Industries

• 1. INDUSTRIES Subject Teacher- Mrs Muniya KambleMade By GHANASHYAM

2. BULLETS Secondary activities or manufacturingchange raw materials into products ofmore value to people. Industry refers to an economic activitythat is concerned with production ofgoods, extraction of minerals or theprovision of services. Industries may be agro , mineral , marineand forest based depending on the type ofraw materials they use. 3. BULLETS Agrobased industries use plant andanimal based products as their rawmaterials. Food processing, vegetable oil,cotton textile, dairy products and leatherindustries are examples of agro-basedindustries. Mineral based industries are primaryindustries that use mineral ores as theirraw materials. The products of theseindustries feed other industries. 4. BULLETS Marinebased industries use productsfrom the sea and oceans as raw materials.Industries processing sea food ormanufacturing fish oil are some examples. Forest based industries utilise forestproduce as raw materials. The industriesassociated with forests are pulp andpaper, pharmaceuticals, furniture andbuildings. 5. BULLETS Industries can be classified into privatesector, state owned or public sector, jointsector and cooperative sector. Private sector industries are owned andoperated by individuals or a group ofindividuals. The public sector industries are ownedand operated by the government, such asHindustan Aeronautics Limited and SteelAuthority of India Limited. 6. BULLETS Joint sector industries are owned andoperated by the state and individuals or agroup of individuals. Maruti Udyog Limitedis an example of joint sector industry. Co-operative sector industries are ownedand operated by the producers orsuppliers of raw materials, workers orboth. Anand Milk Union Limited andSudha Dairy are a success stories of a co-operative venture. 7. SUDHA DAIRY 8. BULLETS Thefactors affecting the location ofindustries are the availability of rawmaterial, land, water, labour, power,capital, transport and market. An industrial system consists of inputs,processes and outputs. The inputs are theraw materials, labour and costs of land,transport, power and other infrastructure. 9. INDUSTRIAL REGIONS 10. BULLETS Industrial regions emerge when a numberof industries locate close to each otherand share the benefits of their closeness. India has several industrial regions likeMumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-TamilNadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chottanagpur industrialbelt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt,Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region and theKollam-Thiruvanathapuram industrialcluster. 11. UNION CARBIDE 12. BULLETS Theworlds major industries are the ironand steel industry, the textile industry andthe information technology industry. The countries in which iron and steelindustry is located are Germany, USA,China, Japan and Russia. Textile industry is concentrated in India,Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan andTaiwan. 13. BULLETS Themajor hubs of Information technologyindustry are the Silicon valley of CentralCalifornia and the Bangalore region ofIndia. Like other industries iron and steelindustry too comprises various inputs,processes and outputs. This is a feederindustry whose products are used as rawmaterial for other industries. 14. STEEL INDUSTRY Theinputs for the industry include rawmaterials such as iron ore, coal andlimestone, along with labour, capital, siteand other infrastructure. The process ofconverting iron ore into steel involvesmany stages. The raw material is put in the blast furnacewhere it undergoes smelting It is then refined. The output obtained issteel which may be used by otherindustries as raw material. 15. BLAST FURNACE 16. BULLETS Steelis tough and it can easily be shaped,cut, or made into wire. Special alloys ofsteel can be made by adding smallamounts of other metals such asaluminium, nickel, and copper. Alloys givesteel unusual hardness, toughness, orability to resist rust. Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industrywas located where raw materials, powersupply and running water were easilyavailable. 17. BULLETSA the important steel producing centressuch as Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur,Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro aresituated in a region that spreads over fourstates West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissaand Chhattisgarh. Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka,Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh,Salem in Tamil Nadu are other importantsteel centres utilising local resources. 18. TATA STEEL INDUSTRY Before 1947, there was only one iron and steel plant in the country Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO). It was privately owned. After Independence, the government took the initiative and set up several iron and steel plants. TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand. Geographically, Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel centre in the country. 19. Pittsburgh PittsburghIt is an important steel city of the United States of America. The steel industry at Pittsburghenjoys locational advantages. Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while the iron ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh. Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the worlds best routes for shipping ore cheaply the famous Great Lakes waterway. 20. BULLETS Thetextile industry can be divided on thebasis of raw materials used in them.Fibres are the raw material of textileindustry. Fibres can be natural or man-made.Natural fibres are obtained from wool, silk,cotton, linen and jute. Man made fibresinclude nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon. 21. BULLETS Thecotton textile industry is one of theoldest industries in the world. Till theindustrial revolution in the 18th century,cotton cloth was made using handspinning techniques (wheels) and looms. Today India, China, Japan and USA arethe important producers of cotton textiles. The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes ofMasulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut andGold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur,Surat and Vadodara were knownworldwide for their quality and design. 22. COTTON MANUFACTURING REGIONS IN INDIA 23. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The information technology industrydeals in the storage, processing anddistribution of information. Today, thisindustry has become global. This is due toa series of technological, political, andsocio-economic events. There are other emerging informationtechnology hubs in metropolitan centres ofIndia such as Mumbai,New Delhi,Hyderabad and Chennai. Other cities suchas Gurgaon, Pune, Thiruvanthapuram,Kochi and Chandigarh are also importantcentres of the IT industry. 24. A VIEW OF IT INDUSTRY