INES - RUHENGERI INES SURVEYING LABORATORY/ SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS Elaborated by Laboratory team, March 2014 A theodolite as shown above is a precision instrument for measuring angles and distances in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theodolites are used mainly for surveying applications. A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes—the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis. When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically to seconds of arc. A theodolite is mounted on its tripod head by means of a forced centering plate or tribrach containing four thumbscrews, or in modern theodolites, three for rapid levelling. Before use, a theodolite must be precisely placed vertical above the point to be measured using a plumb bob, optical plummet or laser plummet. The instrument is then set level using levelling footscrews and circular and more precise tubular spirit bubbles. A dumpy level, builder's auto level, leveling instrument, or automatic level is an optical instrument used to establish or check points in the same horizontal plane. It is used in surveying and building to transfer, measure, or set horizontal levels. The level instrument is set up on a tripod and, depending on the type, either roughly or accurately set to a leveled condition using footscrews (levelling screws). The operator looks through the eyepiece of the telescope while an assistant holds a tape measure or graduated staff vertical at the point under measurement. The instrument and staff are used to gather and/or transfer elevations (levels) during site surveys or building construction. Measurement generally starts from a benchmark with known height determined by a previous survey, or an arbitrary point with an assumed height. A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point. Coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known coordinate can be determined using the total station as long as a direct line of sight can be established between the two points. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under survey, and the coordinates (X, Y, and Z or easting, northing and elevation) of surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation. To determine an absolute location a Total Station requires line of sight observations and must be set up over a known point or with line of sight to 2 or more points with known location. Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated microwave or infrared carrier signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path, and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The distance is determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies, and determining the integer number of wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point. Robotic total station with automatic target recognition and excellent tracking performance. Simple routines for all positioning tasks. Builder 209 & 309; Easy to use, tough total stations, built specially for site work. Fast, reliable angle & distance measurements. Highly accurate and productive total stations. Superb angle & distance technology, powerful suite of on-board programs, many sensor and accuracy options, highest reliability. Perfect for all surveying and engineering work. Rugged, adaptable total stations with accurate angle measurements, quadruple axis compensation, powerful reflectorless EDM, data output in any format, and application programs for surveying and engineering. GNSS Leica GS09, Exchangeable communication devices for field base stations and RTK rovers with removable SIM card. We also have projectors: The VPL-EX100 which is an Excellent choice for Education or Business, thanks to a long-lasting lamp design and low power consumption. Tripod; The most important criterion for a good tripod is its stability, quite explicitly, the torsional rigidity. The Leica GS09 can be used in a large variety of operating modes, providing you with a complete surveying system. Requiring only the GS09 SmartAntenna and CS09 Controller, combined with appropriate accessories, many different operating choices are available. 1. RTK Rover The extremely light- weight and cable free rover is comfortable to use for the entire day. Built exceptionally rugged, the rover withstands rough use and topple overs. 2.Reference Station The easily setup RTK base station requires only the GS09 SmartAntenna, a radio modem and battery. By connecting the CS09 Controller, raw satellite data can be logged. 3.Network Rover The Leica GS09 works perfectly in all reference networks. The network corrections can be received with Leica GSM/CDMA modules or by using your mobile phone. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.[1] Military actions was the original intent for GPS, however in the 1980s, the U.S. government decided to allow the GPS program to be used by civilians. Weather conditions do not affect the ability for GPS to work. The systems works 24/7 anywhere in the world. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS. Double Prism Optical Square: Use for: -Placing points on line -Offset measurements -Detail plans and area measurement -Setting out curves -Determining the horizontal -Simple height measurements GPS devices may have capabilities such as: -maps, including streets maps, displayed in human readable format via text or in a graphical format... We also have hoes, machete, pics and so on to help clearing in a working environment. Radio & accessories Steel tape measure Hammer to make a good peg enforcement Wheel meter for measuring distances Ranging rods help in Alignment establishment MS 16 Mirror SOKKIA Streoscope: designed to be the smallest possible size while still enabling the stereoscopic viewing of a pair of photographs without folding or overlapping. Some of our instruments do not work under the rain Internal & external removable & rechargeable batteries 3D Laser Scanner is the perfect tool for automatic testing & measuring of dimensions. Capture tens of millions of measurements with high- resolution, digital color to match. Lightweight, fast, and surprisingly easy to use - the Focus3D makes 3D scanning affordable and accessible for your application. For anybody working on or around a site with the need of a simple, intuitive, yet innovative, long-lasting and powerful measuring tool, we are here for you. We allow beginners and professionals to do their works quickly and efficiently.