etc. Also, these companies

are using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in various levels. Major

reasons for companies opting for ERP are:

Ø It integrates financial information. 

Ø It integrates customer order information. 

Ø It standardises and speed up manufacturing processes. 

Ø It standardises Human Resources Information. 

Ø It helps in increasing productivity and quality levels.

In simple terms an ERP system organises all the information of a

company into one centralised system. In India a large number of textile

and garment companies are small in size and falls under SME sector. Due

to their size and facilities available the decentralised and small

companies confront five major challenges. These are:

*Adapting to changes in the multilateral trading system (price

deterioration and the need to cut cost). *Reviewing internal business

processes to confront from market forces. 

*Understanding and adapting to retailer's business requirements (full package system). 

*Fast and frequent responses to product orders from retailers (quick response and lean retailing.  

*Development of strategic alliances with retailers including the exchange and management of

information based on a relationship of trust.

In order to meet these changes, manufacturers will need to communicate intensively with retailers

and implement the necessary communications network, which are usually supplied by retailers. 

Though some companies are utilising IT in considerable amount the penetration of IT in Indian

textiles and garment industries are much below its potential. Recently a study has been conducted

by SITRA in which information has been collected from 168 small and medium textile and garment

companies (SMEs) regarding the usage of IT. The studies cover spinning units from Coimbatore,

Madurai, Weaving units from Coimbatore and its surrounding areas, knitting units from Tirupur,

Chemical processing units from Ahmedabad and Garment units from Delhi (woven) and Tirupur

(knitted). 

The areas where IT is being utilised have been classified into different groups and usages by the

small and medium textile and garment factories have been shown in Figures 1 to 5.  

It can be seen from the Figures that areas where IT is being popular utilised are costing, raw

material, production and quality control. Integration of all the functions is rarely used in these units.

In spinning units around 75% use IT packages for costing, financial management and attendance,

66% use IT for production monitoring and control, around 54% for raw material management and

around 51% for HRD functions (Figure 1). For weaving units, the percentage of IT usages is less

compared to spinning units, as most of the units are smaller in size. In this around 57% units use IT

for production monitoring (Figure 2). Chemical process houses show majority use of IT for raw

material management. For these units variability and number of raw materials are much higher as

compared to other units hence the preference. 62% of these units utilise IT for costing and financial

management (Figure 3). In composite units more than 85% utilise IT for costing and financial

management and 82% for production monitoring and control (Figure 4). 

There is a feeling amongst the SMEs that the ERP packages supplied by the international companies

are very expensive hence they cannot utilise those. The interactions with the Indian software

developers reveal that many companies presently are offering textile industry oriented ERP

packages at cheaper rate as compared to multinational ERP packages. Secondly the downward

movement of cost of hardware items has made the application more affordable. In order to

effectively implement the technology, it is important to understand the potential benefits and the

costs. The primary benefit is that buyers are requiring automated order entry and status, and

companies that are unable to provide this information will be a significant disadvantage. This

phenomenon is sometimes known as the 'Digital divide', a differentiator between those who have

access to advance computing and telecommunication technologies and those who do not. When

suppliers and vendors can communicate around the world, in real time, then work-in-progress (WIP)

times are reduced considerably. 

A schematic flow diagram of ERP packages for spinning industry is shown in Figure 6, in which most

of the functions are linked by the system. A typical spinning ERP system will contain the following

modules:

Ø Financial accounting 

Ø Production planning 

Ø Material management 

Ø Plant maintenance Ø Quality management 

Ø Domestic and export sales 

Ø Human resources management 

Ø Inventory - Raw material, stores, finished goods

The typical user distribution in a spinning mill is shown in Figure 7.

It can be seen from the Figure that all the functions are integrated

by the ERP system. 

Before implementing ERP the unit should consider the following:

Ø Have a clear understanding of the functionalities in the business

before moving to proposal stage.

Ø Involve top management in every stage of ERP implementation.

Ø Re-engineer the business process.

Ø Plan to go step-by-step approach (modular integration) rather than going in for all at a time - this

helps the employees to learn and adopt the new process and practice.

To make the ERP implementation successful the involvement and

commitment from top management is essential. It is very

important to select a right team, in terms of Steering Committee

and Core Committee. IT team should be a part of the core team.

Also, proper training has to be provided to users at all levels. 

Most apparel maker's supply chains now span the globe with many

hands touching the garment before it reaches the consumer. But,

along the way the complexity of coordinating the product definition

and managing the communications, avoiding miscommunications, across multiple companies is an

immense challenge. If information is not 100% accurate, products fail to meet customer

expectations, or arrive too late for the intended season, this can result in deep markdowns to

liquidate the inventory before the next season of products arrive. 

Case Study 1 

Recently, we had the opportunity of seeing the application of IT in a few garment industries in

Taiwan and Hong Kong. A company at Taiwan (AB) has a design development centre and a small

garment factory at Taiwan. The company has several garment factories at main land China,

Vietnam, Lesotho, etc. The sales and financial deals are conducted at Taiwan. When a customer

comes in he is being taken to design development centre. The customer is shown the designs for his

desired product on computer screen and after short listing the

same, he is taken to the fabric bank where 900 - 1000 different

varieties of fabrics with product details are stored. 

Once the customer zero-in to his desired fabric a real sample is

produced and given to him within an hour. If the customer finalises

the order, by inter-net the message goes to fabric source, yarn

source in one direction and allotment of lots is planned for garment

manufacturing in other direction. The software developed by the

company personnel chooses the factory using linear programme for optimum cost and quality. At

any given time the status of a lot can be monitored on the screen by Internet connection.  

Application of Information Technology has made this Taiwan office a virtual factory where quality

details, status of the products and all other related factors can be seen, though they are produced at

other parts of the world. Fig 8 and 9 show a typical case of vertical integration and information flow.

Thus, they are availing low cost production, still maintaining the quality by strongly monitoring

supply chain and product quality sitting at Taiwan. 

Case Study 2 

Company CD is a global clothing manufacturer in Taiwan with factories in Bangladesh, Cambodia,

China, El Salvador, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It tackles the following

processes electronically: Order management, procurement, manufacturing, shop floor, shipping,

finance and human resources. E-business has helped to facilitate the work of efficient collaboration

in the competitive global environment; and the company uses both Gerber WebPDM and Oracle ERP

to facilitate this work. On the collaborative front, it requires it suppliers to use B2B applications for

processing purchase orders and shipment documentation. Using these systems the company CD is

able serve customers such as Carter, Express, Federated, The Gap, JC Penny, Kmart, Kohl's, May,

Sears and Target. At CD the process starts with an inquiry from a buyer in the United States or

Europe. Salespeople meet with customers for the prototype, and the merchandisers obtain historical

information from similar specifications, fabric and accessories. This generates the skeleton of the

prototype order. The information is communicated to the CAD room (where patterns are produced

using the CAD system) and historical pattern data is retrieved from the database for quick pattern

alterations and development. The measurement specifications are

then cross-referenced, and the patterns and markers are modified

according to the customer fit specifications. The sales samples are

then generated. 

The system used by CD enables various departments and buyers

to share and update information via the Internet at the same time.

The entire process takes place in parallel, which improves

communication efficiency for all parties, including overseas

manufacturing units. The various departments involved include

sales, merchandising, purchasing, production, technical design, design, the CAD room and the

cutting room. If, for example, the merchandising personnel change the measurement of a sample,

then the details of the change are made available to everyone who needs to know. 

This process saves prototype development costs and improves the success-to-failure ratio for

sample development. In other words, the product development cycle and sample turnover are more

rapid than that of the competitors using conventional method. The system includes multimedia

capability (such as the ability to view and search for image files or video) to enhance the quality of

communication. The integration of both systems allows a single input to serve two systems (clothing

specification and ERP) along with other business modules. The measurement approval and sample-

making system greatly reduces the product lead-time and procedures in specification approval.

Integrated 3D bill of materials overcomes the problems of time-consuming material calculations and

complicated BOM structure. This reduces the cycle time for sourcing and purchasing clothing

accessories. 

During implementation of this system this company arranged for vigorous training programme for

staff and workmen of all levels. Initially there was some resistance from the workmen such as

stitching machine operators, as they had to change their system of working (introduction of bar code

for each lot and reading those cards by using bar code readers after completion of each lot). After

training programme similar problems could be eliminated. This company became No: 1 in revenue

ranking within three years of implementation of this system from No: 20. 

The above examples can be considered as application of IT at highest level. In India, utilising the

strength of Indian software companies, the textile industry can improve their performance

considerably. 

SITRA has developed various products, which mainly help in accumulation of data from the

machines; control waste; improve efficiency and reduce power consumption. SITRA Ener Infosys, an

Energy information system, collects information on power consumption of individual machines

directly and the software analyses the same in a centralised system. SITRA Comber Intelligent

Monitor (CIM) provides detail about production, breakages on combers and helps the operator

identify the head where the sliver is broken thereby increases the efficiency. SITRA Draw-frame Auto

leveler helps in improving the quality of yarn as well as provides all production and quality details.

SITRA Fleximark is the garment pattern making software, which helps in reducing fabric waste. 

Also, SITRA has developed software for productivity calculation and bench marking namely SITRA

MaxProd. Presently it is working on development of costing software for spinning industry. 

Indian textile and garment companies have a great future provided they equip themselves with

latest technology machineries and good communication systems. The use of Information Technology

in maximum possible ways can enhance the performance of the companies. A time will come when

the companies with poor communication system will find difficult to survive in the highly competitive

field. 

Important information on the Communication and IT Sector

Ministry

Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

Departments

Department of Information Technology (DIT)

Department of Posts

Department of Telecommunications (DOT)

Attached Offices

National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Standardisation, Testing and Quality Cerification (STQC)

Autonomous Bodies

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)

Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)

Centre for Liquid Crystal Research (CLCR)

Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET)

Education and Research Network (ERNET)

Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council (ESC)

MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC)

Society for Applied Microwave Electronic Engineering and Research (SAMEER)

Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)

PSUs and Joint Ventures

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI)

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)

Media Lab Asia

National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI)

National Institute for Smart Government (NISG)

Semiconductor Complex Limited (SCL)

Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL)

Divisions/Units/Wings/Branches...

Advanced Level Telecommunication Training Centre (ALTTC)

Agriculture Marketing Information System Network (AGMARKNET)

Andaman and Nicobar Telecom Circle

Andhra Pradesh Telecom Circle

Ara Telecom District

Assam Telecom Circle

Bangalore Telecom District

Bhagalpur Telecom District

Bharat Ratna Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training (BRBRAITT)

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) Portal

Bihar Telecom Circle

Chandigarh Telecom District

Chapra Telecom District

Chennai Telephones

Chhattisgarh Telecom Circle

Civil Wing, BSNL

Coimbatore Postal Region

Community Information Centre (CIC)

Community Information Centre (CIC), Achabal, Anantnag

Community Information Centre (CIC), Anini, Dibang Valley

Community Information Centre (CIC), Arunachal Pradesh

Community Information Centre (CIC), Assam Lingzey, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Bameng, East Kameng

Community Information Centre (CIC), Bandipora, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Baramulla, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Bordumsa-Diyum, Changlang

Community Information Centre (CIC), Budgam, Budgam

Community Information Centre (CIC), Chambang, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Chayang-Tajo, East Kameng

Community Information Centre (CIC), Damin, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Duga, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Gangtok, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Hawai, Lohit

Community Information Centre (CIC), Hayuliang, Lohit

Community Information Centre (CIC), Hunli-Kronli, Dibang Valley

Community Information Centre (CIC), Jammu and Kashmir

Community Information Centre (CIC), Khag, Budgam

Community Information Centre (CIC), Khagam, Changlang

Community Information Centre (CIC), Khan Sahib, Budgam

Community Information Centre (CIC), Khoveri Pora, Anantnag

Community Information Centre (CIC), Koloriang, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Kulgam, Anantnag

Community Information Centre (CIC), Mebo, East Siang

Community Information Centre (CIC), Nagam, Budgam

Community Information Centre (CIC), Namsai, Lohit

Community Information Centre (CIC), Nyapin, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pacheykhani, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakke Kessang, East Kameng

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pakyong, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Palin, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pampor, Pulwama

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pangin, East Siang

Community Information Centre (CIC), Pasighat, East Siang

Community Information Centre (CIC), Penlong, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Quamoh, Anantnag

Community Information Centre (CIC), Raga, Lower Subansiri

Community Information Centre (CIC), Rhenock, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Rohama, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Roing, Dibang Valley

Community Information Centre (CIC), Rongli, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Rumtek, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Samdong, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Sang, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Segalee, Papum Pare

Community Information Centre (CIC), Seppa, East Kameng

Community Information Centre (CIC), Shahabad, Anantnag

Community Information Centre (CIC), Shopian, Pulwama

Community Information Centre (CIC), Sichey Busty, East Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Sikkim

Community Information Centre (CIC), Sopore, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Tali, Kurung Kumey

Community Information Centre (CIC), Tangmarg, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Tezu, Lohit

Community Information Centre (CIC), Tral, Pulwama

Community Information Centre (CIC), Uri, Baramulla

Community Information Centre (CIC), Wakro, Lohit

Community Information Centre (CIC), Yupia, Papum Pare

Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-1, Lower Subansiri

Community Information Centre (CIC), Ziro-2, Lower Subansiri

Community Information Centre(CIC), Drishya, North Eastern Sikkim

Community Information Centres (CIC), Manipur

Community Software Solution Framework (eNRICH)

Computer Aided Design (CAD) Services

Customer Care Portal, MTNL Delhi

Darbhanga Telecom

Data Network Circle, BSNL

Districts of India Portal

Eastern Telecom Project Circle

Eastern Telecom Region

Electrical Wing, BSNL

Electronic Payment Confirmation System (EPCS), MTNL

Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Chennai

Electronics Test and Development Centre (ETDC), Goa

Gaya Telecom District

Geographical Information System (GIS) for Tamil Nadu

Goa State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Goa Telecom District

Government Tenders Portal

Gujarat Telecom Circle

Gwalior Telecom

Hajipur Telephones

Haryana Telecom Circle

Himachal Pradesh Telecom Circle

ICT in the Hands of the Poor

Indian Customs Electronic Data Interchange System (ICES)

Indian Medlars Centre (INDMED)

Informatics - NIC Newsletter

Internet Data Centres (IDC), National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Jammu and Kashmir State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Jammu and Kashmir Telecom Circle

Jharkhand Telecom Circle

Karnataka Telecom Circle

Katihar Telecom District

Kerala State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Kerala Telecom Circle

Khagaria Telecom District

Kolkata Telephones

Lakshadweep UT Unit, National Informatics Centre

Madhya Pradesh State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Delhi

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL), Mumbai

Maharashtra Postal Circle

Maharashtra Telecom Circle

Mathematical Modelling and Simulation Division

Mizoram Postal Division

Mysore Telecom District

National Academy of Telecom Finance and Management (NATFM)

NIC Kerala News

North East Postal Circle

North East-I Telecom Circle

North East-II Telecom Circle

Northern Telecom Project Circle

Northern Telecom Region

Online Bill Payment Portal, MTNL

Online Indian Trade Resource (TradeNIC)

Online Recruitment Form, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Orissa Telecom Circle

Patent Information Services

Postal Training Centre, Madurai

Postal Training Centre, Mysore

Punjab Telecom Circle

Railway Electrification Project Circle (REPC)

Rajasthan Telecom Circle

Rural Bazar

Rural Informatics Portal

Salem Telecom District

Smart Village Project

Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Chennai

South Karnataka Postal Region, Bangalore

Southern Telecom Project Circle

Southern Telecom Region

Srinagar Telecom

Tamil Nadu Postal Circle

Tamil Nadu State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle

Technical and Development Circle, BSNL

Telecom Electrical Wing, BSNL

Telecom Factory, Jabalpur, BSNL

Telecom Factory, Kolkata, BSNL

Telecom Factory, Mumbai, BSNL

Telecom Factory, Richhai, BSNL

Telecom Quality Assurance Circle

Telecom Stores, Kolkata BSNL

Training Division, NIC

Tripura Postal Services

Tripura Telecom

Uttar Pradesh (East) Telecom Circle

Uttar Pradesh (West) Telecom Circle

Uttaranchal State Unit, National Informatics Centre (NIC)

Uttaranchal Telecom Circle

Video Conferencing Services

Water Resources Informatics Division, NIC

Web Services and Multimedia Applications Division, NIC

West Bengal Telecom Circle

Western Telecom Region

Others

Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA)

Controller of Communication Accounts, Haryana

Controller of Communication Accounts, Jharkhand

Controller of Communication Accounts, Madhya Pradesh Circle

Controller of Communication Accounts, Maharashtra Circle

Controller of Communication Accounts, Orissa

Controller of Communication Accounts, Tamil Nadu Circle

District Information System of National Informatics Centre (DISNIC)

Electronics and Information Technology Exposition (ELITEX), 2007

GOV.IN Domain Registration Process

Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)

Indian Government Portal

Indian Sources

Joint Controller of Communication Accounts, Chhattisgarh

MCIT Library Consortium

National Centre for Electronic Switching (NCES)

National Internet eXchange of India (NIXI)

Resource Centre for Digital Rights Management

Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL)

Working Group on Information Technology for Masses

Z

There are actually 234 listed IT companies but I chose to publish only the top 200. The combined market cap of the top 200 IT companies is 253499 crores as of APR 23 2009.

Infosys topped the list in terms of the market cap though TCS tops the revenues list. Wipro and HCL followed the list. iFlex which is renamed to Oracle FinancialServices is 5th in the list with a market cap of 7566 crores.

Tech Mahindra has a market cap of 4049 crores and Satyam has a market cap of 3184 crores. Together they have a market cap of 7233 crores. This is around 300 crores less than Oracle Financial Services. The integrated company of Tech Mahindra + Satyam stands at 6th position.In all probability that will move further up as the financial situation of Satyam looks better than what the papers tell. Of the top 10 Indian IT stocks only Satyam is the most volatile stock and it can gain few percentage points and change the whole equation. (source)Top 200 IT companies in India by Market Cap :S.N

o CompaniesMarket Cap in

Crores1 Infosys Tech 83024.212 Tata Consult 55579.593 Wipro 45845.614 HCL Techno. 8580.785 Oracle Finl. 7566.756 Mphasis 4741.767 Educomp Solu 4485.728 Tech Mahindr 4049.969 Sterling Int 3495.0310 Satyam Comp 3184.1811 Finan.Techno 3076.6912 Patni Comp. 1967.6213 HCL Infosys. 1597.6914 Tulip Telec. 1393.0215 Rolta (I) 1334.1116 Moser-Baer 1084.6917 Redington 1013.4818 MindTree 935.1819 Core Project 900.8820 Cambridge So 798.5221 Firstsource 727.9222 CMC 720.4623 Geodesic 691.524 Polaris Soft 651.6525 Infotech En. 607.1426 Cranes Soft. 561.2127 3i Infotech 547.1528 ICSA (I) 538.2829 Tanla Solut. 53330 Vishal Infor 501.9631 Allied Digital 484.35

32Hexaware

Technologies 467.42

33 Aptech 447.9134 NIIT 443.1835 Mastek 410.4936 NIIT Tech. 387.9137 Glodyne Tech 373.9638 Take Sol. 343.239 Tata Elxsi 326.3540 eClerx Serv. 319.6541 Bartronics 305.0142 KPIT Cum.Inf 295.0543 Hinduja Vent 283.5544 HTMT Global 277.3945 MIC Electron 272.2646 Zenith Info. 246.747 Everonn Syst 246.1548 Zensar Tech. 242.7149 Zylog System 231.3750 Sonata Soft. 223.0251 GSS America 203.9652 Sasken Comm. 199.2653 Nucleus Soft 198.9154 Aztecsoft 196.755 Northgate Te 159.5256 Accentia Tec 143.5157 KLG Systel 138.8858 Mascon Globl 133.5259 Aurion.Sol. 128.7660 D-Link (I) 127.861 Geometric 117.7762 Micro Tech 107.0263 Tele Data In 103.1664 Subex 102.9565 IOL Netcom 99.7666 Net 4 99.7567 Octant Inter 98.7268 Zen Tech. 98.0769 Genesys Intl 96.2370 LGS Global 94.8271 Aftek 92.172 Prithvi Info 90.6773 Megasoft 88.5474 Info-Drive S 87.7275 Parle Softwr 87.4376 Jetking Info 87.0377 Ramco System 83.8

78 IKF Technolo 82.3479 Omnitech Inf 81.9980 R Systems In 81.8481 Kernex Micro 80.6382 Spice Mobile 79.7483 Vakrangee Sf 78.1184 Datamatics 77.0885 Tricom India 67.6986 Four Soft 62.387 Logix Micro. 61.4688 Spanco 59.5889 Helios & Mat 55.5890 Softsol (I) 54.8991 Religare TG 53.7892 Blue Star In 52.593 Sparsh BPO S 49.594 Spel Semicon 46.7595 IT People 44.6796 Allsec Tech. 44.1797 Tera Softwar 43.9198 Mro-Tek 41.6699 Compucom Sof 40.69

100 Kale Consul. 39.93101 FCS Software 39.68102 HOV Services 39.16103 Dhanus Tech 35.61104 Indo Pac.Sof 35.38105 Tutis Tech 34.42106 South. Onlin 34.31107 Ajel Infotec 32.63108 Silverline T 31.15109 Moschip Semi 30.28110 Goldstn.Tech 30.01111 TVS Electron 29.92112 Nagreeka Cap 29.59113 Zenith Comp. 27.88114 Cambridge Tc 27.37115 Edserve Soft 27.26116 Trigyn Tech. 27.23117 Axis IT & T 25.35118 Sanraa Media 23.92119 Cybertech Sy 23.9120 Californ.Sof 23.56121 Maars Soft 23.48122 PCS Tech. 22.53

123 Kaashyap Tec 22.26124 Intense Tech 21.47125 Avantel Soft 20.6126 Maestros Med 20.57127 SQL Star Int 20.21128 ABM Knowledg 20129 Brels Info. 19.26130 Mindteck 19.01131 Sankhya Info 17.98132 Compuage Inf 17.3133 ASM Tech. 17.23134 Visesh Info 17.2135 Pan (I) Corp 17.14136 Melstar Info 17.06137 ORG Informat 16.57138 Quintegra So 16.57139 Visu Intnl. 16.33140 Onward Techn 16.31141 Intelvisions 16.31142 Cerebra Inte 14.96143 VJIL Consult 14.93144 Pentasoft Te 14.61145 Powersoft Gl 14.15146 Firstobject 13.85147 Virinchi Tec 13148 Cat Technol. 12.88149 Compulink Sy 12.44150 Accel Trans 12.43151 IEC Educat. 12.31152 Triton Corp 12.19153 Luminaire Te 12.12154 Cybermate In 11.07155 RS Software 10.93156 Interworld D 10.91157 Silverline A 10.65158 Usha Mar.Inf 10.52159 Ranklin Sol. 10.41160 S Kumars Onl 9.6161 Lee&Nee Soft 9.09162 Shreejal Inf 8.63163 Zigma Soft. 8.54164 Birla Shloka 8.32165 TeleCanor Gl 8.2166 Sark Systems 8.08167 Vama Inds. 7.92

168 BITS 7.61169 Software Tec 7.59170 VXL Instrum. 7.56171 Crazy Infote 7.55172 Allied Comp. 7.41173 Solix Tech. 7.36174 Computech In 7.26175 Ram Informat 7.01176 Saarc Net 6.89177 CSS Techn. 6.67178 Dynacons Sys 6.66179 Comp-U-Learn 6.36180 ACE Software 6.13181 Platinum Cor 5.89182 Nexxoft Info 5.82183 Sylph Tech. 5.79184 Contech Soft 5.78185 Cressanda So 5.73186 Ontrack Syst 5.72187 Valuemart In 5.61188 Infotrek Sys 5.33189 Odyssey Tech 4.89190 Advent Comp. 4.88191 Kashyap Tele 4.77192 Kushagra Sof 4.72193 CG Vak Soft. 4.55194 Prithvi Soft 4.5195 Twinstar Sof 4.5196 Libord Info 4.4197 Computer Pnt 4.34198 Chakkilam In 4.3199 Svam Softwar 4.05200 T Spiritual 3.84

Information technology in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about IT in India. For an overview of modern science and technology in India,

see Science and technology in the Republic of India. Also see Communications in India for

further information.

The Indian Information Technology industry accounts for a 5.19% of the

country's GDP and export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant

number of its tertiary sectorworkforce. More than 2.5 million people are employed in the

sector either directly or indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a

mainstay of the national economy. In 2010-11, annual revenues from IT-BPO sector is

estimated to have grown over US$76 billion compared to China with $35.76 billion

and Philippines with $8.85 billion.[1] India's outsourcing industry is expected to increase to

US$225 billion by 2020. The most prominent IT hub is Bangalore. The other emerging

destinations

are Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Kolkata, Kochi, Pune, Mumbai, Ahmedabad , NCR.

Technically proficient immigrants from India sought jobs in the western world from the

1950s onwards as India's education system produced more engineers than its industry

could absorb. India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties

with both the United States of America and the European Union. However, the recent global

financial crises has deeply impacted the Indian IT companies as well as global companies.

As a result hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like

the financial service, telecommunications, and manufacturing industries, which have been

growing phenomenally over the last few years.[2]

India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata

Group in partnership with Burroughs.[3] The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up

here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT park. More than 80 percent of

the country's software exports happened out of SEEPZ, Mumbai in 80s.[4]

Each year India produces roughly 500,000 engineers in the country,[5][6] out of them only

25% to 30%[7] possessed both technical competency and English language skills, although

12% of India's population can speak in English.[8] India developed a number of outsourcing

companies specializing in customer support via Internet or telephone connections. By 2009,

India also has a total of 37,160,000 telephone lines in use,[9] a total of 506,040,000 mobile

phone connections,[10] a total of 81,000,000 Internet users—comprising 7.0% of the

country's population,[11] and 7,570,000 people in the country have access to broadband

Internet— making it the 12th largest country in the world in terms of broadband Internet

users.[12] Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached 543.20 million as of November,

2009.[13]

Contents

[hide]

1 Formative years (till 1991)

2 1991–2001

o 2.1 2001–present

o 2.2 Health issues among Young labor force

o 2.3 Top 10 IT Hubs in India

o 2.4 See also

o 2.5 References

o 2.6 Further reading

o 2.7 External links

[edit]Formative years (till 1991)

The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which

were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy

Services—established inSEEPZ, Mumbai[3] by the Tata Group—were the country's largest

software producers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal

Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was

able to build a large scientific workforce, third in numbers only to that of the United States of

America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul

Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal.

Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were

conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the

chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar.

Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of

skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were

estimated to have settled in the US. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were

seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages

to retain their experienced staff. In the Encyclopedia of India, Kamdar (2006) reports on the

role of Indian immigrants (1980 - early 1990s) in promoting technology-driven growth:

The United States’ technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of brilliant immigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of thousands of highly trained Indian migrants in every area of American scientific and technological achievement culminated with the information technology revolution most associated with California’s Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.[14]

The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of The

Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980 the

country's Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer

Systems and Wipro had become visible. The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had

convinced both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhithat electronics and

telecommunications were vital to India's growth and development. MTNL underwent

technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon

the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to

serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for India's National Informatics

Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).

[edit]1991–2001

Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to

relax regulations on linking in 1991:

In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991,

the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale

in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.

The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era

of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6%

annually was seen between 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by

significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari

Vajpayee—which placed the development of Information Technology among its top five

priorities— formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software

Development.

Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on

Information Technology and Software Development:

Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it

proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.

The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India's

telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures

for electronic transactions and e-commerce.

Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. The

number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely

of highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared

well in science, engineering, and management. Graduates from the Indian Institutes of

Technology (IIT) became known for their technical skills. Thus GOI planned to established

new Institutes specially for Information Technology to enhance this field. In 1998 India got

the first IT institute name Indian Institute of Information Technology at Gwalior. The

success of Information Technology in India not only had economic repercussions but also

had far-reaching political consequences. India's reputation both as a source and a

destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations with a number of world

economies. The relationship between economy and technology—valued in the western

world—facilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indians, which further

helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.

[edit]2001–present

Infosys Media Centre in Electronic City, Bangalore.

Cyber Towers at Hitech City inHyderabad

Microsoft India Development Center,Hyderabad

Millenium Tower in Kolkata, Salt Lake Sector-5, a major IT hub in the city.

Tidel Park—one of the largest software parks in Asia—was set up on the July 4, 2000 in Chennai, to aid the growth of

Information Technology in Tamil Nadu.

Patni Knowledge Park, Airoli, Navi Mumbai

Cognizant's Delivery Center in Pune

India is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world.

The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in India—accounting for

40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only

25% of its workforce—is summarized by Sharma (2006):

The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from 1 percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 2001. IT-enabled services such as backoffice operations, remote maintenance, accounting, public call centers, medical transcription, insurance claims, and

other bulk processing are rapidly expanding. Indian companies such asHCL, TCS, Wipro, and Infosys may yet become household names around the world.

Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT

Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in

Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies.

Mumbai too has its share of IT companies that are India's first and largest, like TCS and

well established like Reliance[disambiguation needed], Patni, LnT Infotech, i-Flex, WNS, Shine,

Naukri, Jobspert etc. are head-quartered in Mumbai. and these IT and dot com companies

are ruling the roost of Mumbai's relatively high octane industry of Information Technology.

Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing, it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon

have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel+ in

India.[15]

On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field

of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November

2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status

at CERN while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due

at Bangalore.

India's IT industry (USD bn)[16]

Particulars FY 2004 FY 2005FY

2006FY 2007 FY 2008

IT Services 10.4 13.5 17.8 23.5 31.0

- Exports 7.3 10.0 13.13 18.0 23.1

- Domestic 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.5 7.9

ITES-BPO 3.4 5.2 7.2 9.5 12.5

- Exports 3.1 4.6 6.3 8.4 10.9

- Domestic 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.6

Engineering services, R&D and Software products 2.9 3.9 5.3 6.5 8.6

- Exports 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.9 6.4

- Domestic 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 2.4

Hardware 5.0 5.9 7.0 8.5 12.0

- Exports 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

- Domestic 4.4 5.1 6.5 8.0 11.5

Total IT industry (including hardware) 21.6 28.4 37.4 48.0 64.

[edit]Health issues among Young labor force

Employees in IT / ITES services undergo high stress in their work environment which raises

serious concerns about work in this industry.[17] The corporate HR practices are another

concern where one survey found TCS employees average age is 29 years and the

recruitment practices which contribute to the inexperienced work force in the industry.[18] Corporate critics shortage of human resources but the analyst says 20 year old industry

cannot have 6 year experienced labor force.[19] There have been raising concerns on

violating employment laws by corporates and there are harassment reported from

companies like Wipro.[20]

[edit]Top 10 IT Hubs in India

Ranking City Description

1 BangalorePopularly known as the capital of the Silicon Valley of India is currently leading in Information Technology Industries in India.

2 Chennai

It is the Second largest exporter of Software next to Bangalore. It has the largest operations for Indias top software company TCS,Infosys ( has worlds largest development center with 25,000 employers in Mahindra world city at Maraimalainagar, and many centers in IT corridor), and other software companies like Wipro, CTS, Patni, L&T infotech and many companies have major operations in IT corridor, Ambattur and other places in Chennai

3 HyderabadHyderabad called as Cyberabad, which has good infrastructure and good government support is also a good technology base inIndia.The Government of AP Has built a separate township for IT Industry called the HITEC City. [21]

4 Pune Pune, a major industrial point in India.

5 NCRThe National Capital Region of India comprising Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every possible thing for this purpose.

6 MumbaiPopularly known as the commercial, entertainment, financial capital of India, This is one city that has seen tremendous growth in IT and BPO industry, it recorded 63% growth in 2008.[22] TCS, Patni, LnT Infotech, I-Flex WNS and other companies are headquartered here.

7 KolkataKolkata is a major IT hub in eastern India. All major IT companies are present here. The city has tremendous potential for growth in this sector with upcoming areas like Rajarhat.

8 TrivandrumTrivandrum, the capital of kerala is a green metropolis and tier I city. GOK provides a good platform for IT devolopment in the city with India's largest IT park Technopark and dedicated Technocity SEZs.

9 Bhubaneswar Bhubaneshwar largest city of Orissa exports more than 1500 crores.

10 Jaipur This rapidly growing industrial hub houses a lot of IT/ITES and BPO giants. Genpact, Connexions IT services, Deutsche Bank and EXL BPO, Infosyss, Tech Mahindra, and Wipro

are here. There are plans to build the largest IT SEZ in India by Mahindra under the Mahindra World City.

[edit]

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IMPORTANCE OF IT

Thanks to information technology, you can plug into your company's internal network and work remotely.

Information technology (IT) benefits the business world by allowing organizations to work more efficiently and to maximize productivity. Faster communication, electronic storage and the protection of records are advantages that IT can have on your enterprise. Information technology has to do with computer applications, on which nearly every work environment is dependent. Since computerized systems are so widely used, it is advantageous to incorporate information technology into your organization.

Storing and Protecting Information

Information technology creates electronic storage systems to protect your company's valuable records. According to the Graziadio Business Report, published by Pepperdine University, secure maintenance of customer and patient files is vital to business integrity. Storage systems, such as virtual vaults, keep information safe by only allowing certain users within your company to access, withdraw, add or change the documents. According to an article in Science Daily, IT security engineering systems protect your electronic information from being hacked, or wiped out during a technological disaster. Electronic security engineering means your valuable records will remain untouchable.

Automated ProcessesIn business, people look for ways to do more work in a shorter amount of time. A November 2000 newsletter published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco explains that information technology improves your company's efficiency by developing automated processes to take burden off your staff. In turn, your employees are free to work on other things while the computer runs their reports, creates queries, tracks projects and monitors financials.

Work RemotelyIT systems give you remote access to your company’s electronic network, so that you can work from home or on the road. This accessibility allows you to increase your productivity because you can still get work done, even when you aren’t physically in the office.

CommunicationCommunication is essential to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Your IT department can hook your employees up with email, video conferencing equipment and internal chat rooms, so that they always have an efficient way to conduct business and communicate

Sweden and Singapore continue to top the rankings of The Global Information Technology Report 2010-2011,

Transformations 2.0, confirming the leadership of the Nordic countries and the Asian Tiger economies in adopting

and implementing ICT advances for increased growth and development. Finland jumps to third place, while

Switzerland and the United States are steady in fourth and fifth place respectively. The 10th anniversary edition of the

report focuses on ICT’s power to transform society in the next decade through modernization and innovation.

The Nordic countries lead the way in leveraging ICT. With Denmark in 7th and Norway in 9th place, all are in the top

10, except for Iceland, which is ranked in 16th position. Led by Singapore in second place, the other Asian Tiger

economies continue to make progress in the ranking, with both Taiwan, China, and Korea improving five places to 6th

and 10th respectively, and Hong Kong SAR following closely at 12th.

With a record coverage of 138 economies

worldwide, the report remains the world’s most comprehensive and authoritative international assessment of the

impact of ICT on the development process and the competitiveness of nations. The Networked Readiness Index

(NRI) featured in the report examines how prepared countries are to use ICT effectively on three dimensions: the

general business, regulatory and infrastructure environment for ICT; the readiness of the three key societal actors ?

individuals, businesses and governments ? to use and benefit from ICT; and their actual usage of available ICT.

Under the theme Transformations 2.0, this 10th anniversary edition explores the coming transformations powered by

ICT, with a focus on the impact they will have on individuals, businesses and governments over the next few years.

Since the beginning of the report, the sheer amount of information generated by today’s digital society has increased

at an astounding rate. In order to measure impact of ICT and this new data revolution, a new data sharing platform is

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The Networked Readiness Index uses a combination of data from publicly available sources, as well as the results of

the Executive Opinion Survey, a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum with its

network of partner institutes (leading research institutes and business organizations) in the countries included in the

report. This survey of over 15,000 executives provides unique data on many qualitative dimensions important to

assess national networked readiness.

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 Information Technology Services or IT Services from Reliance are focused on helping customers realize their business goals by delivering tangible, measurable benefits. For instance, we helped Thames Water, one of the largest utility companies in the UK, reduce Information Technology support costs by 20%. 

Service Offerings

Application Development & Maintenance

Application Development and Maintenance

Methodologies and Tools

(          Methodology. OOP, OOAD, RAD,SPP

(          Tools, Industry leading tools

(         Conceptualization, Analysis, Design

(          Development, Testing and Implementation

(         Project Management

(          Database and data management

(          Graphics – multimedia, Speech recognition

(          Groupware - productivity

(          Operating systems Mainframe Systems

(          Custom Development in Legacy and Client

(     Server environments

(          Benefits

(          Reusable Frameworks

(          Architecture Frameworks

(          Project Delivery Frameworks  

Industry Practices

(          Energy & Utilities

(          Finance

(          Government

Business Process Management (BPM)

Architecture Consulting

Enterprise Application Integration

E-commerce B2E, B2B, B2C

Data Warehousing

Networking & Infrastructure

Content Management

CRM

Supply Chain Management

ERP

Internet and Enterprise Security

Change Management

Legacy Transformation & Consolidation

e-Testing

(          HealthScience

(          Hospitality

(          High Technology

(          Insurance

(        Investment Management

(        Manufacturing

(          Media & Entertainment

(          Retail

(          Securities & Capital Markets

(          Software Products

(          Telecom & Internet Service Providers

(          Travel and Transportation  

Today, outstripping the competition demands that you dedicate your time, talent and money to maximizing value. Instead, your IT team is plagued by the headaches and hassles of maintaining software systems, ten, twenty and possibly even 30 years old.

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Our services in these areas are focused on:

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Information Technology Act Notification under IT(Amendment) Act, 2008 IT (Amendment) Act 2008(2349 KB)   This pdf file is non accessible through use of Assistive Technologies

(i.e.screen-readers). For user information Document title is "The Gazette of India Part II" Dated February 5,2009. For More information contact DIT webmaster.

IT Act 2000 Rules for the Information Technology Act 2000 Report of the Expert Committee on Amendments to IT Act 2000

Madhya Pradesh Telecom Circle covers the entire state of Madhya Pradesh. This state is the site of world's earliest and highly developed civilization. There are over 1800 magnificent monuments bearing the witness to the glory of the land of Malwa. There are some most primitive of aboriginal tribes of India. In this great Central Plateau of rugged mountain ranges, deep ravines and rusting rivers, there are also vast unexplored tracks of thick forest where some of the country's finest big game roam and therefore Madhya Pradesh is rightly called Tiger State.

M.P. Telecom Circle, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh State. This State is covering3, 08, 000 Square Kms of geographical area. It is divided into 48 revenue districts, 247 Tehsils, 313 Block Head Quarters and 51,806 villages. In the present scenario, the BSNL is playing an important role for infrastructure.  M.P. Telecom Circle was the first Circle in the country to introduce Internet Services in District and Tehsil head quarters at the rate of local calls. Voice Mail Service which is first in the country in BSNL was

inaugurated into service at Indore on 29th May 2002. Total 2791 Telephone Exchanges are functioning in M.P. State with an OFC Network of 27,222.7 Kms length. Almost 100 % of Exchanges are on reliable (OFC /Radio/Satellite) media. Cellular Mobile Service has been launched with effect from 20-10-2002.

    MP TELECOM CIRCLE AT A GLANCE

No. of Districts 48No. of SSAs 34No. of SDCAs 249No. of THQs 272No. of BHQs 313Switching Capacity 26,94,300 ( Wired-16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500

& GSM 7,07,150)Working DELs 23,57,660 ( Wired-12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212

& GSM 8,87,990)No. of Cellular Mobile Subscribers 8,87,990No. of Exchanges 2791Waiting List for NTC ( Wired, WLL and Moble) 12,144Tele-Density 3.9TAX Capacity (Circuits) 2,47,700OFC Route Length in KMs 27,222.7Radio Route KMs 2542.22Exchanges on Reliable Media 2791 ( 100% )Stations connected with MCPC 3Exchanges on STD 2791 ( 100% Exchanges )Total inhabitated Revenue Villages 51806Villages having VPT by BSNL 49,193  No. of Gramin Sanchar Sewaks (GSS) 154 for 836 villagesPCOs - Local 23,196PCOs - STD 26,528PCOs - Highway 1386Revenue earned from Services (06-07) 1082 CroresRevenue earned Total (06-07) 1223 Crores

Revenue per Line (06-07) Rs. 384

Revenue Expenditure (06-07) 495 CroresNo. of Internet Nodes working 43Working Internet Connections 1,51,999Working Broad Band Connections 34,096

Stations having ISDN facility 116SDCAs having IN facility coverage 249 ( 100% )No. of BHQs having Internet Kiosks 223 No. of Customer Service Centres 318No. of Teleshoppes 16Directory on CD made availables since month Last version released in Sep. 2003Computerised Telephone Billing in SSAs 34 ( 100% computerised )FRS computerisation for exchange 2791 (100%)SDCAs having IVRS 249 SDCAs (100%)Cities having DIAS systems 2 ( Bhopal and Indore )Call Centre working Centralized Call Center at Bhopal for all

SSAs in M P Telecom Circle

SERVICES

  Switching   :

M P Telecom Circle has Switching Capacity of about 26,94,300 ( wired 16,63,650, WLL 3,23,500, GSM 7,07,150) lines with 23,57,660 ( wired 12,03,458, WLL 2,66,212, GSM 8,87,990 ) working DELs as on date. There are 2791 Telephone Exchanges in the State. Telephones are available on demand in most of the Cities & Towns. 

 Transmission   :

M P Telecom has got OFC route of 27,222.7 We have covered 100% stations on reliable media. Practically every important exchange is connected with OFC media. Band-width for Information Technology, even in most of the Rural areas, is available on demand.

 Village Public Telephones   :

All the 37601 villages meant for VPT coverage by MP Circle, have already provided VPTs during 2003-04 (including four in naxallite areas in Balaghat District). Balance 11,894 villages which could not be earlier covered by Private Operator are now being provided with VPT by BSNL with USO support. We are encouraging provision of STD facility on Village Public

Telephones so that majority of rural public are able to make use of Telephone facility.

  Internet Connections :

Information Technology is the key to Development in the State. To keep pace with the world in the IT field, M P Telecom Circle has taken many steps. We have installed Internet nodes at all District HQs. Total Internet Connections in MP are 1,51,999 which is more than the total Internet Connections provided by all other Private ISPs (Internet Service Providers) in the state. We are providing Sanchar-Net cards which helps user to create his own internet account without any paper formalities. The usage hours of the account thus created can be further charged using recharge vouchers.

ISDN Services   :

ISDN is a very important service for Data transaction and Video Conferencing. This Service is available on demand in 116 Cities/ Main Towns in M.P. and it can further be made available on demand in any City or Town of the whole of Madhya Pradesh.  

Intelligent Network   :

Each SSP (Service Switching Point) facilitates IN (Intelligent Network) coverage in 6 SDCAs. We have 39 SSPs working in MP Circle as on date. Intelligent network services are available in 249 SDCAs, each covering 12 Exchanges on an average. Among various IN Services, India Telephone Card is the most popular service.

Internet Cafe   :

With a view to promote Information Technology and Computerization in rural areas, BSNL has taken a strong lead. We have provided 248 Internet Cafe  in 223 BHQs out of 313 Block HQs in the State. Balance 92 BHQs will have Internet Cafe within one year.

Customer Service Centers (CSCs)   :

Our motto is A Satisfied Customer is our Best Salesman. For giving maximum satisfaction to our valued customers, we have taken several steps in the State for Customer Care.  Total 318 Customer Service Centers and 16 Tele-shoppes are functioning. All the services and facilities are available on these Customer Service Centers for the benefit of public. We have upgraded major Customer Service Centers for GSM Mobile. Our efforts are to make all these CSCs function on the Single window Concept.

Public Grievances Cell   :

A monitoring Cell at Circle HQ level has also been opened. Any customer having any grievance related to telephone, in case his problem is not solved within a reasonable time, can dial at TOLL FREE telephone number 12727 at Circle Headquarter from anywhere in MP and can get his grievance redressed.

Modernisation of Exchange Network   :

External Plant is being upgraded in a phased manner to bring down the fault rate to single digit per 100 telephones. In this regard, efforts are being made for fitting of internal DPs/ Wall/

surface DPs and to make the external plant network poleless. Life expired Telephone Instruments are being replaced and Paper Core underground cable is being phased out. All the Analogue Exchanges have already been phased out and already taken out of the Network.  

Deposit of Bills in Banks in Rural Areas   :

Now customers are able to deposit their telephone bills in the various branches, situated in rural and as well as in urban areas, of State Bank Of India, Central Bank of India & Punjab National Bank. This is an added facility for the customers in addition to the existing one, where the bills are deposited in Post Offices. Efforts are also being made to introduce this facility at other places in the State. 

Telephone Directory   :

Latest Telephone directories have been printed in 15 SSAs and the work is in progress for remaining SSA. Also corrected telephone directory of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh is available on CD with new numbering introduced this year.

Computerisation of Telecom Services   :

Directory Enquiry Service (197) has been computerized in all 34 SSAs. Fault Repair Service (198) has been computerized at SDCC HQ. Telephone billing is fully computerized in all the 34 SSAs.  IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) is functioning in all 249 SDCAs.

Conversion of 256 P into AN-RAX   :

To further improve the rural network in the state we have planned to convert 256P exchanges into AN-RAXs (Access network rural exchange) . With this conversion, these 256P exchanges

Implementation of IT in State Govt. of Bihar March 21st, 2011  Biharprabha Admin

Information Technology

The Information Technology (Amendment) Act 2008 has been enforced and rules  of important

sections notified in October 2009 addressing national cyber security. The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT- 1n) has been designated as the nodal agency for coordinating the matters relating to cyber security and emergency response,  which published a crisis management plan for countering cyber attacks and cyber terrorism.

Bihar has been catching up fast in the field of IT and related services in recent years. Several initiatives have been made to promote IT and allied projects to facilitate e-

governance in the state.To make Bihar one of the top five e-governed, IT enabled and e-literate states by 2012, the state government has formulated its Information Technology Policy in 2008. With a view to making Bihar a preferred destination for IT business and industry, the state government has also decided to offer a special package of incentives to attract them to the state and another Draft Information Technology Policy is under consideration. The importance of IT may also be gauged from the fact that the total plan outlay for IT department, which was Rs. 5952 lakh in  2009-10 has been increased to more than three times in 2010-11.Sec LAN

Under the Secretariat Local Area Scheme, all secretariat offices and Chief Minister’s residence are

connected in a fiber optic Local Area Network (LAN). An outlay of Rs. 1000 lakh has been planned for the project in 2010-11. All the planned 3300 Data Points have been completed successfully.

BSWAN

Under this scheme, there are a total of 533 points of presence (PoPs)-I in the state, 37 at the district and 495 at block levels. The total project outlay is Rs. 256.24 crore, with the state share of Rs. 97.17 crore, towards bandwidth cost and site preparation for PoPs and horizontal offices. In 2010-11, an outlay of Rs. 900 lakh has been earmarked for BSWAN. During 2010-11, out of 533 PoPs, 484 have been established till October 2010. The remaining 49 PoPs will be completed during this financial year.

Common Service Centre (CSC)

The state government has already taken action to create a network  of Common Service Centre christened ‘ Vasudha’ in all 8,463 Panchayats of the state as outlets for various services. Of these,

5538 Vasudha Kendras have so far been established

E-District

The project is wholly sponsored by the central government. A total of 94  Common Facilities Centre (CFC) under e-district plan are to be established, out of which 67 CFCs have been established and the remaining 27 will be established during the financial year 2010-11.

E-Governance

During the financial year 2010-11, the total outlay for the e-governance  is Rs. 1400 lakh. The Department of Information Technology is executing GIS mapping through NIC, Beltron, IWDMS,

Regional Institute of e-learning and Information Technology for DOEACC Society.

E-Procurement

The state government has decided to launch e-Procurement system to purchase goods and services

through open tenders so that the value of money is ensured. Initially, e-Procurement project has

been started as a pilot project for schemes above Rs. 25 lakh in certain departments like Road

Construction, Bridge Construction, PHED, Building Construction and the Department of Information Technology and Beltron. During the financial year 2010-11, a total of 1008 tenders has been put up for disposal, whereas 636 have been disposed.

State Data Centre

year 2010-11, for IT fairs and conferences and other capacity building measures, an outlay of Rs.

580.00 lakh has been made.

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These days IT is crucial to the majority of businesses. Almost all companies use IT to some extent, making it

important for employees to have proficient knowledge in the area. It is not longer just IT jobs where staff need a good

knowledge of IT. Almost all office based jobs are now almost entirely based around computers and IT.

Having good IT skills gives you a major advantage over those who do not. Even if a role is not an IT job per se, IT

knowledge may give you an advantage over other candidates and help you once you are employed. Employees are

expected to know the basics of IT in most jobs and there is an assumption that you are able to perform basic

computer related tasks. Email is often the main mode of communication, while employees are also expected to be

able to write documents and use spreadsheets. In most cases the Internet is the main research method, so being

confident using Google, for example, can be a must.

Most admin tasks in any business are now performed through the use of IT and for the large part the traditional

numerous filing cabinets are gone. Accounting is usually done with spreadsheets, so accounting staff also need

knowledge of IT. Even those working in shops and restaurant will use IT is certain ways, such as the tills. Anyone

working in management in any job will need to be able to use computers to either a small or large extend, depending

on the nature of their particular job.

With IT playing such an important role in business today, good IT training, either in education or once in employment,

can make an important difference. IT is there to make life easier, but if you do not have the necessary confidence it

can turn into a nightmare. Staff need to understand the processes they are using, and this requires sufficient training.

IT can be complex, especially in businesses that use it to a large degree, and as with all technologies there will be

things that go wrong. Therefore support staff who can solve any issues are useful. Some companies will have a

person, or even a whole team of people, whose sole job it is to run and maintain the IT systems and networks. IT is

there to help, not hider, but if things are not managed properly it can cause a whole host of problems. The IT

department and processes need to be managed for IT to have the best possible impact on a business. Things need

to be in place so the business can make the most of the advantages IT offers.

Some will use some kind of IT methodology to keep their IT management on track. The most widely used

methodology is ITIL, which stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. ITIL is a set of concept and

policies for managing the IT within a business. Essentially it is the IT best practice.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3221599

History of it

Information technology, while stirring thoughts and visions of networks, the Internet, server rooms,

racks of switches and routers, and advanced terms including VoIP, TCP/IP addressing, security and

more, the 'technology' doesn't necessarily refer only to computer related issues. Any medium or

channel that stores and processes information enters the category of information technology. The

brain is an information processor, working to process and manage information that controls our every

movement, body functions, and habits. Whichever procedure or attempt to communicate, store and

manage information as well as utilize and administer the data will fall under the classification.

The backstory of information technology precedes the invention of the computer. The abacus, used by

Asians, Egyptians, Romans, and the Greek can be termed a source of information technology.

Calculators, the first mechanical one built by German polymath   Wilhelm Schickard, or the slide rule,

developed in 1622   byWilliam Oughtred, also comes under the heading of information technology.

Another example would be punch card machines, expanded upon by IBM in the early to mid 1900's,

qualifies the term information technology.

As time progress along with the advances of inventions and applied knowledge, computing took shape

and became useful in a variety of ways other than calculations. Computer science became an

academic specialty, creating computer science departments and classes. As these classes took shape,

separate branches of computer science became distinct areas of study. Today, Information Technology

departments use computers, data centers, servers, database management system, specialized

software applications and more, managed by system and database administrators, an Information

Technology Manager and other department heads, including a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Even

though information technology has a long reach into history, only recently has it been associated with

the use of computers