Info & Tips on AP Human Geography EXAM. Format & Schedule for the AP Human Geography Exam Consists of 2 sections: Section I: 60 minutes; 75 M-C ?’s Counts.

Info & Tips on Info & Tips on AP Human AP Human Geography Geography

EXAMEXAM

Format & Schedule for the Format & Schedule for the AP Human Geography ExamAP Human Geography Exam Consists of 2 sections: Consists of 2 sections:

Section ISection I: : 6060 minutes; 75 M-C ? minutes; 75 M-C ?’’ss Counts 50% of total AP exam gradeCounts 50% of total AP exam grade

48 seconds each48 seconds eachBREAKBREAK….15 min. or so….….15 min. or so….

Section IISection II: : 7575 minutes; 3 Free Response minutes; 3 Free Response itemsitems

Counts 50% of final grade Counts 50% of final grade

3 Free Response Items: 3 Free Response Items:

--You You havehave to do all 3 for full credit to do all 3 for full credit

-You have 75 total minutes to do these-You have 75 total minutes to do these

--PREWRITE (!!!!)PREWRITE (!!!!) with each with each

-fancy form does NOT count…-fancy form does NOT count…content content is most is most importantimportant

-Do NOT just list…-Do NOT just list…

-Do what it says…IF it says -Do what it says…IF it says definedefine, do that, do that

-If it says -If it says give an EXgive an EX., do that., do that

Glance aheadGlance ahead at all 3 ? at all 3 ?’’s s

WHICH 1 you know most about? WHICH 1 you know most about?

Start with Start with that onethat one, leaving 2 pages for any you are , leaving 2 pages for any you are skippingskipping

You have about 25 min. to answer each free You have about 25 min. to answer each free response question. response question.

Take 5 min. to plan & outline your answer.Take 5 min. to plan & outline your answer.

A formal essay is NOT requiredA formal essay is NOT requiredBut it is But it is NOT enough to just list factsNOT enough to just list facts..Illustrate your answers w/ GOOD Illustrate your answers w/ GOOD geographic geographic

examplesexamples whenever possible whenever possible Be sure that you Be sure that you number number each of your each of your

answers, including individual parts like answers, including individual parts like 1a) 1a) 1b) 1c),1b) 1c), in the answer booklet as the in the answer booklet as the questions are numbered on the questions are numbered on the next slide next slide

Sample question:Sample question:

1. The modern state system is engaged in a struggle 1. The modern state system is engaged in a struggle between the forces of supranationalism & between the forces of supranationalism & devolution.devolution.

A) Define both terms & give a geographic example A) Define both terms & give a geographic example for each.for each.

B) With reference to the political & economic B) With reference to the political & economic geography of Europe, briefly discuss three changes geography of Europe, briefly discuss three changes resulting from supranationalism.resulting from supranationalism.

C) With reference to the political & economic C) With reference to the political & economic geography of Europe, briefly discuss 3 changes geography of Europe, briefly discuss 3 changes resulting from devolution.resulting from devolution.

BUT…write in paragraphs…BUT…write in paragraphs…

Multiple Choice: Multiple Choice:

You can have 7 skips without penaltyYou can have 7 skips without penalty … …

That is, if you totally donThat is, if you totally don’’t know some, leave up to seven t know some, leave up to seven blank & it wonblank & it won’’t hurt you. t hurt you. Choose the 7 you are least Choose the 7 you are least sure about.sure about.

If you can narrow it to 2 or 3 of the choices, answer If you can narrow it to 2 or 3 of the choices, answer it!it!

1 pt. for each correct….lose .25 (1/4) for each 1 pt. for each correct….lose .25 (1/4) for each wrong. wrong.

Blanks = nothing…Blanks = nothing…

NOTE: Guy who wrote the NOTE: Guy who wrote the BarronBarron’’s APHG Study Guides APHG Study Guide never taught APHG…His never taught APHG…His Free ResponseFree Response stuff is stuff is totally off base…so do not follow those instructions!! totally off base…so do not follow those instructions!!

His Multiple Choice ?His Multiple Choice ?’’s s are are OKOK

Chapters TopicsChapters Topics % % of ?of ?’’s s

Ch. 1: Geog.: Nature & perspectives: 5-10Ch. 1: Geog.: Nature & perspectives: 5-10

Ch. 2 + 3 Pop. Patterns/MigrationCh. 2 + 3 Pop. Patterns/Migration 13-1713-17

Ch/ 4-7 Cultural Patterns Ch/ 4-7 Cultural Patterns (cultural geog.)(cultural geog.) 13-1713-17

Ch. 8 Polit. Geog.Ch. 8 Polit. Geog. 13-1713-17

Ch. 10 + 14 Agric. & rural land useCh. 10 + 14 Agric. & rural land use 13-1713-17

Ch. 9, 11, 14 Indus. + Econ Devel.Ch. 9, 11, 14 Indus. + Econ Devel. 13-1713-17

Ch. 12-13 Cities/urban land (services)Ch. 12-13 Cities/urban land (services) 13-1713-17

““How many do I have to get right….?How many do I have to get right….?”” The answer The answer from an APHG guru…from an APHG guru…

That's really hard to say - especially since another factor That's really hard to say - especially since another factor would be whether students skip the other questions or would be whether students skip the other questions or answer them incorrectly. Skipped questions have no answer them incorrectly. Skipped questions have no penalty, but they lose 1/4 of the value of a right answer for penalty, but they lose 1/4 of the value of a right answer for each incorrect answer. So a student who answers 50 right each incorrect answer. So a student who answers 50 right and skips the other 25 will do much better that the students and skips the other 25 will do much better that the students who answers all the questions and gets 50 right. Be sure to who answers all the questions and gets 50 right. Be sure to remind them to SKIP a question if remind them to SKIP a question if they aren't sure or can't they aren't sure or can't eliminate at least 1 or 2 answers.eliminate at least 1 or 2 answers.I just tell my kids to try to do better than the "average" kid I just tell my kids to try to do better than the "average" kid taking the test - since over half will pass, if they are taking the test - since over half will pass, if they are "average" or "above average" then they will get a 3, 4, or 5."average" or "above average" then they will get a 3, 4, or 5.It is POSSIBLE to get a 4 by answering every multiple choice It is POSSIBLE to get a 4 by answering every multiple choice question correctly and not getting any points on the free question correctly and not getting any points on the free response. (However getting all 75 questions is highly response. (However getting all 75 questions is highly unlikely!)unlikely!)

To summarize:To summarize:

If you TOTALLY do NOT know anything about it, SKIP If you TOTALLY do NOT know anything about it, SKIP IT.IT.

TRY to avoid skipping more than 7…TRY to avoid skipping more than 7… BUT…If there are more than 7 you just DO NOT BUT…If there are more than 7 you just DO NOT

know, then skip moreknow, then skip more PRE-WRITE….BUT….for no more than 5 min. for PRE-WRITE….BUT….for no more than 5 min. for

each questioneach question Writing TOO MUCH is MUCH better than NOT Writing TOO MUCH is MUCH better than NOT

including something that explains what you meanincluding something that explains what you mean Clarify….explain….discuss…DO what it tells you to Clarify….explain….discuss…DO what it tells you to

do!do!

NOTES ON MAPS: NOTES ON MAPS:

--economic maps --physical maps --climate maps --economic maps --physical maps --climate maps --cartogram --cartogram --legend --political maps --population maps--legend --political maps --population maps

1) gives info about how to read the maps to get info from the map1) gives info about how to read the maps to get info from the map2) 2) show landforms of an area…..the shape of the Earthshow landforms of an area…..the shape of the Earth’’s surfaces surface4) show places divided up by people, such as 4) show places divided up by people, such as statesstates (aka (aka

““countriescountries””), cities, counties, etc.; usually show rivers, major ), cities, counties, etc.; usually show rivers, major lakes, oceans, etc., alsolakes, oceans, etc., also

5) show climatic zones/areas within countries, continents, etc.5) show climatic zones/areas within countries, continents, etc.6) show natural resources in areas and/or ways that people make 6) show natural resources in areas and/or ways that people make

a living; legends may show mines, factories, power plants, a living; legends may show mines, factories, power plants, etc. NOTE: the etc. NOTE: the economyeconomy of a country is the way the money is of a country is the way the money is earned, used, spent, controlled, issued, etc.earned, used, spent, controlled, issued, etc.

7) shows were more people live…that is they show how (7) shows were more people live…that is they show how (heavily, heavily, thicklythickly) or how ) or how sparselysparsely ( (thinly)thinly) populated a place is populated a place is

8) thematic map that shows political areas in relation to each 8) thematic map that shows political areas in relation to each other regarding some quality or quantity. Examples?other regarding some quality or quantity. Examples?

disperseddispersed cartography agricultural cartography agricultural physiological clustered (or a___?___) physiological clustered (or a___?___) concentration arithmetic density concentration arithmetic density 1) density which considers the # of farmers per unit of 1) density which considers the # of farmers per unit of

farmland...land being farmed. farmland...land being farmed. 2) total # of something within an area; used to compare 2) total # of something within an area; used to compare the distribution of population in different countries.the distribution of population in different countries.

Ex.: In the United Kingdom has 241 people per sq. km.Ex.: In the United Kingdom has 241 people per sq. km.3) the science or mapmaking in order to store reference 3) the science or mapmaking in order to store reference

material and/or communicate geographic infomaterial and/or communicate geographic info4) the extent of feature's spread over space; used to 4) the extent of feature's spread over space; used to

describe changes in distributiondescribe changes in distribution5) if objects in an area are close together they are said to 5) if objects in an area are close together they are said to

be …be …6) a feature that is relatively far apart from others6) a feature that is relatively far apart from others

ID:ID: NIMBYNIMBY

B.O.D.B.O.D.

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

ParticulatesParticulates

BiomassBiomass

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels

Most of electricity for businesses comes from what Most of electricity for businesses comes from what fuel source? For homes?fuel source? For homes?

Not inNot in My Backyard! My Backyard!BOD: biochemical oxygen demandBOD: biochemical oxygen demand: decomposing : decomposing

organic waste in water…uses up oxygen & not organic waste in water…uses up oxygen & not enough for normal animals & plants enough for normal animals & plants …& can cause …& can cause algae to grow too muchalgae to grow too much

Hydrocarbons:Hydrocarbons: cause cause photochemical smogphotochemical smog (dirty (dirty fog): --comes from fuels + paint solvents fog): --comes from fuels + paint solvents (removers)(removers)

Particulates:Particulates: solids in the air from soot and solids in the air from soot andBiomass: Biomass: --plant material, wood, animal wastesplant material, wood, animal wastes

-LCD vs. MDC w/ biomass? Methane-LCD vs. MDC w/ biomass? MethaneFossil Fuels: coal, petroleum (oil), natural gasFossil Fuels: coal, petroleum (oil), natural gas

-Finite supply & is unevenly distributed-Finite supply & is unevenly distributedNon-renewableNon-renewable energy: energy: (can u make more?)(can u make more?)

Most of electricity for businesses comes from what Most of electricity for businesses comes from what fuel source? Coalfuel source? Coal

For homes? Natural gasFor homes? Natural gas

Map ProjectionMap Projectioninterrupted projectioninterrupted projection map: map:

depicts continents as depicts continents as accurately as possible by accurately as possible by leaving blank space in leaving blank space in less important areas of less important areas of the map like oceans.the map like oceans.

Below: Below: MercatorMercator: A : A cylindrical cylindrical mapmap

Inset is more of a Inset is more of a conical conical map ...map ...area of focus area of focus (Greenland) accurate, but (Greenland) accurate, but as it goes lower, loses as it goes lower, loses accuracy accuracy

LIGHTNING REVIEW!!!!!!LIGHTNING REVIEW!!!!!!1.1. A page:A page: Unambiguous (?)Unambiguous (?) identification of a identification of a

place on the earthplace on the earth’’s surface – may use lat-long s surface – may use lat-long coordinates? coordinates?

2.2. Reference to a location in relation to surrounding Reference to a location in relation to surrounding places? places?

3.3. Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs, Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs, language, and other cultural traits brought about language, and other cultural traits brought about by the contact with a dissimilar culture group? by the contact with a dissimilar culture group?

4.4. Racial segregation in South Africa? Racial segregation in South Africa? 5.5. The areal The areal ((what do you think this meanswhat do you think this means?)?) extent of a extent of a

personperson’’s regularly visited places during a day?s regularly visited places during a day? 6.6. ActivitiesActivities’’ tendency to concentrate in a location to tendency to concentrate in a location to

share facilities and services for mutual benefit? share facilities and services for mutual benefit? 7.7. Industry that includes the operation of farms, farm Industry that includes the operation of farms, farm

equipment, and farm commodities? equipment, and farm commodities?

APHG RAPID REVIEW answersAPHG RAPID REVIEW answers

1.1. A PageA Page:: Unambiguous identification of place on earth Unambiguous identification of place on earth’’s s surface – may use lat-long coordinates? surface – may use lat-long coordinates? Absolute Absolute locationlocation

2.2. Refer. to location in relation to surround. places? Refer. to location in relation to surround. places? Relative locationRelative location

3.3. Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs, Changes in value systems, attitudes, customs, language, & other cult. traits thru contact w/ dissimilar language, & other cult. traits thru contact w/ dissimilar culture group? culture group? AcculturationAcculturation

4.4. Racial segregation in South Africa? Racial segregation in South Africa? ApartheidApartheid5.5. The areal extent of personThe areal extent of person’’s regularly visited places s regularly visited places

during a day? during a day? Activity spaceActivity space6.6. ActivitiesActivities’’ tendency to concentrate in a location to share tendency to concentrate in a location to share

facilities and services for mutual benefit? facilities and services for mutual benefit? Agglomeration or clusteringAgglomeration or clustering

7.7. Industry that includes the operation of farms, farm Industry that includes the operation of farms, farm equipment, and farm commodities? equipment, and farm commodities? Agribusiness Agribusiness

1.1. B page:B page: Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __? Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? ____ About how long ago? __? __

2.2. The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water produce? produce?

3.3. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? 4.4. The division of a region or country into smaller The division of a region or country into smaller

administrative units, usually along ethnic lines? administrative units, usually along ethnic lines? 5.5. Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside

its center? its center? 6.6. An effort by realtors to convince whites living on the edges An effort by realtors to convince whites living on the edges

of the expanding black housing areas to sell their homes, of the expanding black housing areas to sell their homes, usually at prices lower than fair market value – then resell usually at prices lower than fair market value – then resell the houses to blacks at higher than market values?the houses to blacks at higher than market values?

7.7. Banks identified areas within a city that they believed Banks identified areas within a city that they believed presented too high a risk of financial loss to receive presented too high a risk of financial loss to receive mortgage loans – usually related to the race of occupants? mortgage loans – usually related to the race of occupants?

8.8. Lines that separate countries? Lines that separate countries? 9.9. A place where cargo is transferred from one form of A place where cargo is transferred from one form of

transportation totransportation to another? another?

ANSW. B PageANSW. B Page::

1.1. Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? __ how long ago? __? __ 11stst agric. Revolution agric. Revolution … …

2.2. The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water produce? produce? aquacultureaquaculture

3.3. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? 4 4 dragons or 4 tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigersdragons or 4 tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigers

4.4. Division of a region or country into smaller administrative Division of a region or country into smaller administrative units, usually along ethnic lines? units, usually along ethnic lines? Balkanization or DevolutionBalkanization or Devolution

5.5. Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside its center? its center? Basic industriesBasic industries

6.6. An effort by realtors to convince whites living on the edges of An effort by realtors to convince whites living on the edges of expanding black housing areas to sell their homes, usually at expanding black housing areas to sell their homes, usually at prices lower than fair market value – then resell the houses to prices lower than fair market value – then resell the houses to blacks at higher than market values? blacks at higher than market values? blockbustingblockbusting

7.7. Banks identified areas within a city that they believed Banks identified areas within a city that they believed presented too high a risk of financial loss to receive mortgage presented too high a risk of financial loss to receive mortgage loans – usually related to the race of occupants? loans – usually related to the race of occupants? redliningredlining

8.8. Lines that separate countries? Lines that separate countries? Borders or boundariesBorders or boundaries9.9. A place where cargo is transferred from one form of A place where cargo is transferred from one form of

transportation to another? transportation to another? Break of bulk pointBreak of bulk point

1.1. C pageC page:: A map that has been transformed into a type of A map that has been transformed into a type of graph where the administrative units have been enlarged graph where the administrative units have been enlarged or reduced in area to graphically reflect their numerical or reduced in area to graphically reflect their numerical share in the topic presented? share in the topic presented?

2.2. Maps which show distribution by area – often by Maps which show distribution by area – often by symbols or colors which fill an entire administrative unit? symbols or colors which fill an entire administrative unit?

3.3. Forces that tend to disintegrate or push apart? Forces that tend to disintegrate or push apart? 4.4. Forces that tend to bind or pull together? Forces that tend to bind or pull together? 5.5. A state that is principally composed of a city and a A state that is principally composed of a city and a

limited hinterland? __?__ Ex? limited hinterland? __?__ Ex? 6.6. A concept that says that an area will specialize in the A concept that says that an area will specialize in the

production of items for which it has the greatest production of items for which it has the greatest economic advantage over other areas? economic advantage over other areas?

7.7. The joining together of large urban centers so that their The joining together of large urban centers so that their edges create a continuous developed area? ___?___ edges create a continuous developed area? ___?___ Ex? Ex?

1.1. Page C:Page C: Map that Map that’’s been transformed into a type of s been transformed into a type of graph where the admin. units have been enlarged or graph where the admin. units have been enlarged or reduced in area to graphically reflect their numerical reduced in area to graphically reflect their numerical share in the topic presented? share in the topic presented? CartogramCartogram

2.2. Maps which show distribution by area – often by symbols or Maps which show distribution by area – often by symbols or colors which fill an entire administrative unit? colors which fill an entire administrative unit? ChoroplethChoropleth

3.3. Forces that tend to disintegrate? Forces that tend to disintegrate? CentrifugalCentrifugal4.4. Forces that tend to bind together? Forces that tend to bind together? CentripetalCentripetal5.5. A state that is principally composed of a city and a limited A state that is principally composed of a city and a limited

hinterland? hinterland? City-stateCity-state Ex? old: Ex? old: Athens Athens new: new: SingaporeSingapore6.6. A concept that states than an area will specialize in the A concept that states than an area will specialize in the

production of items for which it has the greatest economic production of items for which it has the greatest economic advantage over other areas? advantage over other areas? Comparative advantageComparative advantage

7.7. The joining together of large urban centers so that their edges The joining together of large urban centers so that their edges create a continuous developed area? create a continuous developed area? ConurbationConurbation or or MegalopolisMegalopolis Ex? Ex? BosWash, ChiPitts, San-San; East-west BosWash, ChiPitts, San-San; East-west in Japan from Tokyo to Kyushu; Ruhr region of Germanyin Japan from Tokyo to Kyushu; Ruhr region of Germany

1.1. D PageD Page: The spatial structure of the world economic : The spatial structure of the world economic system that includes unequal development – one system that includes unequal development – one area w/ the greatest wealth and economic power …& area w/ the greatest wealth and economic power …& another area/region which lacks development? another area/region which lacks development? Also Also known as the Brandt line known as the Brandt line

2.2. A recent shift in population from A recent shift in population from urban to rural urban to rural areas? areas?

3.3. Number of births per 1000 population? Number of births per 1000 population? 4.4. Number of deaths per 1000 population? Number of deaths per 1000 population? 5.5. # of deaths of children less than age 1 per 1000 # of deaths of children less than age 1 per 1000

births? births? 6.6. Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a

percentage? percentage? 7.7. Survey system used by the French with narrow but Survey system used by the French with narrow but

long sections? Made to give all access to a river.long sections? Made to give all access to a river.8.8. Survey system used by British colonies?Survey system used by British colonies?

1.1. D:D: The spatial structure of the world economic system that The spatial structure of the world economic system that includes unequal development – 1 area w/ the greatest includes unequal development – 1 area w/ the greatest wealth & econ. power…& another area/region which lacks wealth & econ. power…& another area/region which lacks development? Also known as the Brandt line development? Also known as the Brandt line Core-Core-peripheryperiphery

2.2. A recent shift in population from A recent shift in population from urban to rural areasurban to rural areas? ? CounterurbanizationCounterurbanization

3.3. Number of births per 1000 population? Number of births per 1000 population? Crude birth rateCrude birth rate4.4. Number of deaths per 1000 population? Number of deaths per 1000 population? Crude death rateCrude death rate

5.5. Number of deaths of children less than age 1 per 1000 Number of deaths of children less than age 1 per 1000 births? births? Infant mortality rateInfant mortality rate

6.6. Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a %? Birth rate minus death rate, expressed as a %? Rate of Rate of natural increasenatural increase

7.7. Survey system used by the French? Survey system used by the French? Long lotLong lot8.8. Survey system used in British colonies? Survey system used in British colonies? Metes and Metes and

boundsbounds

E PageE Page1.1. Survey system that includes division of land into regular Survey system that includes division of land into regular

pattern of squares or rectangles? pattern of squares or rectangles? 2.2. Wherever a Wherever a culture groupculture group has modified its environmental has modified its environmental

setting – this is the result? setting – this is the result? 3.3. Model that uses graphs of birth & death rates to illustrate Model that uses graphs of birth & death rates to illustrate

historical trends of population? historical trends of population? 4.4. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated

economy? economy? 5.5. Relationship between the number of active workers in a Relationship between the number of active workers in a

country (age 15-64) & those younger & older than the worker country (age 15-64) & those younger & older than the worker group? group?

6.6. Idea that Idea that spatial interactionspatial interaction will decline in intensity with will decline in intensity with increasing distance from the origin? increasing distance from the origin?

7.7. The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio between basic employment and total employment? between basic employment and total employment?

8.8. Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside its center? its center?

9.9. In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near the city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the the city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the relationship between land values & distance from city center? relationship between land values & distance from city center?

1.1. E:E: Survey system that includes division of land into regular pattern of Survey system that includes division of land into regular pattern of squares or rectangles? squares or rectangles? Township and rangeTownship and range

2.2. Wherever a culture group has modified its environmental setting – this Wherever a culture group has modified its environmental setting – this is the result? is the result? Cultural landscapeCultural landscape

3.3. Model that uses graphs of birth and death rates to illustrate historical Model that uses graphs of birth and death rates to illustrate historical trends of population? trends of population? Demographic transition modelDemographic transition model

4.4. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated economy? Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated economy? Deindustrializtion (postindustrial economy)Deindustrializtion (postindustrial economy)

5.5. Relationship between the number of active workers in a country (15-64) Relationship between the number of active workers in a country (15-64) & those younger & older than the worker group? Dependency ratio& those younger & older than the worker group? Dependency ratio

6.6. Concept that spatial interaction will decline in intensity with increasing Concept that spatial interaction will decline in intensity with increasing distance from the origin? distance from the origin? Distance decayDistance decay

7.7. The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio between basic employment and total employment? between basic employment and total employment? Multiplier Multiplier effecteffect

8.8. Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside its Industries that provide goods and services to areas outside its center? center? Basic IndustriesBasic Industries

9.9. In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near the In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near the city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the relationship city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the relationship between land values and distance from city center? between land values and distance from city center? Bid-rent Bid-rent curve (usually convex – sharp decrease just inside city curve (usually convex – sharp decrease just inside city center, declines are lower in areas farther from the center as center, declines are lower in areas farther from the center as the curve flattens)the curve flattens)

1.1. F PageF Page: Spread of ideas or innovations from a point : Spread of ideas or innovations from a point of origin? of origin?

2.2. 2 Diffusion Types? 2 Diffusion Types? 3.3. 3 Types of E________ diffusion?3 Types of E________ diffusion?4.4. Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian

regions where two crops are grown on the same land regions where two crops are grown on the same land within the same year? within the same year?

5.5. # of years it take a population to double? # of years it take a population to double? 6.6. The permanently inhabited portion of the earth? The permanently inhabited portion of the earth? 7.7. Urban development section outside of a city – usually Urban development section outside of a city – usually

along transportation beltways – that is now self-along transportation beltways – that is now self-sufficient? sufficient?

8.8. A territory within & surrounded by a different state? A territory within & surrounded by a different state? 9.9. A territory outside of its state or surrounded by A territory outside of its state or surrounded by

another state?another state?

1.1. F:F: Spread of ideas or innovations from a point of origin? Spread of ideas or innovations from a point of origin? Diffusion Diffusion

2.2. 2 BasicTypes in ?#1?2 BasicTypes in ?#1? Expansion and Relocation Expansion and Relocation 3.3. 3 Types of 3 Types of ExpansionExpansion diffusion? diffusion? Contagious, Contagious,

stimulus, hierarchicalstimulus, hierarchical4.4. Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian regions Common agricultural practice in warmer Asian regions

where 2 crops are grown on the same land w/in the where 2 crops are grown on the same land w/in the same year? same year? Double croppingDouble cropping

5.5. Rate of natural increase divided into 70? Rate of natural increase divided into 70? Doubling timeDoubling time6.6. The permanently inhabited portion of the earth? The permanently inhabited portion of the earth?

EcumeneEcumene7.7. Urban development outside of a city – usually along Urban development outside of a city – usually along

transportation beltways – that is now self-sufficient? transportation beltways – that is now self-sufficient? Edge cityEdge city

8.8. A territory within and surrounded by a different state? A territory within and surrounded by a different state? EnclaveEnclave

9.9. A territory outside ofA territory outside of its state, separate from the main its state, separate from the main land area of the state? land area of the state? ExclaveExclave

1.1. G page:G page: 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that can be claimed for use of the water and sea bottom? can be claimed for use of the water and sea bottom?

2.2. Farming that requires a Farming that requires a large expanse of landlarge expanse of land & unit & unit per land area of production is low? per land area of production is low?

3.3. A culture group that is usually small in area & A culture group that is usually small in area & number & very slow to change? number & very slow to change?

4.4. Relocated capital city for desire to unify or promote Relocated capital city for desire to unify or promote growth? growth?

5.5. Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income inner Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income inner city neighborhoods? city neighborhoods?

6.6. Complex integrated computer programs for data Complex integrated computer programs for data management & display in map form & in layers? management & display in map form & in layers?

7.7. Rural or natural land sector around many European Rural or natural land sector around many European cities which limits urban growth? cities which limits urban growth?

1.1. G:G: 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that can be 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that can be claimed for use of the water and sea bottom? claimed for use of the water and sea bottom? Exclusive Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go to 350 nm if continental Economic zone (EEZ) (may go to 350 nm if continental shelf)shelf)

2.2. Farming that requires a Farming that requires a large expanse of landlarge expanse of land and unit and unit per land area of production is low? per land area of production is low? Extensive agricultureExtensive agriculture

3.3. A culture group that is usually small in area and number A culture group that is usually small in area and number and very slow to change? and very slow to change? Folk cultureFolk culture

4.4. A manufacturing activity that is free to locate where it wants A manufacturing activity that is free to locate where it wants to be? to be? Footloose industryFootloose industry

5.5. Relocated capital city for desire to unify or promote Relocated capital city for desire to unify or promote growth? growth? Forward Capital (or forward thrust capital)Forward Capital (or forward thrust capital)

6.6. Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income inner city Restoration of run-down dwelling in low-income inner city neighborhoods? neighborhoods? GentrificationGentrification

7.7. Complex integrated computer programs for data Complex integrated computer programs for data management and display in map form? management and display in map form? GISGIS

8.8. Rural or natural land sector around many European cities Rural or natural land sector around many European cities which limits urban growth? which limits urban growth? GreenbeltGreenbelt

1.1. H Page:H Page: Total value of goods & services produced Total value of goods & services produced within a country on a yearly basis divided by within a country on a yearly basis divided by population? population?

2.2. UN ranking of countries based on four measures of UN ranking of countries based on four measures of development? ___?__ And what are these 4 development? ___?__ And what are these 4 measures? ___?___measures? ___?___

3.3. Mechanisms that support business operations – Mechanisms that support business operations – such as roads, railroads, communication systems, such as roads, railroads, communication systems, water, sewer? water, sewer?

4.4. Part of the economy that is Part of the economy that is not reportednot reported to the to the government or taxed, often illegal? government or taxed, often illegal?

5.5. A country without any territory bordering an ocean? A country without any territory bordering an ocean? 6.6. Language used for communication – especially Language used for communication – especially

between peoples who speak different languages? between peoples who speak different languages? 7.7. Program to aid economic development Program to aid economic development without without

destruction of valuable natural resources? destruction of valuable natural resources?

1.1. H:H: Total value of gods and services produced within a Total value of gods and services produced within a country on a yearly basis divided by population? country on a yearly basis divided by population? GDP GDP per capitaper capita

2.2. UN ranking of countries based on four measures of UN ranking of countries based on four measures of development? development? Human Development Index (econ., Human Development Index (econ., politcal, demographic, social, )politcal, demographic, social, )

3.3. Mechanisms that support business operations – such as Mechanisms that support business operations – such as roads, railroads, communication systems, water, sewer? roads, railroads, communication systems, water, sewer? InfrastructureInfrastructure

4.4. Part of the economy that is Part of the economy that is not reportednot reported to the to the government or taxed, often illegal? government or taxed, often illegal? Informal sector Informal sector (EX: drugs/drug trafficking)(EX: drugs/drug trafficking)

5.5. A country without any territory bordering an ocean? A country without any territory bordering an ocean? landlockedlandlocked

6.6. Language used for communication – especially between Language used for communication – especially between peoples who speak different languages? peoples who speak different languages? Lingua francaLingua franca

7.7. Program to aid economic development Program to aid economic development without without destruction of valuable natural resources? destruction of valuable natural resources? Sustainable developmentSustainable development

1.1. i Pagei Page: Economic system that promoted accumulation : Economic system that promoted accumulation of wealth by encouraging exports and limiting imports? of wealth by encouraging exports and limiting imports?

2.2. A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent counties that have at least 50% of their population in counties that have at least 50% of their population in the metro area? the metro area?

3.3. A cohesive grouping of people who share a political A cohesive grouping of people who share a political unit? unit?

4.4. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a river or mountain range? river or mountain range?

5.5. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a few examples? eruptions are a few examples?

6.6. Economic dependency in former colonies despite Economic dependency in former colonies despite gaining political independence? gaining political independence?

7.7. Number of people divided by the land area? Number of people divided by the land area? 8.8. Manufacturing in US owned border factories in Mexico? Manufacturing in US owned border factories in Mexico? 9.9. Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher

elevations in the summer and valleys in winter? elevations in the summer and valleys in winter?

1.1. Pg i:Pg i: Economic system that promoted accumulation of Economic system that promoted accumulation of wealth by encouraging exports and limiting imports? wealth by encouraging exports and limiting imports? MercantilismMercantilism

2.2. A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent A city with more than 50,000 inhabitants and adjacent counties that have at least 50% of their pop. in the metro counties that have at least 50% of their pop. in the metro area? area? Metro. statis. areaMetro. statis. area

3.3. A cohesive grouping of people who share a political unit? A cohesive grouping of people who share a political unit? Nation-stateNation-state

4.4. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a river or Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a river or mountain range? mountain range? Natural boundaryNatural boundary

5.5. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a few examples? are a few examples? Natural hazardsNatural hazards

6.6. Econ. depend. in former colonies despite gaining polit. Econ. depend. in former colonies despite gaining polit. independence? independence? NeocolonialismNeocolonialism

7.7. Number of people divided by the land area? Number of people divided by the land area? Population Population densitydensity

8.8. Manufac. in US owned border factories in Mex.? Manufac. in US owned border factories in Mex.? MaquiladorasMaquiladoras

9.9. Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher elevations in Semi nomadic herders who take flocks to higher elevations in the summer and valleys in winter? the summer and valleys in winter? TranshumanceTranshumance

1.1. J Page:J Page: 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and Canada?Canada?

2.2. Particular business functions that are completed Particular business functions that are completed outside the organization (hired out)? outside the organization (hired out)?

3.3. Large business firms based in developed countries Large business firms based in developed countries that have established factories in other countries? that have established factories in other countries?

4.4. Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural grasslands? Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural grasslands? 5.5. Number of people per unit area of arable or cultivable Number of people per unit area of arable or cultivable

land? land? 6.6. Large scale commercial agricultural operations Large scale commercial agricultural operations

typically found in LDCs? typically found in LDCs? 7.7. View that humans have choices in the way they View that humans have choices in the way they

interact with their physical settings; the antithesis of interact with their physical settings; the antithesis of environmental determinism? environmental determinism?

8.8. Largest city in a country that is more than double the Largest city in a country that is more than double the size of the next largest city? size of the next largest city? Answers Answers

1.1. J:J: 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and Canada? 1993 Trade pact between Mexico, US and Canada? NAFTANAFTA

2.2. Particular business functions are completed outside the Particular business functions are completed outside the organization? organization? OutsourcingOutsourcing

3.3. Large business firms based in developed countries that Large business firms based in developed countries that have established factories in other countries? have established factories in other countries? Transnational corp.Transnational corp.’’s (aka multinational)s (aka multinational)

4.4. Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural grasslands? Grazing of sheep and cattle on natural grasslands? PastoralismPastoralism

5.5. Number of people per unit area of arable or cultivable Number of people per unit area of arable or cultivable land? land? Physiological densityPhysiological density

6.6. Large scale commercial agricultural operations typically Large scale commercial agricultural operations typically found in LDCs? found in LDCs? PlantationPlantation

7.7. View that humans have choices in the way they interact View that humans have choices in the way they interact with their physical settings; the antithesis of environmental with their physical settings; the antithesis of environmental determinism? determinism? PossibilismPossibilism

8.8. Largest city in a country that is more than double the size Largest city in a country that is more than double the size of the next largest city? of the next largest city? Primate cityPrimate city

1.1. Page KPage K:: In relation to migration, slavery would be a ____ In relation to migration, slavery would be a ____ factor and/or ____ migration.factor and/or ____ migration.

2.2. In migration, a good climate would be what kind of factor?In migration, a good climate would be what kind of factor?3.3. A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders

migration is an example of ___?___migration is an example of ___?___4.4. 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?5.5. A system for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map A system for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map

is is 6.6. The name given to a portion of EarthThe name given to a portion of Earth’’s surface is known as s surface is known as 7.7. The International Date Line is measured at _?_degrees. Is it The International Date Line is measured at _?_degrees. Is it

latitude or longitude?latitude or longitude?8.8. Number of movements from Place A to Place C is reduced by Number of movements from Place A to Place C is reduced by

the existence of Place B which is closer to A? the existence of Place B which is closer to A? 9.9. Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another

country? EX would be Cyprus…Taiwan…Kashmir country? EX would be Cyprus…Taiwan…Kashmir 10.10. A type of map where lines connect places with equal data A type of map where lines connect places with equal data

values (such as elevation, temperature)? values (such as elevation, temperature)? 11.11. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial

waters when two countries are closer than 400 nm? waters when two countries are closer than 400 nm?

1.1. K:K::: In relation to migration, slavery would be a _____factor and/or In relation to migration, slavery would be a _____factor and/or ____ migration. ____ migration. Pull….forcedPull….forced

2.2. In migration, a good climate would be what kind of factor? In migration, a good climate would be what kind of factor? Pull/voluntaryPull/voluntary

3.3. A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of ____? migration is an example of ____? Intervening obstacleIntervening obstacle

4.4. 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale? 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale? Fractional (ratio)Fractional (ratio)5.5. A system for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is __? A system for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is __?

projectionprojection6.6. The name given to a portion of EarthThe name given to a portion of Earth’’s surface is known as a___? s surface is known as a___?

toponymtoponym7.7. The International Date Line is measured at The International Date Line is measured at 180180 degrees. Is it degrees. Is it

latitude or longitude? latitude or longitude? longitudelongitude8.8. Number of movements from Place A to Place C is reduced by the Number of movements from Place A to Place C is reduced by the

existence of Place B which is closer to A? existence of Place B which is closer to A? intervening intervening opportunityopportunity

9.9. Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another country? country? IrredentismIrredentism

10.10. A type of map where lines connect places with equal data values A type of map where lines connect places with equal data values (such as elevation, temperature)? (such as elevation, temperature)? Isoline mapsIsoline maps

11.11. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial waters Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial waters when two countries are closer than 400 nm? when two countries are closer than 400 nm? Medial line principleMedial line principle

1.1. Page L:Page L: What are the other 2 acceptable terms for a What are the other 2 acceptable terms for a formal region?formal region?

2.2. Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion?Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion?3.3. Culture combines what 3 fundamental elements?Culture combines what 3 fundamental elements?4.4. A cultural groupA cultural group’’s 3 main values/beliefs?s 3 main values/beliefs?5.5. The idea that deals the reduction in time it takes for The idea that deals the reduction in time it takes for

something or someone to reach another place?something or someone to reach another place?6.6. The world's The world's 5 5 largest concentrations of people in order? largest concentrations of people in order? 7.7. The number of people per area of arable land?The number of people per area of arable land?8.8. Why did Europe & N. America go from Stage 1 to Stage 2?Why did Europe & N. America go from Stage 1 to Stage 2?9.9. Why did Africa, Latin Amer., & Asia go from Stg 1 to Stg 2?Why did Africa, Latin Amer., & Asia go from Stg 1 to Stg 2?10.10. The process of legally adding land area to a city in the US The process of legally adding land area to a city in the US

is ____. is ____. 11.11. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the ____.The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the ____.12.12. The largest type of urbanized area is _____The largest type of urbanized area is _____

1.1. Page LPage L:: What are the other 2 acceptable terms for a formal What are the other 2 acceptable terms for a formal region? region? Homogeneous & uniformHomogeneous & uniform

2.2. Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion? Diffusion of AIDS is an EX: of which type of diffusion? relocationrelocation

3.3. 3 fundamental elements of culture? 3 fundamental elements of culture? Values, material artifacts, Values, material artifacts, political institutionspolitical institutions

4.4. A cultural groupA cultural group’’s 3 main values/beliefs? s 3 main values/beliefs? Language, religion, Language, religion, ethnicityethnicity

5.5. The idea that deals the reduction in time it takes for something The idea that deals the reduction in time it takes for something or someone to reach another place? or someone to reach another place? Space/time compressionSpace/time compression

6.6. The world's The world's 5 5 largest concentrations of people in order? largest concentrations of people in order? E.Asia, E.Asia, S.Asia, W.Europe, SE Asia, NE North Amer.S.Asia, W.Europe, SE Asia, NE North Amer.

7.7. The number of people per area of arable land? The number of people per area of arable land? Physiological Physiological densitydensity

8.8. Why did Eur. & N. Amer. go from Stage 1 to Stage 2? Why did Eur. & N. Amer. go from Stage 1 to Stage 2? Industrial Industrial revolurevolu..

9.9. Why Africa, Latin Am., & Asia from Stg 1 to Stg 2? Why Africa, Latin Am., & Asia from Stg 1 to Stg 2? Medical rev.Medical rev.10.10. The process of legally adding land area to a city in the US is The process of legally adding land area to a city in the US is

____. ____. annexationannexation11.11. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the ____. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is the ____.

Urbanized areaUrbanized area12.12. The largest type of urbanized area is _____ . The largest type of urbanized area is _____ . megalopolismegalopolis

1.1. Page M:Page M: The circulation area of a newspaper is The circulation area of a newspaper is an example of what kind of region? an example of what kind of region?

2.2. The currently The currently approximateapproximate world annual natural world annual natural increase rate?increase rate?

3.3. 2 areas of the world with the highest TFR2 areas of the world with the highest TFR’’s? s? 4.4. Area of the world w/ lowest TFRArea of the world w/ lowest TFR’’s?s?5.5. Why did MalthusWhy did Malthus’’ predictions not come true? predictions not come true?6.6. Neo-Malthusians say what?Neo-Malthusians say what?7.7. The The mostmost important pull factor for migrants to important pull factor for migrants to

North America ?North America ?8.8. The most important obstacle to emigration from The most important obstacle to emigration from

Eastern Europe during the past 50 years?Eastern Europe during the past 50 years?9.9. Who are the boat people? (from where to where & Who are the boat people? (from where to where &

when?)when?)10.10. 3 periods of large increase in UN membership? 3 periods of large increase in UN membership?

1.1. Page M:Page M: The circulation area of a newspaper is an example of The circulation area of a newspaper is an example of what kind of region? what kind of region? FunctionalFunctional

2.2. Currently Currently approximateapproximate world annual NIR? world annual NIR? 1.4%1.4%3.3. 2 areas of the world with the highest TFR2 areas of the world with the highest TFR’’s? Africa & the s? Africa & the

Middle East (W. Asia) Middle East (W. Asia) 4.4. Area of the world w/ lowest TFRArea of the world w/ lowest TFR’’s? s? N-W EuropeN-W Europe5.5. Why did MalthusWhy did Malthus’’ predictions not come true? predictions not come true? Growth of Growth of

technology (Indus. Rev.) increased food production & let to technology (Indus. Rev.) increased food production & let to lower pop. in areas of increasing pop. (MDClower pop. in areas of increasing pop. (MDC’’s)s)

6.6. Neo-Malthusians say what? Neo-Malthusians say what? Struggle will be for more than Struggle will be for more than just food; are enough resources, just not distributed evenlyjust food; are enough resources, just not distributed evenly

7.7. The The mostmost important pull factor for migrants to North America ? important pull factor for migrants to North America ? Econ opportunityEcon opportunity

8.8. The most important obstacle to emigration from Eastern Europe The most important obstacle to emigration from Eastern Europe during the past 50-60 years? during the past 50-60 years? Communism (USSR, E. Europe, Communism (USSR, E. Europe, China, N. Korea)China, N. Korea)

9.9. Who are the boat people? (from where to where & when?) Who are the boat people? (from where to where & when?) Vietnam; late 70Vietnam; late 70’’s- early 80s- early 80’’ss

10.10. 3 periods of large increase in UN membership? 3 periods of large increase in UN membership? Late 1940Late 1940’’s s (after WWII); 60(after WWII); 60’’s-70s-70’’s (Africa/Asia out of colonialism); 90s (Africa/Asia out of colonialism); 90’’s s (fall of communism)(fall of communism)

Page NPage N• Political Political reasons for migrating falls under which type of push reasons for migrating falls under which type of push

factor?factor?• A man and his family migrate to the USA in A man and his family migrate to the USA in 19101910. He. He’’s most s most

likely from which country? China, Mexico, Poland, Swedenlikely from which country? China, Mexico, Poland, Sweden• Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came

from where? from where? • Most migrants to the USA since the 1980s have come from Most migrants to the USA since the 1980s have come from

where ?where ?• Main reason migration to the USA decline during the 1920Main reason migration to the USA decline during the 1920’’s?s?• What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help

undocumented Mexicans immigrate?undocumented Mexicans immigrate?• The largest interregional migration in the USA of African-The largest interregional migration in the USA of African-

Americans was the ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____Americans was the ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____• In a ____ government, power is located centrally, & decisions In a ____ government, power is located centrally, & decisions

come from the central govt.come from the central govt.• In a ____ government, power is more diffused among regions In a ____ government, power is more diffused among regions

and/or ethnicitiesand/or ethnicities• 5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council?5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council?

Page N:Page N: • Political Political reasons for migrating falls under reasons for migrating falls under culturalcultural push factors push factors • A man and his family migrate to the USA in A man and his family migrate to the USA in 19101910. He is most likely . He is most likely

from which of these 4?… from which of these 4?… Poland Poland • Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came from Most migrants to the USA during the 1960s & 1970s came from

where? where? Asia (India, China, Vietnam)Asia (India, China, Vietnam)• Most migrants to the United States since the 1980s have come Most migrants to the United States since the 1980s have come

from where ? from where ? Latin America, especially MexicoLatin America, especially Mexico• Main reason migration to the USA decline during the 1920Main reason migration to the USA decline during the 1920’’s? s?

Quota laws of 1921 & 1924 limiting ethnicity of migrantsQuota laws of 1921 & 1924 limiting ethnicity of migrants• What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help undocumented What are 2 terms for someone who is paid to help undocumented

Mexicans immigrate? Mexicans immigrate? Pollero, coyotePollero, coyote• The largest interregional migration in the USA of African-Americans The largest interregional migration in the USA of African-Americans

was the ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____ was the ____ in ___ & it moved ____ to ____ Great Migration…1920Great Migration…1920’’s-30s-30’’s; south to norths; south to north

• In a ____ government, power is located centrally, & decisions In a ____ government, power is located centrally, & decisions come from the central govt. come from the central govt. unitaryunitary

• In a __government, power is more diffused among regions and/or In a __government, power is more diffused among regions and/or ethnicities ethnicities federalfederal

• 5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council? 5 Permanent members of the UN Security Council? USA, Russia, China, France, UKUSA, Russia, China, France, UK

Page O:Page O:1. In 191. In 19thth & most of 20 & most of 20thth century: most prominent (most century: most prominent (most

common) type of intraregional migration worldwide?common) type of intraregional migration worldwide?

2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major world 2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major world religions?religions?

3. In 13. In 1stst half of the 20 half of the 20thth century: which below helped make it century: which below helped make it easier easier (facilitated)(facilitated) the transportation of beef to global the transportation of beef to global markets? markets?

canning refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed railwayscanning refrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed railways

4. Name 2 countries which have a majority population of 4. Name 2 countries which have a majority population of Shiite Muslims.Shiite Muslims.

5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority Eastern 5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority Eastern Orthodoxy.Orthodoxy.

6. Which industry below will locate closer to raw materials?6. Which industry below will locate closer to raw materials?

soft-drink bottler brewers nickel smelting soft-drink bottler brewers nickel smelting

baking auto mfg.baking auto mfg.

Page O:Page O:1. In 191. In 19thth & most of 20 & most of 20thth century: most prominent (most century: most prominent (most common) type of intraregional migration worldwide? common) type of intraregional migration worldwide? Rural to urbanRural to urban2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major world religions?2. World region that is the hearth for 3 of major world religions? SW Asia or Mid-EastSW Asia or Mid-East3. In 13. In 1stst half of the 20 half of the 20thth century: which below helped make it century: which below helped make it

easier easier (facilitated)(facilitated) the transportation of beef to global the transportation of beef to global markets? markets?

canning canning refrigerated shipsrefrigerated ships airplanes hi-speed railways airplanes hi-speed railways4. Name 2 countries which have a majority population of Shiite 4. Name 2 countries which have a majority population of Shiite

Muslims. Iran & IraqMuslims. Iran & Iraq5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority Eastern 5. Name at least 3 countries which are majority Eastern

Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy. Greece, Russ., Ukraine, Georgia, Greece, Russ., Ukraine, Georgia, 6. Which industry below will locate closer to raw materials?6. Which industry below will locate closer to raw materials? soft-drink bottler brewers soft-drink bottler brewers nickel smelting nickel smelting baking auto mfg.baking auto mfg.

Page P:Page P: Contagious Diffusion Cultural Ecology Culture Contagious Diffusion Cultural Ecology Culture Density Diffusion Distance Decay 3 main cultural valuesDensity Diffusion Distance Decay 3 main cultural values

1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the 1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population; process that causes expansion diffusion or the spread population; process that causes expansion diffusion or the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (gets gets bigger as it rolls along…).bigger as it rolls along…).

2. The geographic study of human-environment relationships; 2. The geographic study of human-environment relationships; relationship between culture & environment; Important to relationship between culture & environment; Important to geographers in constructing regionsgeographers in constructing regions

3. The body of 3. The body of customary beliefs. material traits, and social formscustomary beliefs. material traits, and social forms that that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from the together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from the Latin word Latin word cultus; cultus; 3 main parts: language, religion, & ethnicity3 main parts: language, religion, & ethnicity

4. The frequency with which something occurs in space; feature being 4. The frequency with which something occurs in space; feature being measured could be people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or etcetera. measured could be people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other (anything) measured in sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of area.unit of area.

5. The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one 5. The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time; (b/c of communication technology, new place to another over time; (b/c of communication technology, new ideas in one place diffuse quickly to others)ideas in one place diffuse quickly to others)

6. Ppl in more than one region may improve & modify an idea at the 6. Ppl in more than one region may improve & modify an idea at the same time but in different wayssame time but in different ways

7. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/ increasing distance & 7. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/ increasing distance & eventually disappears.eventually disappears.

Page P: (Rough...need to edit!!!)(Page P: (Rough...need to edit!!!)(1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the 1. Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the

population; process that causes expansion diffusion or the spread population; process that causes expansion diffusion or the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (gets gets bigger as it rolls along…). bigger as it rolls along…). Contagious Diffusion Contagious Diffusion

2. 2. The geographic study of human-environment relationships; The geographic study of human-environment relationships; relationship between culture & environment; Important to relationship between culture & environment; Important to geographers in constructing regionsgeographers in constructing regions Cultural Ecology Cultural Ecology

3. The body of 3. The body of customary beliefs. material traits, and social formscustomary beliefs. material traits, and social forms that that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from the together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of ppl, from the Latin word Latin word cultus; cultus; Culture Culture

4. main parts: language, religion, & ethnicity 4. main parts: language, religion, & ethnicity 3 main cultural values3 main cultural values 4. 4. The frequency with which something occurs in space; feature being The frequency with which something occurs in space; feature being measured could be people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or etcetera. measured could be people, houses, cars, volcanoes, or etcetera. (anything) measured in sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other (anything) measured in sq. km., sq. mi., hectares, acres, or other unit of area. unit of area. Density Density

5. The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one 5. The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time; (b/c of communication technology, new place to another over time; (b/c of communication technology, new ideas in one place diffuse quickly to others) ideas in one place diffuse quickly to others) Diffusion Diffusion

Ppl in more than one region may improve & modify an idea at the Ppl in more than one region may improve & modify an idea at the same time but in different wayssame time but in different ways

6. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/ increasing distance & 6. Phenomenon in which contact diminished w/ increasing distance & eventually disappears. eventually disappears. Distance Decay Distance Decay

ShatterbeltShatterbelt

Shatter beltShatter belt - "a region caught between stronger - "a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, & often fragmented by aggressive persistent stress, & often fragmented by aggressive rivals."rivals."Area hit often with outside conflicts and stressesArea hit often with outside conflicts and stressesIt has also played the role of a cold war buffer zone.It has also played the role of a cold war buffer zone.EX: EX: Southeast Asia: Southeast Asia: borders the "giants" of India and borders the "giants" of India and China. One country of the realm, Myanmar, borders China. One country of the realm, Myanmar, borders both. To the east, the island State of Indonesia both. To the east, the island State of Indonesia controls the western half of the island of New Guinea, controls the western half of the island of New Guinea, yet the whole island is included in the pacific realm.yet the whole island is included in the pacific realm.Another EXAnother EX: Eastern Europe: often invaded, cultural : Eastern Europe: often invaded, cultural differencesdifferences

Terms NOT in our book….Terms NOT in our book….

1. two-pronged, from 1. two-pronged, from 2 + 2 + fork fork: to cause to divide into 2 branches or : to cause to divide into 2 branches or parts, to divide into 2 branches or parts you can parts, to divide into 2 branches or parts you can ________ rivers, rivers, states, regions, govstates, regions, gov’’ts. ts. bifurcatebifurcate

2. Spread of birth control: 2. Spread of birth control: diffusion of fertility controldiffusion of fertility control 3. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a river or 3. Boundary that follows a geological feature, such as a river or

mountain range? mountain range? Natural boundaryNatural boundary4. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a 4. Floods, hurricanes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions are a

few examples? few examples? Natural hazardsNatural hazards5. Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another country? 5. Area of land under foreign control that is claimed by another country?

IrredentismIrredentism6. 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that can be claimed for use of 6. 200 nautical miles from a coastal state that can be claimed for use of

the water and sea bottom? the water and sea bottom? Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) (may go to 350 nm if continental shelf)(may go to 350 nm if continental shelf)

7. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial waters when 7. Provision of UNCLOS that allows for division of territorial waters when two countries are closer than 400 nm? two countries are closer than 400 nm? medial line principlemedial line principle

8. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated economy? 8. Shift from manufacturing jobs to a service dominated economy? Deindustrializtion (postindustrial economyDeindustrializtion (postindustrial economy

9. The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio between 9. The measure of the increase in total jobs based on the ratio between basic employment and total employment? basic employment and total employment? Multiplier effectMultiplier effect

10. Streets & roads in urban areas that wander…are NOT grid patterns, 10. Streets & roads in urban areas that wander…are NOT grid patterns, like older pre-colonial cities like older pre-colonial cities dentriticdentritic

1. In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near the 1. In an urban setting, the highest land values are found near the city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the relationship city center (or CBD). What is the expression of the relationship between land values and distance from city center? between land values and distance from city center? Bid-rent Bid-rent curve (usually convex – sharp cost decrease just inside curve (usually convex – sharp cost decrease just inside city center, declines are lower in areas farther from the city center, declines are lower in areas farther from the center as the curve flattens)center as the curve flattens)

2. A concept that states than an area will specialize in the 2. A concept that states than an area will specialize in the production of items for which it has the greatest economic production of items for which it has the greatest economic advantage over other areas? advantage over other areas? Comparative advantageComparative advantage

3. Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how 3. Another name for the Neolithic Revolution? __?__ About how long ago? __? __ long ago? __? __ 11stst agric. Revolution agric. Revolution … …

4. The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water produce? 4. The practice of raising& harvesting fish & other water produce? aquacultureaquaculture

5. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? 5. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore? 4 dragons 4 dragons or 4 tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigersor 4 tigers…or 4 Asian dragons/tigers

6. Division of a region or country into smaller administrative units, 6. Division of a region or country into smaller administrative units, usually along ethnic lines? usually along ethnic lines? Devolution ...or BalkanizationDevolution ...or Balkanization

ID each personID each person’’s/event contribution: s/event contribution:

Rostow Rostow Hoyt Hoyt ChristallerChristaller BurgessBurgessRavenstein Ravenstein Hecateus: Hecateus: Von Thunen Von Thunen Mackinder & SpykmanMackinder & SpykmanMalthus Malthus Zelinsky: Zelinsky: Harris & UllmanHarris & UllmanCarter/Begin/Sadat: Carter/Begin/Sadat: Samuel Slater Samuel Slater Karl Marx & F. Engels Karl Marx & F. Engels Dalai Lama: Dalai Lama: Siddhartha: Siddhartha: Joseph Smith: Joseph Smith: Plessy vs. FergusonPlessy vs. Ferguson Jakob Ammam: Jakob Ammam: Aristotle: Aristotle:

RostowRostow (model) 5 things needed for inter. trade: (model) 5 things needed for inter. trade: Christaller:Christaller: Central place theory Central place theory RavensteinRavenstein (11 laws of migration: who migrates & why) (11 laws of migration: who migrates & why)Von ThunenVon Thunen (model) agric. & distance to city (transpor./land cost) (model) agric. & distance to city (transpor./land cost)MalthusMalthus food = arithme. & people = geomet/exponential food = arithme. & people = geomet/exponentialZelinsky: Zelinsky: (Demog.trans/migra:2(Demog.trans/migra:2’’s migrate 1s migrate 1’’s stay 2s stay 2’’s to 3 & 4)s to 3 & 4)Nicholas AppertNicholas Appert: canning 1801: canning 1801Carter/Begin/Sadat:Carter/Begin/Sadat: Camp David Accords (Sinai to Egy.) Camp David Accords (Sinai to Egy.)S. SlaterS. Slater brought textiles to US (late about 1800) in New Engl. brought textiles to US (late about 1800) in New Engl.Karl Marx & F. EngelsKarl Marx & F. Engels developed communist theory developed communist theoryDalai LamaDalai Lama: Tibetan religious leader (former state also: Tibetan religious leader (former state alsoSiddharthaSiddhartha: Indian prince who became The Buddha…thru : Indian prince who became The Buddha…thru ““middle waymiddle way””Joseph SmithJoseph Smith: Founder of Mormonism: Founder of MormonismPlessy vs. FergusonPlessy vs. Ferguson US court case: separation of races US court case: separation of races Jakob AmmamJakob Ammam: Moravian leader, led grp to US; Amish: Moravian leader, led grp to US; AmishAristotleAristotle: wrld. = round 3 pieces of evidence…: wrld. = round 3 pieces of evidence…Hecateus:Hecateus: Gk. 1 Gk. 1stst geography bk geography bkHoyt (Hoyt (ch. 13) developed sector model lo/hi class areasch. 13) developed sector model lo/hi class areasBurgess:Burgess: developed concentric model for urban areas developed concentric model for urban areasMacKinder & SpykmanMacKinder & Spykman: M: Heartland Theory S: Rimland Theory: M: Heartland Theory S: Rimland TheoryHoyt:Hoyt: Sector urban model Sector urban modelHarris & UllmanHarris & Ullman: Multiple Nuclei Urban model.: Multiple Nuclei Urban model.

These models These models show WHAT?show WHAT?

Which is whichWhich is which

model?model?

What does this model show? What point is it trying to What does this model show? What point is it trying to make?make?

Added termsAdded terms: : Special Economic ZoneSpecial Economic Zone ( (SEZSEZ’’ss): ): ““Open CitiesOpen Cities”” ““Open Coastal Open Coastal

ZonesZones”” areas that encourage international investment & trade areas that encourage international investment & trade despite political differences… BEST EX: China…Shanghaidespite political differences… BEST EX: China…Shanghai

EEZ (exclusive econ. Zone): UNCLOSEEZ (exclusive econ. Zone): UNCLOSEntrepot:Entrepot: City that is primarily just a port area w/o econ. Activity of City that is primarily just a port area w/o econ. Activity of

its own; Singapore WAS this way about 40 yrs. ago…but has its own; Singapore WAS this way about 40 yrs. ago…but has changed to industry, etc., as an changed to industry, etc., as an ““Asian TigerAsian Tiger””

Shatter beltShatter belt: : area(s) caught between 2 more powerful groups who area(s) caught between 2 more powerful groups who oppose each other.oppose each other.

Can be cultural (like linguistic) or political (democratic vs. Can be cultural (like linguistic) or political (democratic vs. communistic) communistic)

-- "a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural--- "a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, & often fragmented by political forces, under persistent stress, & often fragmented by aggressive rivals.aggressive rivals.““

EX: E. Europe played the role of a cold war buffer zone.EX: E. Europe played the role of a cold war buffer zone.Also: SE Asia borders the "giants" of India & China. Also: SE Asia borders the "giants" of India & China. One country in that area, Myanmar, borders both. One country in that area, Myanmar, borders both. To the east, the island State of Indonesia controls the western half To the east, the island State of Indonesia controls the western half

of the island of New Guinea, yet the whole island is included in of the island of New Guinea, yet the whole island is included in the pacific realmthe pacific realm

HeartlandHeartland (H. MacKinder) vs. (H. MacKinder) vs. Rimland Rimland (N. Spykman) Theory of (N. Spykman) Theory of Geopolitics:Geopolitics:

1904, 1904, Halford MackinderHalford Mackinder published a theory RE: published a theory RE: political strength in political strength in EurasiaEurasia…analyzed the strengths & weaknesses of the regions …analyzed the strengths & weaknesses of the regions

Concluded the Russian Core & areas east of the core had potential to Concluded the Russian Core & areas east of the core had potential to become a world power. become a world power.

1919: revised his theory to include E. Europe & the theory became 1919: revised his theory to include E. Europe & the theory became known as known as Mackinder's Heartland TheoryMackinder's Heartland Theory. .

Basically stated: Basically stated: - Who rules East Europe commands the heartland. - Who rules East Europe commands the heartland. - Who rules - Who rules heartlandheartland commands the World Island (Eurasia & Africa) commands the World Island (Eurasia & Africa)

- Who rules the World Island commands the World. - Who rules the World Island commands the World. 1942, 1942, Nicholas SpykmanNicholas Spykman:: countered Mackinder's Heartland Theory. countered Mackinder's Heartland Theory.

Spykman stated Spykman stated that Eurasia's Rimlandthat Eurasia's Rimland, the coastal areas or buffer , the coastal areas or buffer zone, zone, is the keyis the key to controlling the World Island, to controlling the World Island, not the heartland. not the heartland.

Spykman's book, "America's Strategy in World Politics" was published Spykman's book, "America's Strategy in World Politics" was published during World War II dealt w/ political & military strength of the USA at during World War II dealt w/ political & military strength of the USA at that time. that time.

Today we look at the Rimland in terms of its economic strength & Today we look at the Rimland in terms of its economic strength & potentialpotential, , but the book dealt w/ primarily military intervention, but the book dealt w/ primarily military intervention, control & conquest of the Old World. control & conquest of the Old World.

enclave & exclave (see next slide): enclave & exclave (see next slide):

1) enclave: an area surrounded by an area 1) enclave: an area surrounded by an area that does not rule it. that does not rule it.

EXEX’’s: Vatican City; Lesotho; Gambia s: Vatican City; Lesotho; Gambia (actually (actually a penne-enclave b/c it has a small outlet to the a penne-enclave b/c it has a small outlet to the sea)sea): :

2) exclaves: parts of a national territory 2) exclaves: parts of a national territory separated from the main body of the countryseparated from the main body of the country

EXEX’’s: Alaska; Kaliningrad (part of Russia but s: Alaska; Kaliningrad (part of Russia but on Baltic Sea); former E. Pakistan, separated on Baltic Sea); former E. Pakistan, separated from W. Pakistanfrom W. Pakistan

EnclavesEnclaves Exclaves Exclaves

Region outlinesRegion outlines: Tell about each:: Tell about each:Countries ? Where Ethnicities? Neighbors? Countries ? Where Ethnicities? Neighbors?

Religions? Languages?Religions? Languages?

Shapes of states? Name each?Shapes of states? Name each?GeomorphologyGeomorphology

Peninsulas? Bodies of water? Islands? Peninsulas? Bodies of water? Islands? States? Regions?States? Regions? Religions? Religions?

EthnicitiesEthnicities

EuropeanEuropean

RiversRivers

Regions Ethnicities?Regions Ethnicities? Religions?Religions?

Region? ID countries? Religions?Region? ID countries? Religions?

Region?Region?

ID countries? ID countries? Religions?Religions?

Region? ID countries? Religions?Region? ID countries? Religions?

Region? ID countries? Religions?Region? ID countries? Religions?

ID the following (who, what, when, where?):ID the following (who, what, when, where?):1.1. NATO 16. SEZNATO 16. SEZ’’ss2.2. UNUN 17. EEZ 17. EEZ3.3. Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact 18. Benelux 18. Benelux4.4. CMSACMSA’’ss5.5. OPECOPEC6.6. EUEU7.7. COMECONCOMECON8.8. BRPBRP9.9. CDRCDR10.10. NIRNIR11.11. TFRTFR12.12. IMRIMR13.13. CBRCBR14.14. GDP/GNPGDP/GNP15.15. CBDCBD

Religions:Religions: Which Which

relates to relates to what what

religion, religion, branch, or branch, or

denominatiodenomination?n?

Ramadan Ramadan

Eight-fold Path Eight-fold Path

Caste system 4 Noble TruthsCaste system 4 Noble Truths

5 Pillars5 Pillars

Main in Greece & RussiaMain in Greece & Russia

Gurus Imam PatriarchGurus Imam Patriarch

Deities: Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu Deities: Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu

Krishna (hero)Krishna (hero) MaMa’’kah (Mecca)kah (Mecca)

White cows are sacred (2)White cows are sacred (2)

HajjHajj Swastika Swastika

Lotus is a symbol (2)Lotus is a symbol (2)

MandelaMandela KabbahKabbah

Bible Torah Vedas QuBible Torah Vedas Qu’’ranran ((KoranKoran))

NAME NAME that that

symbol!symbol!

Symbols of Symbols of 14 religions 14 religions Clockwise Clockwise from N. Pole: from N. Pole: Baha'i Baha'i Buddhism Buddhism Christianity Christianity ConfucianismConfucianism Hinduism Hinduism Islam Islam Jainism Jainism Judaism Judaism Shinto Shinto SikhismSikhism TaoismTaoism WiccaWicca ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism DruidismDruidism

Religious Religious Symbols:Symbols:Can you Can you

name name these these now?now?

ID religionID religion

Some good discussion ?Some good discussion ?’’s:s:1.1. Explain demographic transition model.Explain demographic transition model.2.2. Which of the sections of the demographic Which of the sections of the demographic

transition model countries are most likely to transition model countries are most likely to migrate & WHY?migrate & WHY?

3.3. Explain the differences between the major Explain the differences between the major aspects of folk culture & popular cultureaspects of folk culture & popular culture

4.4. *In order of *In order of less specificless specific to to most specificmost specific, , organize each of these terms in regards to organize each of these terms in regards to languages…and languages…and give Englishgive English’’s category for s category for each:each:

a) branch b) family c) group d) subgroupa) branch b) family c) group d) subgroup

1.1. Explain in detailExplain in detail why Sub-Saharan African countries why Sub-Saharan African countries have so many problems with development.have so many problems with development.

2.2. Discuss the evolution of the modern concept of the Discuss the evolution of the modern concept of the state. state.

3. A) Women & development: What is the GDI and how 3. A) Women & development: What is the GDI and how does it affect the development level of a state?does it affect the development level of a state?

B) What are some of the negative aspects of B) What are some of the negative aspects of globalization on women in LDCglobalization on women in LDC’’s?s?

C) What are some of the positive aspects in LDCC) What are some of the positive aspects in LDC’’s? s?

Colonial Colonial Powers Powers in Africain Africa