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Educational Psychology
Considering Individual Differences
William G. Huitt
Last Revised: uly !"""
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Considering Individual Differences
In general# there are three different
a$$roaches for dealing %ith individual
differences among students:
• Develo$ events of instruction that
ta&e into account individual differences
•
Provide some sort of grou$ing in order toreduce or accommodate the varia'ility %ith
res$ect to student 'ac&ground# achievement#
a'ility or some other characteristic.
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Considering Individual Differences
In general# there are three different
a$$roaches for dealing %ith individual
differences among students:
• (odify the conditions %ithin %hich
instruction is ta&ing $lace.
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)he *(+) ,ystem
)he *(+) system is a strategy for dealing
%ith individual differences is to develo$ or
modify the events of instruction so that they
s$ecifically address individual differences.
It is a direct instruction a$$roach to teaching
that utili-es research on 'rain laterali-ation
dominance and learning style to identifys$ecific instructional events that %ill 'e
attractive to a s$ecific ty$e of student.
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)he *(+) ,ystem
Concrete5Random,P 2,ensingPerceiving4
,an0uine
WH;<
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)he *(+) ,ystem
+'stract5,e0uential= 2Intuitiveudging4
CholericWH+)<
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)he *(+) ,ystem
Concrete5,e0uential, 2,ensingudging4
(elancholyH>W<
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)he *(+) ,ystem
+'stract5Random=P 2IntuitivePerceiving4
PhlegmaticI?<
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)he *(+) ,ystem
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)he *(+) ,ystem
Each learning style is associated %ith 'oth
left5 and right5'rain learners.
Left
Logical# rational#
se0uential# serial#
ver'al
Right
Intuitive#
emotional# holistic#
$arallel# and
tactile5&inesthetic
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)he *(+) ,ystem
)he *(+) system is designed to $rovide every
student %ith a $referred tas& during every
lesson. )here are the 3 instructional events$ro$osed 'y this system.
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)he *(+) ,ystem
,)EP LE?) (>DE RIGH) (>DE
WH;<
! Create an
e@$erience
8Reflect+naly-e
a'out e@$erience
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)he *(+) ,ystem
,)EP LE?) (>DE RIGH) (>DE
WH+)<
A Integrate into
conce$ts
*Develo$ conce$ts
and s&ills
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)he *(+) ,ystem
,)EP LE?) (>DE RIGH) (>DE
H>W<
B
+dd something
of oneself
Practice defined
givens
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)he *(+) ,ystem
,)EP LE?) (>DE RIGH) (>DE
I?<
9
+dd something
of oneself 3
+naly-e a$$lication
for relevance
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)he *(+) ,ystem
)he *(+) system seems to have considera'le
face validity# although there is not a %ides$read
research 'ase to su$$ort it.
Ho%ever# follo%ing the *(+) system forces the
teacher to $rovide her students %ith
o$$ortunities to engage in higher5orderthin&ing.