Industry

IndustryRevisionIndustryRevision

DefinitionDefinition

The work people do for a living (profit) is called industry.

Classification of industry (1)Classification of industry (1)

Primary Industry – extractive industries which produce raw materials such as farming, mining and fishing.

Classification of industry (2)Classification of industry (2) Secondary Industry – manufacturing

industries (where raw materials are processed into finished products such as steel making and brewing).

Assembling industries (where components are put together such as car and computer assembly).

Power producing industries such as where fuel from oil and coal is used to generate electricity.

Classification of industry (3)Classification of industry (3)

Tertiary Industry – service industries which involve no finished product. But provide personal services to the community, such as teaching and the police force.

Classification of industry (4)Classification of industry (4)

Quaternary Industry – Information and office based industries such as finance, insurance, computer software and internet services.

Industrial Location (1)Industrial Location (1) Primary Industries

Found at the source of the raw material, for example, where there are minerals to be mined, fish to be caught or land to be

farmed.

Industrial Location (2)Industrial Location (2)

Service Industries

Most service industries are found in towns and cities where many people live.

Industrial Location (3)Industrial Location (3)

Quaternary Industries

Most quaternary industries are found in towns and cities where many people live. But some quaternary industries can be located wherever there is a computer

modem.

Location of the manufacturing industry (1)

Location of the manufacturing industry (1)

Deciding on the location of the manufacturing industry is more difficult. Many important fact, called factors, must be taken into account

Location of the manufacturing industry (2)

Location of the manufacturing industry (2)

Is there a labour supply nearby?

Is there flat land? Is there a

power supply?

Are there good transport facilities?

We need to be near raw materials.

We need to be near customers.

Heavy IndustryHeavy Industry

The heavy industry is a manufacturing industry that uses heavy or bulky raw materials to make heavy or bulky goods.

Can you think of any?

Location of Heavy IndustriesLocation of Heavy Industries

Near raw materials

Near power supply

Near cheap

transport

On flat land

Iron and steel makingIron and steel making1. The best location before 1800

2. The best location from 1800

to 1950

3. The best location since 1950

Location 1 - before 1800Location 1 - before 1800 The best location was:

Near the raw materials – iron ore and limestoneNear a power supply – woodNear running water to drive the machines

The industry was located in forests, besides running water, where iron ore and limestone were found.

Location 2 – after 1800Location 2 – after 1800Coal replaced wood as the fule to

heat the iron and drive the machines.

There was cheap transport now in the form of canals and railways,

So the industry was sited on or near coalfields, and located beside canals and railways.

Location 3 – after 1950Location 3 – after 1950

Iron ore had to be imported from abroad, and steelworks had become very large.

They were sited on very large areas of flat land located near coastal ports.

Re-cap Re-cap

1800 - 1950

Before 1800

Since

1950

DefinitionDefinition

A Light industry is a manufacturing industry that uses light, raw materials in small amount to produce light or small goods.

Eg: watches or television sets.

Location of light industriesLocation of light industries

Near fast transport

Near to market

Near a labour supply

Offeredgovernment aid

Industrial estatesIndustrial estates

Many light industries are located on industrial estates or business parks.

These are planned areas in towns and cities where only factories and offices can be built.

Industrial estate locationIndustrial estate location

Close to fast communications, especially

main roads

On cheap, flat land

On land where expansion is

possible

On land where planning permission is easily

obtained

Assisted areasAssisted areas

A assisted areas are areas helped by the government to improve unemployment and attract industry.

How do you think the government could do this?

Types of regional aidTypes of regional aid

Giving grants and loans to factories that set up in the area.

Building more roads to serve the area

Training the local labour force in the skills required

Offering low rents and rates for the first few years

Providing ready-made factories with services laid on

Effects of new industryEffects of new industryWhen a factory is built, it brings many jobs, but not just in the factory itself

People are needed to build the

factory

The factory may need the services of local trades people and transport companies

With extra jobs the population may rise, so new houses will be

built.

Shops and services will do more trade, because there are more

people with more money to spend.

The amount of traffic in the area will

increase.

Effects of factories closingEffects of factories closing

When any company closes down, people become unemployed.

But is a large factory that employs most of the people in the area shuts the effects on the community can be very severe.

Effects of factories closingEffects of factories closingWorkers lose jobs

Trades people, lorry drivers all loose work

People move away and find

work

Shops and other services

suffer

Whole areas becomes run-

down

Effects of coal-mine closureEffects of coal-mine closureEffects of coal-mine closureEffects of coal-mine closureThe effect can be in three stages:

Unemployment rises, people move away, shops close and the area

becomes derelict, with dismantled

railway lines waste tips, etc.

With high unemployment in the area, regional

aid is given to restore the

landscape (eg: pulling down old

buildings) so that it can be used again.

Aid is given to new factories that set up in

the area. As new industries open,

peoples standard of living should start to rise

again.