Influenza Transmission and Personal Protective Respiratory Equipment

8/3/2019 Influenza Transmission and Personal Protective Respiratory Equipment

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8/63


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njta catabl}ac tjwflqp }bjkp sl nab} ifkfifa sna najbsn" pl`fjb jkc a`lklif`

`lkpazqakàp ld pq`n jk ataks+ Fk sna `lksa~s ld q}cjsfke sna @jkjcfjk ]jkcaif`

Fkdbqakj ]bjk dlw sna Najbsn Pa`slw" sna ]qgbf Najbsn Jeak`v ld @jkjcj jphac

sna @lqk`fb ld @jkjcfjk J`jcaifap sl j}}lfks jk fkca}akcaks a~}aws }jkab sl

jppapp sna `qwwaks p`fakà snjs fp wabatjks sl sna dlbblufke zqapsflkp?

j& Nlu jkc unawa jwa pajplkjb fkdbqakj jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj swjkpifssac

gjpac lk a~fpsfke watfaup" lw unawa kaacac" lwfefkjb bfsawjsqwa eakawjsac dwli

pajplkjb fkdbqakj lqsgwajhp jkc dwli }watflqp }jkcaif`p):6:6" `jqpfke jk apsfijsac 3= ifbbflk lw ilwa cajsnp ulwbcufca .Olnkplk"

7==7&8 Jpfjk fkdbqakj fk :615):61> .jglqs :+1 ifbbflk cajsnp ulwbcufca&8 jkc

Nlke Hlke fkdbqakj fk :64>):646 .jglqs lka ifbbflk cajsnp ulwbcufca&+

Fs fp fi}lppfgba sl }wacf`s unawa jkc unak sna ka~s }jkcaif` ifens l``qw lw

nlu tfwqbaks sna tfwqp ufbb ga+ Fk bfens ld sna bfhabfnllc ld jklsnaw }jkcaif`"

eltawkiaksp jkc fksawkjsflkjb glcfap njta catabl}ac tjwflqp }bjkp sl nab}

ifkfifa sna najbsn" pl`fjb jkc a`lklif` `lkpazqakàp ld pq`n jk ataks+

Sna kjsqwa ld }jkcaif` fkdbqakj iajkp snjs }bjkkfke jkc wap}lkpa addlwsp kaac

sl ga `llwcfkjsac lk bl`jb" kjsflkjb jkc fksawkjsflkjb batabp+ Ijkv `lqkswfap njta

jbwajcv catabl}ac wa`liiakcjsflkp lw }lbf`fap dlw }qgbf` najbsn iajpqwap fk`bqcfkesna qpa ld }awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks" gv glsn najbsn`jwa ulwhawp jkc sna

eakawjb }qgbf`" cqwfke j }jkcaif`+3

Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà 6

0 Fk snfp wa}lws" fkdbqakj wadawp a~ bqpftabv sl sna nqijk dlwi ld fkdbqakj qkbapp lsnawufpa klsac+

3 Jkka~ G fk`bqcap wadawakàp jkc bfkhp sl cl`qiaksp `lksjfkfke lddf fjb wa`liiakcjsflkp jkc

}lbf`fap dwli tjwflqp kjsflkjb jkc fksawkjsflkjb glcfap lk ijssawp wabatjks sl sna swjkpifppflk ld

fkdbqakj jkc }awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks+


17/63

SAWIP LD WADAWAK@A

Sna ]qgbf` Najbsn Jeak`v ld @jkjcj .]NJ@& njp gaak ulwhfke ufsn dacawjb

ca}jwsiaksp jkc }wltfk`fjb jkc sawwfslwfjb eltawkiaksp sl catabl} adda`sfta

}jkcaif` }wa}jwackapp pswjsaefap dlw glsn sna eakawjb }qgbf` jkc sna najbsn`jwa

`liiqkfsfap+ Fk }jwsf`qbjw" ]NJ@ njp catabl}ac sna @jkjcfjk ]jkcaif`

Fkdbqakj ]bjk dlw sna Najbsn Pa`slw unf`n ij}p lqs nlu @jkjcj fp }wa}jwfke dlw"

jkc }bjkp sl wap}lkc sl" }jkcaif` fkdbqakj+ Snawa jwa" nluataw" ijkv `njbbakeap

fk }bjkkfke cqa sl ej}p fk p`faksfdf` hklubacea jkc qkcawpsjkcfke+

Fk Dagwqjwv 7==5" ]NJ@ `njweac sna dlbblufke zqapsflkp sl sna @lqk`fb ld

@jkjcfjk J`jcaifap?

j& Nlu1 jkc unawa4 jwa pajplkjb fkdbqakj jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj swjkpifssac

gjpac lk a~fpsfke watfaup" lw unawa kaacac" lwfefkjb bfsawjsqwa5 eakawjsac dwli

pajplkjb fkdbqakj lqsgwajhp jkc dwli }watflqp }jkcaif`p< jkc

g& Gjpac lk sna `lk`bqpflkp ld snfp watfau" unjs fp vlqw jppappiaks ld sna

`lkswfgqsflk snjs K61 wap}fwjslwp lw pqwef`jb ijphp ufbb ijha sl sna }wataksflk

ld swjkpifppflk> ld pajplkjb jkc }jkcaif` fkdbqakj7&+ Snawa fp" nluataw"

j``qiqbjsfke atfcakà snjs" unfba sna wfph ld j`zqfpfsflk ld wap}fwjslwv }jsnleakp

ca`wajpap ufsn fk`wajpfke cfpsjkà" swjkpifppflk ld fkda`sflk j`wlpp cfpsjkàp ld

ewajsaw snjk lka iaswa ijv l``qw .^fa" 7==58 Ujkkjijhaw" :6138 Jfksjgbfjk"

:66>8 Ulke" 7==38 P`jbap" 7==0&+ Snqp" sna @aksawp dlw Cfpajpa @lkswlb jkc

]wataksflk .@C@& njta waàksbv wa`lkpfcawac snfp pnlws)wjkea cfpsjkà gak`nijwh

.ldsak wadawwac sl jp sna snwaa)dlls wqba& jkc a~}jkcac fs sl sul iaswap

.@C@" 7==5&+

Fk snfp wa}lws" pnlws)wjkea swjkpifppflk fp cadfkac jp fkda sflk l``qwwfke ufsnfk jglqs

sul iaswap ld sna plqw a jkc blke)wjkea swjkpifppflk fp cadfkac jp fkda`sflk js cfpsjkàp

ewajsaw snjk jglqs sul iaswap+

Fs fp `bajw snjs sna wfph ld swjkpifppflk ld wap}fwjslwv }jsnleakp ca`wajpap jp sna

cfpsjkà dwli jk fkda`sac }awplk fk`wajpap+ Nluataw" snawa fp kl ai}fwf`jb atfcakà

snjs fk`wajpfke sna wa`liiakcac cfpsjkà dlw `lkswlb iajpqwap sl sul iaswap ufbb

wapqbs fk bluaw fkdbqakj jssj`h wjsap" jkc snawa jwa kl cjsj snjs }awifs snazqjksfdf`jsflk ld cfddawakàp fk wfph jp j dqk`sflk ld cfpsjkà dwli sna fkda`sac

}awplk+ Sna }jkab njp katawsnabapp jcl}sac sna sul iaswa cadfkfsflk ld

pnlws)wjkea jp j }wa`jqsflkjwv ca`fpflk gjpac lk sna watfpac apsfijsap ld }jwsf ba

swjoa`slwfap jp cap`wfgac gv ^fa .7==5&+


21/63

:3 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà

Eblppjwv ld Hav Sawip Qpac fk snfp Wa}lws/

]jwsf`ba? Eakawf` sawi dlw j pijbb ijpp ld afsnaw bfzqfc lw plbfc+

Cwl}bas? J cwl}bas fp j p}a`fdf` sv}a ld }jwsf`ba+ Fs wadawp sl j pijbb tlbqia ld bfzqfc snjs

fp a~}abbac cqwfke gwajsnfke" sjbhfke" pkaafke lw `lqenfke jkc unf`n `lksjfkp jpplwsac

gflblef`jb,gfl`naif`jb `li}lkaksp+

Cwl}bas Kq`baf? ]jwsf bap snjs jwa dlwiac gv atj}lwjsflk ld cwl}basp bajtfke

klk)tlbjsfba `li}lkaksp+

Jawlplb? Sna pqp}akpflk fk jfw .lw fk j ejp& ld plbfc lw bfzqfc }jwsf`bap snjs jwa pijbb

aklqen sl waijfk jfwglwka dlw }wlblkeac }awflcp ld sfia+

Jawlcvkjif` Cfjiaswa? Sawi qpac sl psjkcjwcfa nlu }jwsf`bap ld cfddawaks pnj}ap

jkc cakpfsfap ganjta fk sna jfw jkc nlu djps snav ufbb djbb sl sna ewlqkc qkcaw sna

`ligfkac fkdbqakà ld jfw wapfpsjkà jkc ewjtfsv .passbfke tabl`fsv&+ J }jwsf`ba njp jk

jawlcvkjif` cfjiaswa c fd fsp passbfke tabl`fsv azqjbp snjs ld j p}nawf`jb ujsaw cwl}bas

ld cfjiaswa c+

Gjbbfpsf` ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap ewajsaw snjk j}}wl~fijsabv :== i fk cfjiaswa+ J i

lw if`wliasaw" fp :=)4 i+

Fknjbjgba ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap gasuaak =+: jkc :== i fk cfjiaswa+

Kjpl}njwvkeajb)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap fk sna wjkea ld

j}}wl~fijsabv 7= sl :== i fk cfjiaswa+ Snav sakc sl swjtab kl dqwsnaw snjk sna q}}aw

wap}fwjslwv swj`s+

Swj`nalgwlk`nfjb)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap ld j}}wl~fijsabv := sl

7= i+ Snav jwa `j}jgba ld ca}lpfsfke jp djw cluk jp sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb waeflk+

Jbtalbjw)pfzac ]jwsf`bap? ]jwsf`bap njtfke cfjiaswap ld bapp snjk j}}wl~fijsabv

:= i fk cfjiaswa+ Snav jwa sna lkbv }jwsf`bap `j}jgba ld waj`nfke sna jbtalbjw waeflk

gqs `jk ga ca}lpfsac jkvunawa fk sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+

Dlifsa? Jkv fkjkfijsa lgoa`s lw pqgpsjkà `j}jgba ld `jwwvfke fkda sflqp lwejkfpip

.pq`n jp eawip lw }jwjpfsap& jkc nakà" ld swjkpdawwfke snai dwli lka fkcftfcqjb sl

jklsnaw+

Fknjbjsflk Swjkpifppflk? J ia`njkfpi ld swjkpifppflk tfj fknjbjsflk ld fkda sflqp

}jwsf`bap fksl sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+ Snfp fk`bqcap }jwsf`bap wjkefke fk pfa dwlij}}wl~fijsabv =+: sl :== i jkc snawadlwa ulqbc ak`li}jpp sna `bjppf`jb jfwglwka

jkc cwl}bas ilcap ld swjkpifppflk+


22/63

Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà :1

@lksj`s Swjkpifppflk? Swjkpdaw ld tfwqp dwli jk fkda sac fkcftfcqjb sl j }lsaksfjb

nlps afsnaw gv cfwa`s }nvpf`jb `lksj`s lw fkcfwa`s `lksj`s .a+e+" gv slq`nfke `lksjifkjsac

pqwdjàp&+

Blke)wjkea Swjkpifppflk? Fknjbjsflk swjkpifppflk ld sna tfwqp js cfpsjkàp ewajsaw

snjk j}}wl~fijsabv sul iaswap+

Pnlws)wjkea Swjkpifppflk? @lksj`s swjkpifppflk lw fknjbjsflk swjkpifppflk ld sna

tfwqp js cfpsjkàp ld sul iaswap lw bapp+

/ Paa jbpl Jkka~ J dlw j ilwa `li}basa eblppjwv+


23/63

@NJ]SAW 7 ILCAP LD FKDBQAK_J SWJKPIFPPFLK

Swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj dwli jk fkda`sac }awplk sl j kau nlps wazqfwap wabajpald sna tfwqp fksl sna pqwwlqkcfkep+ Pfkà fkdbqakj fp j wap}fwjslwv cfpajpa" snawa

jwa sul }wfijwv wlqsap snlqen unf`n snfp `jk l``qw? .f& a~}qbpflk fksl sna jfw

snwlqen pkaafke" `lqenfke" p}ajhfke" gwajsnfke lw snwlqen jawlplb)eakawjsfke

iacf`jb }wlàcqwap" lw .ff& gv cfwa`s swjkpdaw ld wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp sl jklsnaw

}awplk lw pqwdjà+ J`zqfpfsflk ld sna tfwqp gv sna kau nlps `jk snak l``qw afsnaw gv

fknjbjsflk ld sna fkda`sflqp }jwsf`bap dwli sna jfw lw `lksj`s ufsn fkda`sflqp ijsawfjb"

dlbbluac gv fkda`sflk tfj pabd)fkl`qbjsflk snwlqen j `lksjifkjsac njkc+ Fknjbac

}jwsf`bap ijv snalwasf`jbbv fkda`s sna nlps js jkv }lfks fk sna wap}fwjslwv swaa" dwli

sna kjwap sl sna sawifkjb jbtalbf" jppqifke snjs fk sna bjssaw `jpa sna }jwsf`bap jwapijbb aklqen sl }akaswjsa gablu sna swj`naj+

Sna `qwwaks hklubacea gjpa waejwcfke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk `liap dwli

lgpawtjsflkjb jkc a}fcaiflblef`jb psqcfap jqeiaksac gv j bfifsac jilqks ld

`bfkf`jb jkc bjglwjslwv wapajw`n+ Sl cjsa" sna dlbblufke jppqi}sflkp njta gaak ijca

waejwcfke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk?

sna plqwà ld sna tfwqp fp sna wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp ld jk fkda`sac }awplk8

fkl`qbjsflk ijv l``qw gv cfwa`s ca}lpfsflk ld sna tfwqp lksl wap}fwjslwv iq`lqpiaigwjkap" gv pabd)fkl`qbjsflk ld iq`lqp iaigwjkap ufsn `lksjifkjsac

njkcp" lw gv fknjbjsflk ld }jwsf`bap `lksjfkfke tfwqpap8

swjkpifppflk l``qwp }waclifkjksbv js pnlws wjkea8 jkc

swjkpifppflk gv fkcfwa`s `lksj`s `jk l``qw pfkà fkdbqakj tfwqpap `jk pqwtfta

lqspfca sna nqijk glcv dlw ifkqsap sl nlqwp fk sna jfw jkc lk tjwflqp pqwdjàp+

Waj`nfke `lk`bqpflkp waejwcfke sna bfhabfnllc ld sna tjwflqp }lppfgba ilcap ld

fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk wazqfwap jppappiaks ld sna atfcakà waejwcfke snaia`njkfpip gv unf`n sna tfwqp bajtap sna glcv ld sna fkda`sac }awplk" aksawp sna

glcv ld j }lsaksfjb nlps" jkc `liap fk `lksj`s ufsn j pfsa snjs }awifsp wa}bf`jsflk ld

sna tfwqp" snqp wapqbsfke fk fkda`sflk+ Fktapsfejsflk ld snapa psa}p fk sna swjkpifppflk

ld fkdbqakj fktlbtap atfcakà jp sl?

sna tjwflqp ujvp sna tfwqp `jk a~fs sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s a+e+" pkaafke"

`lqenfke" sjbhfke" gwajsnfke" jawlplb)eakawjsfke }wlàcqwap" lw cfwa`s swjkpdaw

ld wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp8

sna pfa jkc wabjsfta tlbqia ld a~}abbac }jwsf`bap jkc snafw ataksqjb djsa8 sna }nvpf`jb swjkpifppflk snwlqen sna jfw ld a~}abbac cwl}basp `lksjfkfke

sna tfwqp .a+e+" fk j `lqen&+ Snfp fktlbtap jkjbvfke sna }nvpf`p ld sna `lqen

fk`bqcfke a~}qbpflk" cfbqsflk jkc atj}lwjsflk ld sna cwl}bas ifps" jp uabb jp

sna adda`s ld aktfwlkiaksjb `lkcfsflkp pq`n jp nqifcfsv jkc sai}awjsqwa8

sna tfjgfbfsv jkc fkda sftfsv ld sna fkdbqakj tfwqp lkà lqspfca sna glcv8

:4 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà


24/63

sna ujvp fk unf`n tfwqp)`lksjfkfke }jwsf`bap ufsnfk sna fknjbjgba pfa wjkea

.=+: sl :== i& ijv ga fknjbac gv sna }lsaksfjb nlps" lw j`zqfwac gv `lksj`s ld

sna }lsaksfjb nlps ufsn `lksjifkjsac ijsawfjb snjs fp kls jfwglwka8

unawa fknjbac lw `lksj`s)swjkpifssac tfwqpap akc q} fk sna nlpsp glcv jkc

unasnaw snapa bl`jsflkp njwglw àbbp ufsn p}a`fdf` waà}slwp dlw sna tfwqp jkc jwa

}awifppfta dlw tfwjb wa}bf`jsflk8 jkc

sna wabjsflkpnf} gasuaak wfph ld fkda`sflk jkc kqigaw ld tfwqpap cabftawac sl

pqpà}sfgba sfppqap .f+a+" fkda`sflqp clpa&+

Fk snfp `nj}saw sna atfcakà fp watfauac" pq`n jp fs fp" waejwcfke aj`n ld sna }waàcfke

abaiaksp ld }lsaksfjb fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk }jsnujvp+ Qkdlwsqkjsabv" fi}lwsjks

hklubacea ej}p a~fps+

EAKAWJSFLK LD FKDA@SFLQP IJSAWFJB

Unak jk fkda`sac }awplk `lqenp" pkaaap" sjbhp jkc gwajsnap" }jwsf`bap wjkefke

dwli =+: sl ltaw :=== i fk pfa jwa aifssac fksl sna jfw+ Glsn sna kqigaw jkc

pfa cfpswfgqsflk ld }jwsf bap ufbb ca}akc lk sna ia`njkfpi ld a~}qbpflk" ufsn pkaafke

}wlcq`fke sna ilps }jwsf`bap" jkc sjbhfke sna bajps .Dfeqwa :&+ Nluataw" j waàks}j}aw gv ^fa as jb+ .7==5& klsac snjs dfta ifkqsap ld sjbhfke `jk }wlcqà sna pjia

kqigaw ld }jwsf`bap jp j pfkeba `lqen+


Dfeqwa :

Pfza cfpswfgqsflk ld cwl}basp dlwiac q}lk pkaazfke .gbqa&" `lqenfke .}fkh& jkc

sjbhfke .ewaak& / Klsa? ble p`jba .jcj}sac dwli Hlujbphf $ Gjnkdbasn" :66>&


25/63

Fd sna `lkàkswjsflk ld tfwqp fk sna }jwsf`bap fp `lkpsjks" sna pjia tlbqia ld }jwsf`bap

ufbb njta sna pjia jilqks ld tfwqp+ Nluataw" pfkà sna tlbqia ld j }jwsf`ba fp

}wl}lwsflkjb sl sna `qga ld fsp wjcfqp" j pfkeba :== i }jwsf`ba ufbb njta :=== sfiap

sna jilqks ld tfwqp jp j pfkeba :=i }jwsf`ba+ Snqp" eftak j pfifbjw kqigaw ld := i

jkc :== i }jwsf`bap sna :== i }jwsf`bap ulqbc `lksjfk :=== sfiap ilwa tfwqp+

Cjsj }wapaksac gv Cqeqfc as jb+ .:634& pnluac snjs }jwsf bap wjkefke fk cfjiaswa

dwli 7 sl 73 i j``lqksac dlw jbilps 6= }aw àks ld sna kqigawld }jwsf`bap aifssac+

Nluataw" fk sawip ld slsjb tlbqia" snapa }jwsf`bap j``lqksac dlw j tawv pijbb dwj`sflk+

Fs fp kls hkluk nlu fkdbqakj tfwqp fp cfpswfgqsac fk }jwsf`bap aifssac dwli fkda`sac

}awplkp+ Sna tfwjb `lkàkswjsflk fk aifssac }jwsf`bap fp a~}a`sac sl tjwv glsn jilke

fkcftfcqjbp" jkc ltaw sna `lqwpa ld snafw fkda`sflk+

Adda`s ld ]jwsf`ba Pfa

Sna wlqsa ld jk a~}abbac }jwsf ba ca}akcp lk sna }nvpf`jb jkc aktfwlkiaksjb

dj`slwp snjs pqwwlqkc fs+ A~}abbac }jwsf`bap `jk ga `jsaelwfac fksl sul ewlq}p

ca}akcfke lk nlu snav swjtab? gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap jkc fknjbjgba }jwsf`bap+

Gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap ufsn j iajk jawlcvkjif` cfjiaswa ld ewajsaw snjk j}}wl~f)

ijsabv :== i jwa }waclifkjksbv jdda`sac gv ewjtfsv .jp l}}lpac sl jfw wapfpsjkà&jkc dlbblu pl)`jbbac gjbbfpsf` swjoa`slwfap .^fa" 7==58 Aigfb" 7==08

Sabaijk" 7==38 Bjkebav" 7==18 Uabbp" :6038 Cqeqfc" :634&+ Snapa gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap

passba lqs ld sna jfw fk pa`lkcp+ Snafw fkda`sflqp wjkea bfap tawv `blpa sl sna lwfefkjb

}lfks ld ca}jwsqwa eakawjbbv bapp snjk j iaswa+ Gjbbfpsf` }jwsf`bap jwa `j}jgba ld

bjkcfke lk jkv kajwgv pqwdjàp" fk`bqcfke }al}ba" jkc jwa snlqens sl }bjv j wlba fk

sna `lksj`s ilca ld fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk+ Nluataw" js `blpa wjkea" snapa }jwsf`bap

`lqbc jbpl bjkc lk sna iq`lpj ld kajwgv fkcftfcqjbp+

Fknjbjgba }jwsf`bap jwa }jwsf`bap ufsn jawlcvkjif` cfjiaswap djbbfke fk sna =+: sl

:== i wjkea+ Sna sfia cqwfke unf`n j }jwsf`ba fp bfhabv sl waijfk fk sna jfw fp

wabjsac sl fsp ltawjbb pfa jkc wjkeap dwli pa`lkcp sl cjvp .Sjgba :&+ Plia njta

cfjiaswap pqddf`faksbv pijbb sl jbblu snai sl ga `jwwfac `lkpfcawjgba cfpsjkàp

ca}akcfke lk jfw `qwwaksp jkc lsnaw dj`slwp .Atjkp" 7===&+ ]jwsf`bap kajw :== i

fk pfa ca}lpfs a~`bqpftabv fk sna kjpl}njwvk~ ufsn snlwj`f` jkc jbtalbjw ca}lpfsflk

l``qwwfke jp sna }jwsf`bap ga`lia pijbbaw" ap}a`fjbbv bapp snjk 7= i+

:> Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà


26/63

Adda`s ld Atj}lwjsflk

]jwsf`bap" lkà aoa`sac dwli sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s ld jk fkda`sac }awplk" jwa pqgoa`sac sl

sna adda`sp ld atj}lwjsflk+ Sna wjsa ld atj}lwjsflk ld sna ujsaw fk sna }jwsf`bap fp

bjweabv casawifkac gv sna jilqks ld ujsaw }wapaks fk sna jfw .wabjsfta nqifcfsv&" sna

}watjfbfke sai}awjsqwa" jkc sna pqwdjà jwaj ld sna }jwsf`bap .Bfensnjws" :66:8

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wjsfl ld pqwdjà jwaj sl tlbqia clqgbap jp sna cwl}bas cfjiaswa ca`wajpap gv lka)njbd+Dlw snfp wajplk" sna atj}lwjsflk wjsa fp djpsaw dlw pijbbaw }jwsf`bap+ Sna atj}lwjsflk

wjsa jbpl fk`wajpap ufsn wfpfke jfw sai}awjsqwa jkc,lw djbbfke wabjsfta nqifcfsv+

Fk j psqcv snjs fktlbtac p}wjvfke j if`wlga)bjcak jawlplb .f+a+" ifps& fksl sna jfw

jkc iajpqwfke sna `lqwpa ld cwl}bas pfa jkc clukufkc ganjtflqw" Bfensnjws as jb+

.:66:& pnluac snjs" js 36 }aw àks wabjsfta nqifcfsv jkc 7:@ " cwl}basp fk sna

>= i cfjiaswa wjkea atj}lwjsac gadlwa sna cwl}basp waj`nac sna ewlqkc8 jkc sna

ujsaw fk sna }jwsf`bap ufsn fkfsfjb cfjiaswap bapp snjk 01 i atj}lwjsac fk bapp snjk

lka pa`lkc+ Bfcuabb wa)atjbqjsac Cqeqfcp :634 cjsj jkc dlqkc snjs sna ujsaw

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ga`jqpa ld atj}lwjsflk" a~}abbac }jwsf`bap cl kls waijfk sna pjia pfa+ Ijkv ld sna

bjweaw lkap tawv zqf`hbv akc q} jp pijbbaw }jwsf`bap jp atj}lwjsflk }wlàacp+

Adda`s ld Nqifcfsv

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a~saks fs ufbb l``qw+ Sna wjsa ld atj}lwjsflk ca`wajpap jp wabjsfta nqifcfsv fk`wajpap

jkc fp pbluac gv sna }wapakà ld pjbsp" }wlsafkp jkc lsnaw klk)tlbjsfba `li}lkaksp

}wapaks fk jk aoa`sac wap}fwjslwv swj`s }jwsf`ba+ Jp cap`wfgac gv Vjppf as jb+.7==3&"

unfba j cwl}bas ld }qwa ujsaw ufbb atj}lwjsa dqbbv fd wabjsfta nqifcfsv fp bapp snjk :==

}aw àks" j cwl}bas snjs `lksjfkp plbqgba ijsawfjb" pq`n jp plcfqi `nblwfca" ufbb waj`n


Sjgba :

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:==+= 71+= := pa`

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:=+= =+0: :5 ifk

0+= =+=7> 0 nlqwp

=+0 =+===37 >+3 cjvp

=+=0 =+====77 :16 cjvp


27/63

jk azqfbfgwfqi psjsa unf`n ca}akcp olfksbv lk sna `lkàkswjsflk ld sna plcfqi

`nblwfca `lksjfkac fk sna cwl}bas jkc sna wabjsfta nqifcfsv ld sna jigfaks jfw+

Pfkà wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp `lksjfk ijkv cfddawaks `li}lqkcp jp plbqsap lw

pqp}akcac ijsawfjb" sna ujsaw fk }jwsf`bap snjs `lksjfk if`wllwejkfpip" ufbb kls

jbujvp `li}basabv atj}lwjsa fk jigfaks jfw+ Nluataw" fk jk NTJ@)azqf}}ac gqfbcfke"::

bl`jsac fk j sai}awjsa `bfijsa" j wabjsfta nqifcfsv ld 3= }aw àks lw bluaw `jk ga

a~}a`sac" }jwsf`qbjwbv cqwfke ufksaw ilksnp+ Qkcaw snapa `lkcfsflkp" sna ujsaw fk

j }jwsf`ba `lksjfkfke plbqgba ijsawfjb ufbb atj}lwjsa `li}basabv" bajtfke ganfkc j

cwl}bas kq`baqp snjs `lqbc `lksjfk jkv fkda`sflqp jeaksp snjs uawa lwfefkjbbv }wapaks

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`jk }lsaksfjbbv fkda`s j pqpà}sfgba nlps fd fknjbac+

Adda`s ld Cfpsjkà

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casawifkfke nlu djw jkc nlu zqf`hbv jk aoa`sac wap}fwjslwv }jwsf`ba `jk swjtab+

Sna jtawjea slsjb tlbqia ld aifssac ijsawfjb fk j `lqen fp j}}wl~fijsabv dlqw

if`wlbfswap js sna iliaks ld a~njbjsflk+ Jbilps jbb ld snfp tlbqia fp `li}lpac ld

bjweaw }jwsf`bap snjs dlbblu gjbbfpsf` swjoa`slwfap jkc bjkc lk pqwdjàp ufsnfk

wlqenbv lka iaswa ld sna plqwà .Cqeqfc" :6348 Kf`jp" 7==18 Blqclk" :645&+ Sna

waijfkfke tlbqia waijfkp fk sna jfw jp jk atj}lwjsfke ifps ufsn sna bfzqfc }jwsf`bap`lktawsfke sl capf``jsac }jwsf`bap .cwl}bas kq`baf& js j wjsa fktawpabv }wl}lwsflkjb

sl snafw pfa+

7= Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà

:: NTJ@ 9 najsfke" taksfbjsflk jkc jfw)`lkcfsflkfke

Dfeqwa 7

]jwsf`ba ifps `wajsac q}lk pkaazfke+ .Cjtfcnjv" 7==5&


28/63

Dfeqwa 7 pnlup snfp ifps ld }lsaksfjbbv tfwqp)`lksjfkfke }jwsf`bap snjs fp }wapaks

ufsnfk sna fiiacfjsa tf`fkfsv ld j pkaafke }awplk+ Sna jtawjea }jwsf`ba cakpfsv ld

sna ifps wj}fcbv cfbqsap jp sna ifps a~}jkcp fksl jk fk`wajpfke tlbqia pqwwlqkcfke

sna pkaaaw .lw `lqenaw& pl snjs" jp sna cfpsjkà dwli sna plqwà fk`wajpap" sna

wabjsfta `lkàkswjsflk ld }jwsf`bap fk sna jfw ca`wajpap fk wlqen }wl}lwsflk sl sna

cfpsjkà `qgac+ Snawadlwa" sna bfhabfnllc ld a~}lpqwa" jkc sna jtawjea kqigaw ld

}jwsf`bap fknjbac" djbbp ldd wj}fcbv ufsn cfpsjkà dwli sna fkda`sac }awplk fk j ujv

snjs ca}akcp lk jfw dblu }jssawkp+ Fk jccfsflk sl snfp cfbqsflk dj`slw" sna adda`s ld

taksfbjsflk iqps ga `lkpfcawac+

A^]LPQWA SL FKDA@SFLQP IJSAWFJB

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jklsnaw }awplk fd?

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snav jwa ca}lpfsac cfwa`sbv lksl sna iq`lqp iaigwjkap .a+e+" gv hfppfke" lw gv

bjwea }jwsf`bap dwli j `lqen lw pkaaa dlbblufke j gjbbfpsf` swjoa`slwv&8 lw

wap}fwjslwv pa`wasflkp ca}lpfsac lksl lsnaw pqwdjàp jwa swjkpdawwac sl sna iq`lqpiaigwjkap .a+e+" fd sna }awplkp njkcp slq`n j `lksjifkjsac pqwdjà jkc snak

slq`n snafw klpa&+

Fknjbjsflk

Sna nqijk wap}fwjslwv swj`s `jk ga cftfcac fksl snwaa waeflkp lk sna gjpfp ld

pswq`sqwa" pfa jkc dqk`sflk?

.f& sna q}}aw wap}fwjslwv swj s" a~sakcfke dwli oqps }lpsawflw sl sna a~sawkjb kjwap

sl sna bjwvk~8.ff& sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb waeflk" cadfkac jp sna swj`naj sl sna sawifkjb gwlk`nflbap8 jkc

.fff& sna jbtalbjw .}qbilkjwv& waeflk" `li}wfpfke sna wap}fwjslwv gwlk`nflbap" jbtalbjw

cq`sp jkc jbtalbjw pj`p+

Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà 7:


29/63

Sna snlwj`f` waeflk fp cadfkac jp sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw waeflkp

`ligfkac .Dfeqwa 0&+

77 Fkdbqakzj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA?Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà

Dfeqwa 0

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]qgbfpnfke @li}jkv" Fk`+ Wa}wfksac gv }awifppflk ld ]ajwplk Acq`jsflk" Fk`+&

J }awplk aifsp wap}fwjslwv }jwsf`bap fk j ufca wjkea ld pfzap+ Unawa }jwsf`bap jwa

ca}lpfsac fk sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s ld sna }lsaksfjb nlps ca}akcp }wfijwfbv lk snafw

pfza .Kf`jp" :6618 Tfkàks" :66=8 Pjssjw" :6>58 Bf}}ijkk" :6>=8 Psqjws" :654&+

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jblke j `lksfkqqi+

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jwa sna lkbv }jwsf bap `j}jgba ld waj`nfke sna jbtalbjw waeflk gqs `jk ga

ca}lpfsac jkvunawa fk sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+

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gafke fknjbac+

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Fijea kls jtjfbjgba


30/63

Dfeqwa 3 ca}f`sp sna tjwflqp waeflkp ld sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s jblke ufsn sna pfa

`bjppfdf`jsflk ld }jwsf bap jkc snafw `lwwap}lkcfke waeflk ld ca}lpfsflk+:7

Sna }wlgjgfbfsv snjs fknjbjsflk ld fkdbqakj tfwqp ufbb `jqpa fkda`sflk ca}akcp

.jilke lsnaw dj`slwp sl ga cfp`qppac pqgpazqaksbv& lk? .f& sna }wapakà ld nqijk

fkdbqakj tfwqp waà}slwp jkc àbbp }awifppfta sl fkda`sflk8 jkc .ff& sna fkda`sflqp

clpa" lw sna jtawjea kqigaw ld tfjgba tfwflkp wazqfwac sl fkfsfjsa fkda`sflk+

Sna fkdbqakj tfwqp iqps njta j`àpp sl waà}slwp fk sna glcv ld sna nlps fk lwcaw

dlw tfwjb jssj`niaks sl l``qw+ Jbsnlqen waà}slwp qpac gv fkdbqakj tfwqpap jwa

dlqkc fk ijkv sfppqap" jkc jbsnlqen ijkv fkdbqakj pswjfkp `jk fkda`s patawjb

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fk`bqca? `ldj`slw iacfjsflk pq`n jp sna jtjfbjgfbfsv ld }wlsajpap:0 sl `bajta sna

njaijeebqsfkfk:0" unasnaw lw kls sna j}}wl}wfjsa waà}slw fp gafke a~}wappac"

sna cfddawaks waà}slwp qpac gv jtfjk lw nqijk pswjfkp ld fkdbqakj" jkc lsnaw

fkswjàbbqbjw dj`slwp+

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.qsfbfac gv jtfjk fkdbqakj tfwqpap& jkc sna jb}nj)7"4)bfkhac pfjbf` j`fc waà}slw

.qsfbfac gv nqijk fkdbqakj J $ G tfwqpap&+ Sna jb}nj 7"4)pfjbf` j`fcp jwa dlqkc

lk àbbqbjw }wlsafkp fk ilps sfppqap ld sna nqijk glcv .Ejekaq~" 7==0&8 nluataw"tfwjb wa}bf`jsflk fk nqijkp fp wapswf`sac sl sna wap}fwjslwv swj`s+ Pnfkvj as jb+ .7==4&

njta cailkpswjsac sna }wapakà ld jb}nj)7"4 waà}slwp lk a}fsnabfjb àbbp fk glsn


:7 Snapa `bjppfdf`jsflkp jwa gjpac bjweabv lk sna Jiawf`jk @lkdawakà ld Fkcqpswfjb Nvefakfpsp wa}lws

.J@EFN" 7==1&+

:0 Paa Jkka~ J @li}wanakpfta Eblppjwv dlw cadfkfsflkp+

Dfeqwa 3

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dlw sna tjwflqp }jwsf`ba pfzap Jbb wfensp wapawtac+ Jcj}sac dwli Wlv $ Ifbslk" 7==3

Kjpl)]njwvkeajb]jwsf`bap

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FknjbjgbaDwj`sflk


31/63

sna q}}aw jkc bluaw wap}fwjslwv swj`s" jkc snjs nqijk fkdbqakj tfwqpap `jk fkda`s

a}fsnabfjb àbbp fk sna kjpjb a}fsnabfqi" sna swj`nalgwlk`nfjb swaa jkc sna jbtalbjw

a}fsnabfqi+ Ijpswlpltf`n as jb+ .7==3& cailkpswjsac snjs nqijk fkdbqakj tfwqpap

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cakpfsv+ Snfp bjssaw wapqbs ujp lgsjfkac lk a}fsnabfjb àbbp `qbsqwac fk tfswl jkc ijv

kls wa}wapaks aksfwabv j``qwjsabv sna pfsqjsflk fk tftl+ Pnfkvj as jb+ .7==4& jkc

tjk Wfab as jb+ .7==4& njta jbpl pnluk snjs plia a}fsnabfjb àbbp fk sna jbtalbf jkc sna

wap}fwjslwv gwlk`nflbap" fcaksfdfac jp }kaqil`vsap sv}a FF" a~}wapp sna jb}nj)7"0

waà}slw jkc jbblu dlw sna wa}bf`jsflk ld jtfjk fkdbqakj J .N1K:&+

J `liilk iajkp ld atjbqjsfke sna fkda`sflqp clpa dlw jkv eftak cfpajpa fp gv

casawifkfke sna jilqks ld tfwqp wazqfwac sl fkda`s 1= }aw àks ld j pji}ba

}l}qbjsflk .afsnaw fk tfswl lw fk tftl&+ Snfp fp wadawwac sl jp sna sfppqa `qbsqwa

fkda`sflqp clpa 1= }aw àks .S@FC1=& dlw fk)tfswl psqcfap lw sna nqijk fkda`sflqp

clpa 1= }aw àks .NFC1=& dlw fk)tftl" nqijk psqcfap+ Jbdlwc as jb+ .:644& pnluac snjs

dlw jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap sna NFC1= ujp fk sna wjkea ld =+4 sl 0+= S@FC1=+ @lq`n

as jb+ wa}lwsac snjs sna clpa gv fkswjkjpjb cwl} fkl`qbjsflk .unf`n fkfsfjsap fkda`sflk

js sna pjia pfsa jp kjpl}njwvkeajb pfac)}jwsf`bap& wazqfwac sl `jqpa fkda`sflk ujp

:== sfiap ewajsaw snjk snjs wazqfwac sl fkda`s ufsn jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap .@lq`n"

:65:8 @lq`n" :653&+ Sna tfwjb `lkàkswjsflk dwli kjpjb ujpnap fk fkda`sac }awplkpnjp gaak pnluk sl ga jp nfen jp :=5 S@FC1= }aw ib+ Pfkà fk j pfkeba pkaaa" sna

tlbqia ld jbb sna }jwsf`bap := i lw bapp .jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap& fp apsfijsac js

:+7 ~ :=)1 ib .Kf`jp" 7==1&" snapa jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap ulqbc `lksjfk :7= S@FC1="

uabb jglta sna NFC1= `jb`qbjsac gv Jbdlwc+ Jbpl" pfkà 66+6 }aw àks ld sna tlbqia

fk j pkaaa fp `li}wfpac ld }jwsf`bap ewajsaw snjk > i .Kf`jp" 7==1&" sna fkda`sflqp

clpa `lksjfkac fk kjpl}njwvkeajb)pfac }jwsf`bap ulqbc jbpl a~àac sna wazqfwac

clpa dlw fkda`sflk+

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ld sna tfwqp js cfpsjkàp ewajsaw snjk j}}wl~fijsabv sul iaswap+ Lkà pijbb }jwsf`bap

njta gaak }wlcqàc gv jk fkda`sac }awplk" sna bfhabfnllc ld blke)wjkea" fknjbjsflk

swjkpifppflk ca}akcp lk sna cqwjsflk ld tfwjb tfjgfbfsv fk sna jfw" sna aktfwlkiaksjb

`lkcfsflkp sl unf`n sna tfwqp fp a~}lpac" jkc sna adda`sp ld cfbqsflk jkc jfw `qwwaksp+

Sna }awpfpsakà ld sna fkda`sftfsv ld fkdbqakj tfwqp fk jawlplbp njp gaak psqcfac fk

sna bjglwjslwv+ Fk a~}awfiaksp snjs qpac nlileakalqp jawlplbfac fkdbqakj tfwqp

pqp}akpflkp .iajk cfjiaswa ld 4 i&" tfwqp fkda`sftfsv js j df~ac wabjsfta nqifcfsv

fk sna wjkea ld :1 sl 3= }aw àks qkcawelap pblu" a~}lkaksfjb ca`jv .Naiiap"

:64=8 Naiiap" :647&+ Snapa wapqbsp jwa `lkpfpsaks ufsn snlpa ld jk lbcaw psqcv fk

unf`n fkda`sflqp fkdbqakj tfwqpap fk jk jawlplb `lqbc ga cailkpswjsac sl }awpfps

73 Fkdbqakj Swjkpifppflk jkc sna Wlba ld ]]WA? Jk Jppappiaks ld sna Atfcakà


32/63

dlw q} sl 73 nlqwp js wabjsfta nqifcfsfap ld 5 sl 73 }aw àks .Bllpbf" :630&+ Tfwqp

fkda`sftfsv ca`wajpap wj}fcbv js wabjsfta nqifcfsv jglta 3= }aw àks+

Sna }awpfpsaks pqwtftjb ld fkdbqakj tfwqp fk jigfaks jfw qkcaw `liilk aktfwlk)

iaksjb `lkcfsflkp pqeeapsp snjs blke)wjkea fknjbjsflk swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj fp

}lppfgba+ Nluataw" cfwa`s atfcakà ld fsp `lkswfgqsflk sl fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk fp

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snfp psqcv" j pfkeba fkca~ }jsfaks catabl}ac pvi}slip unfba sna jfw`wjds ujp

ewlqkcac jkc ufsn sna taksfbjsflk fksawwq}sac dlw j sul sl snwaa nlqw }awflc+

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ka~s dlqw cjvp+ Sna lqsgwajh fktapsfejsflk apsjgbfpnac snjs sna fkca~ `jpa p}aks sna

ujfsfke }awflc lk sna ewlqkc .3+1 nlqwp fk slsjb& bvfke cluk j`wlpp sul pajsp js sna

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fk }jsfaksp fk sna gqfbcfke ufsn qbswjtflbas wjcfjsflk jkc :6 }aw àks fk sna }jsfaksp

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ld swjkpifppflk+

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.:+1 }aw àks ld wapfcaksp tp :7+1 }aw àks&+ Sna kaubv `lkpswq`sac gqfbcfke njc



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ilwa pzqjwa daas ld }qgbf` p}jà }aw wapfcaks lk aj`n qkfs" cfc kls `lksjfk lddfà

p}jà snjs pawtap sna aksfwa dlqw)gqfbcfke dj`fbfsv" jkc `lksjfkac jccfsflkjb jfw dfbsawp

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q}cjsac snafw wa}lws jkc fk`bqcac dfta pqgpazqaks pajplkp ufsn `li}jwfplk ld

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waswlp}a`s" sna jqsnlwp jcifssac snafw fkfsfjb wa}lws ujp gjpac lk j psjsfpsf`jb lqsbfaw+

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bapp wa`fw`qbjsac jfw njc jssj`h wjsap pfifbjw sl sna lsnaw gqfbcfkep+ Snqp" snapa

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gjbbfpsf }jwsf`bap lksl iq`lqp iaigwjkap lw gv fknjbjsflk ld pijbbaw }jwsf`bap+

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35/63

cl kls }wltfca fkdlwijsflk jglqs unf`n tfwjb fbbkappap uawa }wataksac lw jkv

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gasuaak :667 jkc :661+ Jejfk" sna jgpakà ld `li}jwjslw klk)najbsn`jwa ulwhaw

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37/63

Unak `jwa fp }wltfcac sl pvi}slijsf` }jsfaksp" sna wfph ld swjkpifppflk fk`wajpap

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ta`slwp ld swjkpifppflk jkc fkda`s lsnaw }jsfaksp fk snafw `jwa jp uabb jp `lbbajeqap+

Kl `lk`bqpflkp `jk ga psjsac fk wap}a`s ld ulwh}bjàp eakawjbbv pfkà `lkcfsflkp

jwa pl nasawleakalqp+

PAJPLKJB TP+ ]JKCAIF@ FKDBQAK_J

Jbsnlqen snawa fp kl atfcakà sl pqeeaps snjs sna ilca ld swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj

ulqbc cfddaw gasuaak }jkcaif` fkdbqakj jkc pajplkjb fkdbqakj" snawa fp atfcakà

sl pqeeaps snjs bluaw fkl`qbqip ijv ga wazqfwac sl `jqpa fkda`sflk cqwfke j

}jkcaif` ga`jqpa ld sna jgpakà ld }wflw fiiqkfsv .Jbdlwc" :644&+ Snfp jgpakà

ld }wflw fiiqkfsv ijv jbpl iajk snjs fkda`sac }awplkp pnac tfwqp fk nfenaw

`lkàkswjsflk jkc,lw dlw blkeaw }awflcp ld sfia+ Snapa dj`slwp `lqbc fk`wajpa sna

wfph ld swjkpifppflk" gqs fs fp kls hkluk fd snav ulqbc jbsaw sna wabjsfta `lkswfgqsflkld cfddawaks ilcap ld swjkpifppflk+



38/63


@LK@BQPFLKP LK ILCAP LD FKDBQAK_J SWJKPIFPPFLK

Sna dlbblufke pqiijwfap sna `lkpakpqp l}fkflk waj`nac gv sna }jkab+

:+ Gjbbfpsf`" kjpl}njwvkeajb" swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap

jwa jbb aifssac dwli sna nqijk wap}fwjslwv swj`s+

7+ Atfcakà jglqs sna wabjsfta `lkswfgqsflk ld sna cfddawaks ilcap ld

swjkpifppflk sl sna p}wajc ld fkdbqakj fp p}jwpa jkc fk`lk`bqpfta+

0+ Snawa fp atfcakà snjs fkdbqakj fp swjkpifssac }wfijwfbv js pnlws wjkea+

3+ Snawa fp atfcakà snjs fkdbqakj `jk ga swjkpifssac tfj fknjbjsflk ld

swj`nalgwlk`nfjb jkc jbtalbjw)pfac }jwsf`bap js pnlws wjkea+

1+ Snawa fp atfcakà snjs ca}lpfsflk ld kjpl}njwvkeajb)pfac }jwsf`bap fk sna

q}}aw wap}fwjslwv swj`s `jk `jqpa fkda`sflk+

4+ Snawa fp atfcakà snjs `lksj`s swjkpifppflk `jk l``qw+ Sna `qwwaks uafensld atfcakà pqeeapsp snjs swjkpifppflk ld fkdbqakj gv fknjbjsflk fp ilwa

}wlgjgba snjk gv fkcfwa`s `lksj`s+

5+ Sna atfcakà fp bj`hfke sl casawifka unasnaw blke)wjkea swjkpifppflk ld

fkdbqakj l``qwp" gqs fs `jkkls ga wqbac lqs+


39/63

@NJ]SAW 0 ]WLSA@SFTA IAJPQWAP JEJFKPS FKDBQAK_JSWJKPIFPPFLK

Sna pa`lkc abaiaks ld sna `njwea sl sna }jkab fp sna dlbblufke?

Gjpac lk sna `lk`bqpflkp ld snfp watfau .ld sna tjwflqp ilcap ld swjkpifppflk&"

unjs fp vlqw jppappiaks ld sna `lkswfgqsflk snjs K61 wap}fwjslwp lw pqwef`jb

ijphp ufbb ijha sl sna }wataksflk ld swjkpifppflk:1 ld pajplkjb jkc }jkcaif`

fkdbqakj7&

lw `njfwp fk iacf`jb `bfkf` ujfsfke wllip&8 sl }wataks p}bjpnfke dwli }awplkp `lqenfkelw pkaafke .a+e+" ebjpp ak`blpqwap fk sna swfjea jwaj ld aiaweak`v ca}jwsiaksp" lw

js `jpnfawp `qgf`bap&8 jkc sl dj`fbfsjsa njkc nvefaka .a+e+" sna }bj`aiaks ld pfkhp

lqspfca }jsfaks wllip fk nlp}fsjbp&+ Akefkaawfke `lkswlbp ufbb ifkfifa a~}lpqwa

sl jkv fkda`sflqp jeaks jkc jwa jk fi}lwsjks `li}lkaks ld fkda`sflk }wataksflk

}wlewjip fk fkpsfsqsflkp+

Sna gfeeaps gakadfs ld akefkaawfke `lkswlbp fp sna dj`s snjs snafw adda`sftakapp fp kls

ca}akcaks lk fkcftfcqjb }wj`sf`a+ Ijkv ld snapa iajpqwap jwa ilps adda`sftabv

fi}baiaksac cqwfke sna lwfefkjb capfek jkc }bjkkfke psjeap dlw kau gqfbcfkep8

nluataw" sna PJWP lqsgwajh fk Slwlksl cailkpswjsac snjs ijkv `jk jbpl ga

waswl)dfssac fk aiaweak`v pfsqjsflkp .Blqsdv" 7==3&+



41/63

Jcifkfpswjsfta @lkswlbp

Jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jwa }wlàcqwjb jkc ganjtflwjb iajpqwap pq`n jp njkc

nvefaka" wap}fwjslwv asfzqassa" jkc lsnaw gjpf` }wj`sfàp sl }wataks sna swjkpifppflk

ld lwejkfpip .`jbbac Wlqsfka ]wj`sfàp fk @jkjcfjk Najbsn`jwa Dj`fbfsfap& .]NJ@"

:6668 @C@" 7==5&+ Jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jbpl fk`bqca iajpqwap sl fcaksfdv

fkcftfcqjbp unl jwa bfhabv fkda`sac jkc unl wazqfwa pa}jwjsflk dwli lsnawp8 }awplkjb

}wlsa`sfta iajpqwap dlw `jwaeftawp8 jkc acq`jsflk jkc swjfkfke dlw jbb }awplkp unl

iqps fi}baiaks snapa iajpqwap+ Adda`sfta fi}baiaksjsflk ld pq`n jcifkfpswjsfta

`lkswlbp njp gaak pnluk sl ga adda`sfta fk }wataksfke cfpajpa jkc `lkswlbbfke

lqsgwajhp cqa sl ijkv }jsnleakp" fk glsn najbsn`jwa jkc klk)najbsn`jwa passfkep

.@nwfpsfa" :6618 Wllkav" 7==38 Ijvnjbb" :664&+

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jcnawakà sl }wataksfta }wj`sfàp fp kaacac dlw pq`àpp+ J`nfatfke pq`n jcnawakà

ijv ga cfddf`qbs+ Fs wazqfwap" js j ifkfiqi" jk fkpsfsqsflkjb,pl`fasjb `liifsiaks

sl j `qbsqwa ld pjdasv" jcazqjsa acq`jsflk ld fkcftfcqjbp waejwcfke kaàppjwv }wj`sfà"

jkc sna akejeaiaks ld qpawp,}wj`sfsflkawp fk sna capfek jkc fi}baiaksjsflk ld

}wataksfta }wlewjip .Vjppf" 7==38 ]lppjif" 7==5&+ Fk plia `fw`qipsjkàp `jwaeftawp

ijv `nllpa sl }qs snaipabtap js wfph+ Dlw fkpsjkà" j najbsn`jwa ulwhaw unl daabp

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fk sna fksawaps ld }wltfcfke gassaw `jwa+

J pa`lkc bfifsjsflk ld jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp fp sna cfddf`qbsv ld fcaksfdvfke }awplkp

unl jwa fkda`sflqp+ Psqcfap njta wa}ajsacbv pnluk snjs" fk lqsgwajhp" ilps swjkpifppflk

ld fkda`sflk fp dwli }awplkp unl jwa kls wa`lekfac jp njtfke sna cfpajpa .Nqjke"

7==5&" jkc ilcabfke psqcfap njta pqeeapsac snjs fi}wltfke fcaksfdf`jsflk ld

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cfjeklpa" sul pqwtafbbjkà pvpsaip fk @jkjcfjk nlp}fsjbp njta waàksbv pnluk snjs

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sl njta jkv fkda`sflk .IÈaaw" 7==5&+ Fk jccfsflk" swjkpifppflk ld fkda`sflk

dwli jpvi}slijsf` }awplkp" jkc dwli }awplkp fk`qgjsfke fkdbqakj gqs kls vas

pvi}slijsf`" njp gaak cap`wfgac .]assfs" :6048 Pnajs" :667&+ J``lqksp ld pq`n

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swjkpifppflk" casa`sfke swjkpifppflk dwli jpvi}slijsf` fkda`sflk fp a~swaiabv

cfddf`qbs dlw j cfpajpa jp `liilk jp fkdbqakj+ Cqwfke j }jkcaif`" sna ewajsaps

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qkfkda`sac }awplkp ufbb ga sna wa`lekfsflk ld snlpa unl jwa fkda sac" jkc `j}jgba

ld p}wajcfke cfpajpa+



42/63

]awplkjb ]wlsa`sfta Azqf}iaks

]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks .]]A& fp `lkpfcawac sna bjps bfka ld cadakpa jejfkps

a~}lpqwa+ Fk eakawjb" sna akefkaawfke jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp jwa `lkpfcawac sl

ga ilwa fi}lwsjks fk }wataksfke l``q}jsflkjb a~}lpqwap+ Nluataw" snapa `lkswlb

iajpqwap ijv kls ga fk }bjà fk jbb pfsqjsflkp" lw ijv kls ga :== }aw àks adda`sfta+

Snawadlwa" ]]A pq}}baiaksp akefkaawfke jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp+

]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks fp swjcfsflkjbbv cadfkac jp p}a`fjbfac `blsnfke lw

azqf}iaks }awplkjbbv ulwk gv jk fkcftfcqjb sl }wlsa`s jejfkps j njjwc+ Fs fk`bqcap

pq`n snfkep jp eleebap" ebltap" elukp" pqwef`jb ijphp jkc wap}fwjslwp+

]awplkjb }wlsa`sfta azqf}iaks fp kls j pqgpsfsqsa dlw ellc akefkaawfke" ulwh }wj`sfà"jkc jcifkfpswjsfta `lkswlbp" gqs pnlqbc ga qpac fk `lkoqk`sflk ufsn snapa `lkswlbp sl

}wltfca dlw j pjda jkc najbsnv ulwh}bjà+ @C@" 7==5+

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fkcftfcqjbp ufbbfkekapp sl }wl}awbv uajw sna `blsnfke lw azqf}iaks jp kaacac+

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fktlbtfke acq`jsflk jkc swjfkfke+ Ilwa snjk afsnaw ld sna lsnaw sul iajpqwap

ufsnfk sna nfawjw`nv lw `lkswlb" ]]A wazqfwap dl`qpac jssaksflk gv sna uajwaw lk jcjv)sl)cjv gjpfp+

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sna ilqsn lw sna klpa+ Ijkv dj`slwp `lkswfgqsa sl sna adda`sftakapp ld ]]WA fk

wacq`fke fkdbqakj swjkpifppflk jkc snapa iqps ga jppappac ufsnfk sna ltawjbb

`lksa~s ld sna nfawjw`nv ld `lkswlb+

WAP]FWJSLWP

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cfp}lpjgba" }jwsf`qbjsa dfbsawfke" njbd)djà}faà wap}fwjslwp+ Fk lwcaw sl waijfk ufsnfk

sna `njwea" lkbv snfp sv}a ld wap}fwjslw ufbb ga cfp`qppac+



43/63

@bjppfdf`jsflk ld ]wlsa`sflk Batab

Sna `wfsawfj dlw sna batab ld }wlsa sflk }wltfcac gv j wap}fwjslw jwa `lksfkeaks q}lk

dlqw }wa)wazqfpfsap?

sna qpa ld KFLPN) awsfdfac wap}fwjslwp fk snafw j}}wltac `lkdfeqwjsflk8

fkcftfcqjb dfs sapsfke8

sna wap}fwjslw qpaw qkcawpsjkcp jkc jcnawap sl `li}basa }wlewji wazqfwaiaksp8

jkc

sna wap}fwjslw fp jbujvp ulwk unak a~}lpqwa sl fkda`sflqp }jwsf`bap l``qwp+

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Sjgba 7A~ji}bap ld sna Tjwflqp Sv}ap ld K61 Wap}fwjslwp

.7=== Hfigawbv)@bjwh Ulwbcufca Fk`+" qpac ufsn }awifppflk&

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Cq`h)Gfbb Pnj}ac" Klk)taksac

@q} Pnj}ac" Taksac

Wa)qpjgba" Wazqfwap @jwswfceap


44/63


45/63

}jwsf`bap ufsn sna ilps }akaswjsfke }jwsf`ba pfa cfjiaswa+ Snqp jk addf`fak`v ld

61 }aw àks iajkp snjs dlw }jwsf`bap ewajsaw snjk lw bapp snjk sna ilps }akaswjsfke

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J waàks psqcv gv Gjbjv as jb+ .7==4& a~}blwac sna dfbsaw }akaswjsflk fk sna kjkl}jwsf`ba

wjkea+ Sna psqcv wjfpac sna }lppfgfbfsv snjs plia K61 wap}fwjslwp ulqbc kls dfbsaw js

sna wazqfwac batab }jwsf`bap fk sna 3= ki sl >= ki .elfke cluk sl jk addf`fak`v ld

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sl njta bfssba gajwfke lk fkdbqakj `lkswlb" gqs sna psqcv ufbb njta sl ga ha}s fk ifkcunak cajbfke ufsn pijbb tfwqpap+ Dqwsnaw psqcfap ufbb ga wazqfwac sl `bjwfdv snfp fppqa+

]jwsf`ba Wabajpa gv Dfbsawp

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ilps }akaswjsfke }jwsf`ba pfza .KFLPN" 7==4&


46/63

glsn sna }jwsf`ba cfjiaswa jkc sna a~njbjsflk tabl`fsv+ Wabajpa ujp pnluk sl l``qw

dwli sna dwlks bjvaw ld sna dfbsaw ufsn snf`haw dfbsawp a~nfgfsfke j bluaw }awàksjea

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unfba wailtfke sna catfà jdsaw qpa+ Snawa jwa `qwwaksbv kl }qgbfpnac psqcfap

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Influenza Transmission and Personal Protective Respiratory Equipment

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