Information Systems Overview (COIS 20024) Lecture: Week 3 Computer Software (Information Systems Resources)

Information Systems OverviewInformation Systems Overview(COIS 20024)(COIS 20024)

Lecture: Week 3

Computer Software

(Information Systems Resources)

30-JUL-2001

Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 2

Week 3: ResourcesWeek 3: Resources Study Guide

Module 3: Computer Software

Textbook Chapter 4: Computer Software

Resource Materials

Reading 3-1

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ObjectivesObjectives Describe major trends occurring in computer

software Identify several major types of system

software & application software & their uses Describe the importance & functions of an

operating system

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Objectives Objectives (cont’d)(cont’d)

Describe the purpose of programming languages

Explain the characteristics of and differences between major categories of programming languages

Describe the purpose & types of language translator programs

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Computer SoftwareComputer Software A set of instructions to be processed by a

computer.

Why is it important? Required by computer hardware Required by end users

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ObjectivesObjectives Describe major trends occurring in computer

software Identify several major types of system

software & application software & their uses Describe the importance & functions of an

operating system

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Trends in Computer SoftwareTrends in Computer SoftwareFirst

GenerationFirst

GenerationSecond

GenerationSecond

GenerationThird

GenerationThird

GenerationFourth

GenerationFourth

GenerationFifth

GenerationFifth

Generation

User-Written ProgramsMachine Languages

Packaged ProgramsSymbolic Languages

Operating SystemsHigh-Level Languages

DBMS Fourth-Generation LanguagesMicrocomputer Packages

Natural & Object-Oriented

LanguagesMultipurpose

Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted

Packages

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools

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Two major Software trends are taking place:Two major Software trends are taking place:

Trend away from custom-designed programs developed by the

professional programmers of an organization technical, machine-specific programming

languages using binary-based or symbolic codes procedural languages, which use brief

statements and mathematical expressions to specify the sequence of instructions a computer must perform

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Two major Software trends are taking place: Two major Software trends are taking place: (cont’d)(cont’d)

Trend towards use of off-the-shelf software packages acquired

by end users from software vendors use of a visual graphic-interface for object-

oriented programming, or toward nonprocedural natural languages for programming that are closer to human conversation

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Reasons for these trends are:Reasons for these trends are: Development of relatively inexpensive and

easy-to-use application software packages and multipurpose software suites for microcomputers

Software packages are designed with web-enabled networking capabilities and collaboration features that optimize their usefulness for end users and workgroups on the Internet and corporate intranets and extranets

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Reasons for these trends are:Reasons for these trends are: (cont’d)(cont’d)

Many software packages can now be downloaded, updated, managed, and rented or leased from software companies or application service providers (ASPs) over the Internet and corporate intranets

Creation of easy-to-use, nonprocedural fourth-generation languages (4GLs)

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Reasons for these trends are:Reasons for these trends are: (cont’d)(cont’d)

Developments in object technology, graphics, and artificial intelligence produce natural language and graphical user interfaces (GUI) that make both programming tools and software packages easier to use

Developments in a new generation of expert-assisted software packages that combine expert system modules and artificial intelligence features (wizards and intelligent agents)

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ReResultssults for these trends for these trends Current trends are converging to produce a

fifth generation of powerful, multipurpose, expert-assisted, and network-enabled software packages with natural language and graphical interfaces to support the productivity and collaboration of both end users and IS professionals

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Describe major trends occurring in computer software

Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses

Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

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Categories of Computer SoftwareCategories of Computer Software

ComputerSoftware

ComputerSoftware

General-Purpose

Programs

General-Purpose

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

ApplicationSoftware

ApplicationSoftware

System Software

System Software

SystemManagement

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

System Development

Programs

System Development

Programs

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Common General- Purpose Common General- Purpose ApplicationsApplications

Electronic Mail Word Processing Electronic Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware

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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers

Discussion Groups

Surf the Net Launch InformationSearches

E-MailMultimedia

FileTransfer

Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,

Intranet, and Extranet Environments

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Database Management PackagesDatabase Management Packages

DatabaseDevelopment

DatabaseMaintenance

DatabaseInterrogation

ApplicationDevelopment

Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management

Packages

Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management

Packages

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KeyTechnologies

ofMultimedia

Video CaptureCard

Video CaptureCard

AuthoringLanguage

AuthoringLanguage

StoryboardStoryboard Compact DiskInteractive

Compact DiskInteractive

Sound BoardSound Board CompressedAudio

CompressedAudio

Digital VideoInteractive

Digital VideoInteractive

MIDIMIDI Computer Edit System

Computer Edit System

InteractiveVideo

InteractiveVideo Digital AudioDigital Audio

Multimedia TechnologiesMultimedia Technologies

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Business Enterprise Application SoftwareBusiness Enterprise Application Software

Supply Chain

Management

Accounting andFinancial

Management

CustomerRelationshipManagement

EnterpriseResourcePlanning

HumanResource

Management

BusinessDecisionSupport

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Describe major trends occurring in computer software

Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses

Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

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Functions of an Operating SystemFunctions of an Operating System

ResourceManagement

ResourceManagement

TaskManagement

TaskManagement

UserInterface

UserInterface

FileManagement

FileManagement

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

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Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages Are the languages in which computer programs

are written Allow programmers or end users to develop the

sets of instructions that constitute a computer program

Many programming languages have been developed, each with its own unique vocabulary, grammer, and uses

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Categories of Programming LanguagesCategories of Programming Languages

Machine LanguagesUse binary coded instructions

1001 10011100 1101

High Level LanguagesUse brief statements

Compute X = Y + Z

Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions

LOD YADD Z

Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects thatcontain data and actions

Document.write(“Hi There”)

Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes

<H1>First heading</H><!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)>

`

Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements

SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS

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Programming Language TranslationProgramming Language Translation

LanguageTranslation

Process

LanguageTranslation

Process

SourceProgram

MachineLanguage

ObjectProgram

Written inBASIC,COBOL,

etc.

LanguageTranslatorProgram

• Compiler• Interpreter• Assembler

IF A := BTHEN 1001101

11101010010110

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Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the

performance of a particular end user task, and

system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system.

SummarySummary

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Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories.

System software can be subdivided into system management programs (used to manage

hardware, software, networks, and data resources) and

system development programs (used by IS specialists to develop computer programs).

Summary Summary (cont’d)(cont’d)

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An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU.

There are five major levels of programming languages.

Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions.

Chapter Summary Chapter Summary (cont’d)(cont’d)

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Next WeekNext Week

Information Systems Resources:

Database Management

Information Systems Overview (COIS 20024) Lecture: Week 3 Computer Software (Information Systems Resources)

Documents

software companies

software vendors

computer softwaredaniel

contdmany software packages

gls daniel pun

extranets daniel pun

computer softwareidentify

multipurpose software