Industrialization & Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order Chapter 24.

Industrialization & Imperialism:The Making of the European

Global Order

Chapter 24

Map Exercise 24.1European Colonial Territories, Before and

After 1800 (page 570)

• 1. The World in 1763– a. What was the largest European Empire?– b. Which European nations had overseas

empires?

• 2. The World in 1830– a. Which European nation had the largest

empire?– b. Which European nations had largely lost

their empires?– c. What events between 1763 & 1830 would

account for their changes?

Map Exercise 24.2 & 24.3The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java (page 571)

The Growth of the British Empire in India (page 573)

• 1. Early expansions prior to 1800– a. What lands did the British & Dutch control?– b. How would you describe the pattern of

acquisition & control?

• 2. Expansion after 1800– a. What patterns did British & Dutch pursue in

acquiring colonies?– b. What would be the benefit of having allies &

dependent states?

Map Exercise 24.4The Partition of Africa (page 579)

• 1. Map around 1870– a. Which European nations control what areas?– b. Describe the pattern of settlement.– c. What might account for this pattern of

control?

• 2. Map around 1914– a. Which 2 states have gotten the largest

African empires?– b. What other states have African empires?– c. Why might Germany be considered a

“spoiler” in Africa?

Land empires in Asia

early partition of world haphazard

officials would expand authority then report home

Dutch in Java

1. pay tribute2. monopoly on spices3. support winner of Mataram throne4. regularly intervene5. gain land

British rule in India

pivotal

much like Dutch in Java

British East India Company

Mughal Empire disintegratesBritish intervene with sepoys

global rivalry with French

Plassey (1757)- control of Bengal

Consolidation of British Rule

Presidencies – Calcutta, Madras, Bombay- directly govern territories

other regions controlled by agents in Indian court

19th c. – major colonial possession

Sepoys

Indian ports

- raw materials- markets for manufactured goods- overseas investment

early colonial society – leave Asian social systems intact

formed new “top” classprevious rulers do administrative work

accommodate to indigenous culture

Social reform

late 18th century- corruption in BEI Co

reforms - made more accountable to British govt

re-make Indian society

Industrial Rivalries

industrialization increases Western military superiority

Western nations become unchallenged masters of other civilizations

- increase economic competition- increase political rivalries

British dominate til 1850- then Belgium, France, Germany & US

Colonial Wars mass produced weapons

machine gunsrailroadssteamships

few natives could compete

1914 – all Africa fallen to Europeans- Liberia & Ethiopia not colonies

- SE Asia – only Siam free

- China, Persia & Middle east unoccupied- yet strong Euro influence

Patterns of Dominance

tropical dependencies - Africa, Asia & Sth Pacific - few Europeans rule many indigenous

White Dominions - Canada & Australia - inhabited mostly by Europeans, few natives - 19th century – self government

contested settler colonies- Sth Africa, Algeria, New Zealand, Kenya, Hawaii- Europeans & indigenous clash over control & culture

Colonial Regimes

Europeans exploit ethnic & cultural divisions

minorities favored

small numbers of Euros administer

indigenous officials work at local levels

European racial prejudices

Asians - more opportunities

stunt growth of middle class

Changing social relations

tension b/t ruler & ruled

- live in segregated communities- laws against miscegenation

white supremacy

Shifts in Economies

introduction in late 1800s of new agricultural techniques

work harder to produce more

- cheap consumer goods- increased taxation- forced labor

reduced to dependence on Euro nations

railroads & roads for transport of raw materials

export crops

profits to Europe

Settler Colonies

parallels between Canada, Australia & Sth Africa

temperate climates, few diseases

Australia - British - 1840s - stay on coast - drove indigenous inland - thinly populated - little resistance - peaceful, self-governing

Canada - British - 1600s - move inland - drove indigenous inland - some resistance - Anglo-French friction - peaceful, self-governing

Sth Africa - Afrikaners - 1600s - stay on coast - thinly populated - little resistance - enslaved & interbred - conflict b/t British & Afrikaners - Afrikaners move inland, form 2 republics

Pacific

demographic disastersocial disruption

New Zealand – 1790s - Maoris suffer, disease, alcoholism - adjust, Christianity, farming - 1850s – pushed to interior - use legal, political & education systems to protect culture

Hawaii – 1770s- Kamehameha works with British- royalty adopts western ways- encourage export & western business- Christianity- Americans take over 1898