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Influencing people
Commanding people
Leading people
Guiding people
According to Koontz and o’ Donnell “it is the art of including the
subordinates to accomplish their assignments with zeal and
confidence. Zeal reflects ardour, earnestness and intensity in
execution of work; confidence reflects experience and technical
ability.”
Do not follow where the path may lead.
Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
Harold R. McClendon
MANAGING LEADING
Values results Values relationships
Relates to positions Low regard for positions
Takes few risks Takes large risks
Somewhat impersonal Somewhat impersonal Personal and
caring
Conforms to rules of others Not receptive to the rules of others
Status quo – low innovation New ideas – high innovation
Functional – analyze, evaluate, solve Non Functional –inspire, motivate
Visionary - “A leader is a dealer in hope” – Napoleon Bonaparte
Reliable - “Delegating work works, provided the one delegating works, too.” – Robert Half
Trustworthy – “To be trusted is greater compliment than being loved”- George McDonald
Learner - “If you aren't growing then neither are your people"
Self worth – “We have all a better guide in ourselves, if we would attend to it, than any other person can be.” -Jane Austen
Good Listener – “Everything has been said before, but since
nobody listens we have to keep going back and beginning all over
again.” – Andre Gide
Positive - “A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an
optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” - Winston
Churchill Focused
Focused – "Concentration is the secret of strengths in politics, in
war, in trade, in short in all management of human affairs.“- Ralph
Waldo Emerson
Confident – “Nobody can make you feel inferior without your
consent. ” -Eleanor Roosevelt
Transactional leadership
Transformational leadership
Transactional leadership approaches followers with an
eye to exchanging one thing for another.
This type of leadership is effective in crisis and
emergency situations, as well as when projects need to
be carried out in a specific fashion
Transformational leadership styles focus on team-
building, motivation and collaboration with employees
at different levels of an organization to accomplish
change for the better.
AUTOCRATIC LEADERS
DEMOCRATIC LEADERS
FREE REIN LEADERS
Directive style
Centralized decision making
Believes in position and authority
Seek no consultation from subordinates
Dominates and dictates
Under the conditions of emergency, autocratic
leadership can yield positive result.
Famous example is Adolf Hitler
Participative style
Decentralized decision making
Participation, consultation, discussions and agreement
are essential ingredients of this style
Environment of freedom, respect, love and affection
Interest clash
Slow and time consuming
A famous example
Indira Gandhi
Very little guidance from leaders
Complete freedom for followers to make decisions
Group members are expected to solve problems on
their own
Not ideal in situations where group members lack the
knowledge or experience
Lack of feedback
I)Great Man Theory : Great leaders are born, and not
made
II)Trait Theory: People are born with inherited traits.
III) Behavioral Theory: Great leaders are made, not
born.
a) Ohio State Theories
b) The Michigan Studies
c)The Managerial Grid
IV) Contingency Theory: There is no one best way of
leading and one leadership style which is effective in
some situations may not be successful in others.
a)Fiedler Contingency Model
b)Path Goal Theory
c)Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
V) Situational Theory: Leaders choose the best course
of action based upon situational variables.
I) Great Man Theory : Great Man Theories assume that great
leaders are born, not made.
II) Trait Theory: Trait Theories assume that people inherit certain
qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership.
III) Behavioral Theory : Behavioral Theories assume that great
leaders are made, not born.
IV) Contingency Theory : Contingency theories of leadership focus
on particular variables related to the environment that might
determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the
situation.
V) Situational Theory : Situational theories propose that leaders
choose the best course of action based upon situational variables.
Martin Luther King
Winston Churchill
Mahatma Gandhi
Mao Zedong
Adolf Hitler
Jack Welch
Leona Helmsley
Mary Kay Ash
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