information system lecture notes

INFORMATION SYSTEM

Lecture # 11

CHAPTER 5ORGANIZING DATA AND

INFORMATION

Principles of Information

Systems(Eighth Edition)

PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Data management and modeling are key aspects of organizing data and information Define general data management concepts and

terms, highlighting the advantages of the database approach to data management

Describe the relational database model and outline its basic features

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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED)

A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making Identify the common functions performed by all

database management systems and identify popular user database management systems

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PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED)

The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits Identify and briefly discuss current database

applications

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WHY LEARN ABOUT DATABASE SYSTEMS?

Database systems process and organize large amounts of data

Examples: Marketing manager can access customer data Corporate lawyer can access past cases and

opinions

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INTRODUCTION

Database: an organized collection of data Database management system (DBMS):

group of programs to manage database Manipulates database Provides an interface between database and the

user of the database and other application programs

Database administrator (DBA): skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database

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DATA MANAGEMENT

Without data and the ability to process it, an organization could not successfully complete most business activities

Data consists of raw facts To transform data into useful information, it

must first be organized in a meaningful way

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THE HIERARCHY OF DATA

Bit (a binary digit): represents a circuit that is either on or off

Byte: typically made up of eight bits Character: a byte represents a character;

the basic building block of information Can be an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,

numeric digit, or special symbol Field: typically a name, number, or

combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

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THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)

Record: collection of related data fields File: collection of related records Database: collection of integrated and

related files Hierarchy of data

Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases

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THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)

Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 11

Figure 5.1: The Hierarchy of Data

DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND KEYS

Entity: generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

Attribute: characteristic of an entity Data item: specific value of an attribute Key: field or set of fields in a record that is

used to identify the record Primary key: field or set of fields that

uniquely identifies the record

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DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND KEYS (CONTINUED)


Figure 5.2: Keys and Attributes

THE DATABASE APPROACH

Traditional approach to data management: separate data files are created and stored for each application program

Database approach to data management: a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs Offers significant advantages over the traditional file-

based approach

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THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)


Figure 5.3: The Database Approach to Data Management



Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach



Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach (continued)



Table 5.2: Disadvantages of the Database Approach

information system lecture notes

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