WHEAT-RHIZOBA CTERIA INTERACTIONS UNDER LEAD STRESS CONDITION 49 Cercet ări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLVI , No. 1 (153) / 2013 INFLUENCE OF RHIZOBACTERIA INOCULATION AND LEAD STRESS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF WHEAT GENOTYPES M. JANMOHAMMADI 1 *, M.R. BIHAMTA 2 , F. GHASEMZADEH 3 *E-mail: [email protected]Received January 8, 2013 1 Dep artment of A gronom y an d Plant Breed ing, Agriculture College, University of Ma ragheh, Iran 2 Dep artment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronom y Sciences, Co llege of A gri culture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran ABSTRACT. Contamination of soils by lead (Pb) is of widespread occurrence as result of human, agricultural and industrial activities. A pot study was carried out to evaluate physio-biochemical responses (chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants) of 10 bread wheat genotypes to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (combination of Azospirillum brasilenseand Azotobacter chroococcum) under Pb stress (0 and 65 mg kg -1 ). Result revealed that lead stress averagely decreased grain yield of wheat cultivars by 41.4 %. Lead stress increased lipid peroxidation and induced a significant accumulation of proline in leaves. Protein content decreased from 8–25.4% in different cultivars in Pb- contaminated soils. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the presence of lead. An increase in total hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content was noticed under lead stress in all cultivars, which was similar to production of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, promotion of growth was evident in most cultivars as a consequence of rhizobacterial inoculation, since plant growth promoting rhizobacteria could improve grain yield, proline content and membrane integrity, while significantly reduced the production of MDA and H 2 O 2 . Total chlorophyll content considerably declined with Pb stress. Between cultivars the best performance under lead stress was observed in Sardari, Shahriyar and Gaspard which had the highest yield and antioxidants activity. Obtained results showed that inoculation with Azotobacterand
20
Embed
Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture College, University of Maragheh, Iran2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy Sciences, College of Agriculture andNatural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Azad University,Karaj Branch, Iran
ABSTRACT. Contamination of soils by
lead (Pb) is of widespread occurrence as
result of human, agricultural and industrial
activities. A pot study was carried out to
evaluate physio-biochemical responses
(chlorophyll content, soluble protein,
proline content and activities of enzymatic
antioxidants) of 10 bread wheat genotypes
to inoculation of plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (combination of Azospirillum
brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum)
under Pb stress (0 and 65 mg kg-1
). Result
revealed that lead stress averagely decreased
grain yield of wheat cultivars by 41.4 %.
Lead stress increased lipid peroxidation and
induced a significant accumulation of
proline in leaves. Protein content decreased
from 8–25.4% in different cultivars in Pb-contaminated soils. Activities of antioxidant
enzymes, such as, ascorbate peroxidase,
superoxide dismutase and catalase were
significantly increased in the presence of
lead. An increase in total hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) content was noticed under lead stress
in all cultivars, which was similar to
production of malondialdehyde (MDA).
However, promotion of growth was evident
in most cultivars as a consequence of
rhizobacterial inoculation, since plant
growth promoting rhizobacteria could
improve grain yield, proline content and
membrane integrity, while significantly
reduced the production of MDA and H2O2.
Total chlorophyll content considerably
declined with Pb stress. Between cultivars
the best performance under lead stress was
observed in Sardari, Shahriyar and Gaspard
which had the highest yield and antioxidantsactivity. Obtained results showed that
inoculation with Azotobacter and
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
Pb-free conditionPb-free condition+inoculation with PGPR Pb stressPb stress+inoculation with PGPR
LSD= 3.501
Figure 1 - Effect of PGPR inoculation and Pb stress on proline content in leaves ofdifferent wheat cultivars. The values and standards errors (vertical bars) of three
replications are shown.
0
20
40
60
80
100
A zar2 G as kozh en Roshan Zarin MV17 P ishgam Al amout Shahri ar Gas pard Sardari
C A T ( U
m g - 1
P r o t e i n )
Control
Inocultion with PGPR LSD= 10.53
Figure 2 - Effect of PGPR inoculation on catalse activity in leaves of different wheat
cultivars. The values and standards errors (vertical bars) of three replications areshown.
Analysis of enzymatic
antioxidants showed that the activity
of SOD and CAT significantly
increased by heavy metal stress. SOD
activity under Pb stress conditions
averagely increase by 31% and the
greatest increase was recorded in cv.
Azar 2 (87%). A similar trend was
observed for CAT activity, since the
activity of this enzyme increased
more than twice under lead stress
when compared with pb-free
condition. The largest increase was
observed in Sardari, Shahriar,
Pishgam and MV17 cultivars. The
result of interaction between
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
rhizobacteria decreased CAT activityin Roshan and MV17 cultivars.
However, Pishgam cultivars showed a
significant increase by PGPR.
Investigation the effects of Pb
stress and PGPR on APX activity in
different cultivars is shown in Fig. 3.
Although Pb stress induced the
activity of APX, the bacterial
inoculation effect was dissimilar in
different cultivars. Rhizobacterial
inoculation could significantlyincrease APX activity in cvs. Sardari
and Zarin under Pb stress. The highest
APX activity was recorded in cv.
Pishgam under Pb stress without
PGPR which may refer to high
scavenging capacity of this genotype.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Azar2 Gasgozhen Roshan Zarin MV17 Pishgam Alamout Shahriar Gaspard Sardari A P X
( m m o l a s c o r b a t . m g - 1 p r o t e i n . m
i n )
Pb-free conditionPb-free condition+inoculation with PGPR
Pb stressPb stress+inoculation with PGPR
LSD= 9.021
Figure 3 - Effect of PGPR inoculation and Pb stress on ascorbate peroxidase inleaves of different wheat cultivars. The values and standards errors (vertical bars) of
three replications are shown.
Changes in lipid per oxidation
and malanodialdehyde production in
leaves of wheat cultivars under lead
stress and PGPR inoculation is shown
in Fig. 4. Metal stress significantly
increased lipid peroxidation and
rhizobacterial inoculation reduced
malanodialdehyde production in some
cultivars like as Azar 2, Gasgozhen,
Zarin, Gaspard and Sardari (Fig. 4).
The results in relation to the effect of
Pb on membrane stability measured in
terms of solutes leakage showed that
the plasma membrane in Sardari,Pishgam and MV17 cultivars
appropriately was protected from the
destructive effects of lead stress. This
was consistent with the results
obtained from the malondialdehyde
assessments. However, membrane
stability in cv. Azar 2 and cv. Roshan
stress drastically affected by Pb stress
(37%).
Results indicated that grain yield
under Pb stress averagely decrease
about 4.41% in comparison with
control. Furthermore rhizobacterial
inoculation could increase grain yield
up to 6 percent. Although, the maineffects were significant, their
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
Pb-free condition+inoculation with PGPR Pb stressPb stress+inoculation with PGPR
LSD= 4.067
Figure 4 - Effect of PGPR inoculation and Pb stress on malanodialdehyde in leavesof different wheat cultivars. The values and standards errors (vertical bars) of three
replications are shown.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Pb-free condition Pb stress
1 0 0 G r a i n
s W e i g h t ( g )
Inoculated with PGPR
ControlLSD=0.11
Figure 5 - Effect of PGPR inoculation and Pb stress on 100-grain weight. The valuesand standards errors (vertical bars) of three replications are shown.
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
WHEAT-RHIZOBACTERIA INTERACTIONS UNDER LEAD STRESS CONDITION
61
0
1
2
3
4
5
Azar2 Gas ko zh en Ro sh an Zari n MV1 7 P is hgam Al amou t Sh ah ri ar Gas pard Sard ari
1 0 0 - g r a i n w e i g h t ( g )
Control
Inocultion with PGPR LSD= 0.11
Figure 6 - Effect of PGPR inoculation on 100-grain weight of different wheatcultivars. The values and standards errors (vertical bars) of three replications are
shown.
Figure 7 - Dendrograms established from Pearson correlation between cultivarsusing Ward method based on biochemical and physiological traits.
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
Alia M.P., Matysik J., 2001 - Effect ofproline on the production of singletoxygen. Amino Acids, 21, 195-200.
Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., Teare I.D.,1973 - Rapid determination of freeproline for water-stress studies.Plant Soil, 39, 205-207.
Bewely J.D., Black M., 1982 - Physiologyand biochemistry of seeds in relationto germination, Spring-Verlage,Berlin, Germany.
Bhardwaj P., Chaturvedi A.K., PrasadP., 2009 - Effect of enhanced lead
and cadmium in soil on physiologicaland biochemical attributes ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. Nature andScience, 7, 63-75.
Bhattacharyya M., Choudhuri M.A.,1997 - Effect of Pb and Cd on thebiochemical changes in the leaves ofterrestrial (Vigna) and aquatic(Hydrilla) plants under solutionculture. Indian Journal of PlantPhysiology, 32, 99-103.
Bianco C., Defez R., 2009 - Medicagotruncatula improves salt tolerancewhen nodulated by an indole-3-acetic acid-overproducingSinorhizobium meliloti strain. Journalof Experimental Botany. 60, pp.3097–107.
Bradford M.M., 1976 - A rapid andsensitive method for the quantitationof microgram quantities of proteinutilizating the principle of proteindyes binding. Annual Review of
Biochemistry, 72, 248–254.Chen G.X., Asada K., 1989 - Ascorbate
peroxidase in tea leaves:Occurrence of two isoenzymes andthe differences in their enzymaticand molecular properties. Plant CellPhysiology, 30, 987-998.
Copeland R., 1994 - Method for Protein Analysis. Chapman and Hall, USA.
Dietz K.J., Baier M., Kramer U., 1999 -Free radicals and reactive oxygenspecies as mediators of heavy metaltoxicity in plants. In: Prasad,M.N.V.and Hagemeyer, J. (eds), Heavy
metal stress in plants: frommolecules to ecosystems, 73-97.
Drazkiewicz M., 1994 - Chlorophyll-occurrence, functions, mechanism ofaction, effects of internal andexternal factors. Photosynthetica,30, 321-331.
Drinkwater L.E., Snapp S.S., 2007 -Nutrients in agroecosystems:Rethinking the managementparadigm, Advances in Agronomy.92, 163-186.
Ellis R.H., Roberts E.H. 1981 - Thequantification of ageing and survivalin orthodox seeds, Seed Science
and Technology. 9, 373-409.Ericson M.C., Alfinito A.E., 1984 -
Proteins produced during salt stressin tobacco cell cultures, PlantPhysiology. 74, 506–509.
Garbisu C., Hernandez-Allica J.,Barrutia O., Alkorta I., BecerrilJ.M., 2002 - Phytoremediation: atechnology using green plants toremove contaminants from pollutedareas, Reviews on EnvironmentalHealth. 17, 173-188.
Glick B.R., 2003 - Phytoremediation:synergistic use of plants andbacteria to clean up theenvironment. Biotechnology
Advance, 21, 383-393.Glick B.R., 2010 - Using soil bacteria to
Inskeep W.P., Bloom P.R., 1985 -Extinction coefficients of chlorophylla and b in N, Ndimethylformamideand 80% acetone. Plant Physiology,77, 483-485.
Jain, R.K., Kumar H., Saxena N.P., 1998 - Effect of cobalt and mercury onseedling vigour in Brassicacampestris var. Toria P.T. 303,Journal of the Indian BotanicalSociety, 774, pp. 13-18.
John R., Ahmad P., Gadgil K., SharmaS., 2008 - Effect of cadmium andlead on growth, biochemicalparameters and uptake in Lemna
polyrrhiza L. Plant, Soil andEnvironment, 54, 262-270.
Kumar P.B.A., Dushenkov V., Motto H.,Raskin I., 1995 - Phytoextraction:the use of plants to remove heavymetals from soils. EnvironmentalScience and Technology, 29, 1232-1238.
Ma Y., Rajkumar M., Freitas H., 2009 -Inoculation of plant growthpromoting bacteria Achromobacter
xylosoxidans strain Ax10 forimprovement of copperphytoextraction by Brassica juncea.Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 90, 831-837.
Moldovan L., Moldovan N.I., 2004 -Oxygen free radicals and redoxbiology of organelles. Histochemistryand Cell Biology, 122, 395-412.
Ohwada T., Sagisaka S., 1987 - AnImmediate and Steep Increase in
ATP Concentration in Response to
Reduced Turgor Pressure inEscherichia coli B. Archives ofBiochemistry and Biophysics, 259, 1,157-163.
Patra M., Bhowmik N., BandopadhyayB., Sharma A., 2004 - Comparisonof mercury, lead and arsenic withrespect to genotoxic effects on plantsystems and the development ofgenetic tolerance. Environmentaland Experimental Botany, 52, 199-223.
Prochazkova D., Sairam R.K.,Srivastava G.C., Singh D.V., 2001 -Oxidative stress and antioxidantactivity as the basis of senescencein maize leaves. Plant Science, 161,765-771.
Rao R.I.V., 1979 - Measurement andcharacterization of some heavymetals Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cu in theaquatic environment of the KaluRiver, M.Sc. Thesis of the Universityof Bombay.
Sairam R.K., Deshmukh P.S., ShuklaD.S., 1997 - Increased antioxidantenzyme activity in response to
drought and temperature stressrelated with stress tolerance inwheat genotypes, Abstract: NationalSeminar (ISSP), IARI, New Delhi.pp. 69.
Samaras Y., Bressan R.A., Csonka L.N.,Paino M.G., Urzo D., Rhodes D.,1995 - Proline accumulation duringdrought and salinity, in: N. Smirnoff(Ed.), Environment and PlantMetabolism, Bios ScientificPublishers, Oxford, pp. 161–187
Sengar RS., Pandey M., 1996 - Inhibitionof chlorophyll biosynthesis by lead ingreening Pisum sativum leafsegments. Biology of Plant, 38, 459-462.
Sen-Gupta A., Webb R.P., Holaday A.S.,Allen R.D., 1993 - Overexpressionof superoxide dismutase protectsplants from oxidative stress. PlantPhysiology, 103, 1067-1073.
Sharma P., Dubey R.S., 2005 - Lead
toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal ofPlant Physiology, 17, 35-52.
Sharma R., SinghV.P., Srivastava A.,Sharma S.K., 1995 - The influenceof copper on the mutagenicefficiency of EMS in mung bean.Journal of the Indian BotanicalSociety, 74, 81-83.
Stoeva, N., Bineva T., 2003 - Oxidativechanges and photosynthesis in oatplants grown in as-contaminatedsoil. Bulgarian Journal of PlantPhysiology, 29, 87-95.
8/14/2019 Influence of Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Lead Stress on the Physiological And
WHEAT-RHIZOBACTERIA INTERACTIONS UNDER LEAD STRESS CONDITION
67
Surekha H., Duhan S.J., 2012 -Chromium stress on peroxidase,ascorbate peroxidase and acidinvertase in pea (Pisum sativum L.)seedling. International Journal forBiotechnology and MolecularBiology Research, 3, 15-21.
Tak H.I., Ahmad F., Babalola O., 2013 - Advances in the application of plantgrowth-promoting rhizobacteria inphytoremediation of heavy metals.Reviews of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology, 223,33-52.
Umrania V.V., 2006 - Bioremediation of
toxic heavy metals usingacidothermophilic autotrophes.Bioresource Technology, 97, 1237-1242.
Wilkins D.A., 1957 - A technique for themeasurement of Pb tolerance inplants. Nature, 180, 37-38.
Yamamoto Y., Kobayashi Y.,Matsumoto H., 2001 - Lipidperoxidation is an early symptomtriggered by aluminum, but not theprimary cause of elongationinhibition in pea roots. Plant Physiol,125, 199-208.
Zengin F.K., Munzuroglu O., 2005 -Effects of some heavy metals oncontent of chlorophyll, proline andsome antioxidant chemicals in bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings.