Industrialization and Reform Essential Questions - How did industrialization, social reform, and philosophical movements influence the direction of American life? How did people respond to the new challenges of industrial life?
May 20, 2015
Industrialization and Reform
Essential Questions -
How did industrialization, social reform, and philosophical movements influence the direction of American life?
How did people respond to the new challenges of industrial life?
• Modern industrialization brainstorming
• Understand causes of industrialization
• Evaluate the effects of industrialization
• PowerPoint presentation industrialization
• Brainstorming effects of industrialization
3 Revolutions (1820s-1850s)
• Economic
• Social Reform
• Political
New Immigrants
• Do you know where they were from??
Irish Immigration = 2 m. in 20yrs
Irish Population % in U.S. Today
The Marshall Court Decisions
• Fletcher v. Peck
• Dartmouth v. Woodward(Daniel Webster )
– States cannot impair the obligation of contracts
The Marshall Court Decisions
• Gibbons v. Ogden
– Fed. Gov’t. regulates interstate commerce
Fulton’s steamboat
Claremont (1809)
A Market Society
• The Factory System – Samuel Slater est.shed America’s first factory in
1790 – First large-scale American factory (1814 Waltham,
MA)• Lowell followed
– “interchangeable parts” that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished products
– South lags behind North
Lowell Mills
Lowell Mills
Water Power
The Locks at Lowell (32 ft. drop)
Boott Mill (1835)
Lowell Boardinghouse
Morning Bell at Lowell
1st Ring
4:30
Last Ring
10:00
Lowell Factory Church (1825)
Rise of factories
Samuel Morse and his Telegraph
A New Economy
• Transportation – Improvements costs and linked farmers to markets – Toll roads did little – Improved water transportation did most
• Steamboat/ canals • increased the speed• lowered the expense of commerce $100- $10
– Railroads – Telegraph
Railroads & Canals Example
• Robert Fulton’s Steamboat 1809(Fulton’s Folly)
• Erie Canal (1825)
(Clinton’s Ditch)
• Catskill to Ithaca Railroad (1928)
Travel During the Erie Canal Era
Dirt Road(freight)
Canal(freight)
Method Wagon 8 Horses
Line Boat 2 Mules
Amount of Time 15-45 Days 9 Days
Cost $100/Ton $6/Ton
Connecting the Great Lakes w/ Miss. River
Railroads, Canals, & Turnpikes
Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830 • pg. 315
Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830
Table 9.1 • pg. 317
The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800–1820 • pg. 316
The Market Revolution: Western Settlement,
1800–1820
A New Economy (con’t)• Inventions
– Eli Whitney’s cotton gin – McCormick’s reaper
• Unfree Westward Movement – App. 1 million slaves moved from to the Deep South
between 1800 and 1860 – Slave trading became a well-organized business
• slave coffles – Cotton became the empire of liberty’s most
important export
Social Reformers
Dorothea Dix
• Girls school 1821
• Report to MA (reading)
• Helped open mental hospitals in 11 states
Horace Mann
• Started MA public schools
• 'common' or public schools would strengthen democracy by uniting children of all social classes
(PBS.org)
Colleges Founded
• Amherst (1821)
• Trinity College (1823)
• Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (1836)
• Oberlin (1833)
The Smithsonian Founded 1846
• British scientist gives money to nephew/U.S.
Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women’s Rights
Susan B. Anthony
So let us consider women in the 1st half of the 18th C.
• Adams “Don’t forget the ladies”• “The Cult of True Womanhood” “cult of domesticity”
• Seneca Falls – 1848 “Declaration of Sentiments”
Transcendentalist
• Truth “transcends” human understanding
• Natural world
• Reclaim life from mechanized world
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalist
• Henry David Thoreau
• On Civil Disobedience– Opposition to Mexican War
(it’ll promote slavery)
– Refused to pay tax
($ used for the war)
Communal Living
• Robert Owen New Harmony– Cooperation would “supersede individual
interest”– Econ. equality…Socialism??
2nd Great Awakening
• Educated, Middle class-oriented
• Emotions
• celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination
• Timothy Dwight & Charles Finney
Religion
• Mormon faith
• Joseph Smith
• Brigham Young leads them west (1846)
Mormon Trail
The Trail Today
Some Major Trails West
Land Acquisition