Industrial visit

Nandini Milk Products of Karnataka Co- Operative Milk

Company Profile

Karnataka Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation Limited (KMF) is the Apex

Body in Karnataka representing Dairy Farmers' Co-operatives. It is the second

largest dairy co-operative amongst the dairy cooperatives in the country. In South

India it stands first in terms of procurement as well as sales. One of the core

functions of the Federation is marketing of Milk and Milk Products. The

Brand  "nandini" is the household name for Pure and Fresh milk and milk

products.

KMF has 13 Milk Unions throughout the State which procure milk from Primary

Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) and distribute milk to the consumers in various

Towns/Cities/Rural markets in Karnataka.

The first ever World Bank funded Dairy Development Program in the country

started in Karnataka with the organisation of Village Level Dairy Co-operatives in

1974. The AMUL pattern of dairy co-operatives started functioning in Karnataka

from 1974-75 with the financial assistance from World Bank, Operation Flood II &

III. The dairy co-operatives were established under the ANAND pattern in a three

tier structure with the Village Level Dairy Co-operatives forming the base level,

the District Level Milk Unions at the middle level to take care of the procurement,

processing and marketing of milk and the Karnataka Milk Federation as the Apex

Body to co-ordinate the growth of the sector at the State level.

Coordination of activities among the Unions and developing market for Milk and

Milk products is the responsibility of KMF. Marketing Milk in the respective

jurisdiction is organized by the respective Milk Unions. Surplus/deficit of liquid

milk among the member Milk Unions is monitored by the Federation. While the

marketing of all the Milk Products is organized by KMF, both within and outside

the State, all the Milk and Milk products are sold under a common brand name

NANDINI.

Vision and Mission

Vision

To march forward with a missionary zeal which will make KMF a trailblazer

of exemplary performance and achievements beckoning other Milk

Federations in the country in pursuit of total emulation of its good deeds.

To ensure prosperity of the rural Milk producers who are ultimate owners of

the Federation.

To promote producer oriented viable cooperative society to impart an

impetus to the rural income, dairy productivity and rural employment.

To a bridge the gap between price of milk procurement and sale price.

To develop business acumen in marketing and trading disciplines so as to

serve consumers with quality milk, give a fillip to the income of milk

producers.

To compete with MNCs and Private Dairies with better quality of milk and

milk products and in the process sustain invincibility of cooperatives.

MISSION

Heralding economic, social and cultural prosperity in the lives of our milk

producer members by promoting vibrant, self-sustaining and holistic

cooperative dairy development in Karnataka State.

PRODUCTS

Growth Process –

The growth over the years and activities undertaken by KMF is summarized briefly

–

Particulars Measure 1976-77 2010-11

Dairy Co-operatives Nos. 416 11542

Membership Nos. 37000 2018788

Milk Procurement Kgs/day 50000 3668314

Milk Sales Lts/day 95050 2377364

Cattle Feed Consumed Kgs/DCS 220 3046

Daily Payments to Farmers Rs. In Lakhs 0.90 449

Turnover Rs, in Crores ----------- 3135

Future Plans –

After the closure of 3 projects, the Government of Karnataka and NDDB signed an

MOU during February 2000, for further strengthening the dairy development

activities in Karnataka with an outlay of Rs. 250 Crores. Consequent to the

announcement of new terms and conditions by NDDB through an evolution of

action plan – perspective 2010 to enable the dairy to face the challenges of the

increased demand for milk and milk products by focusing efforts in the four major

thrust areas of strengthening the Co-operatives in enhancing productivity,

managing quality and building a national information network.

Personal Observations:-

We observed the various process of preparation of milk and packaging there in

huge and hi tech plants and machinery. Besides milk the unit is producing Ghee

and different sweet products like peda, dharwad peda, Mysore pak, paneer etc.

We had a visit to different processing departments of milk and other nandini

products of various ranges of milk origin.

This unit, Nandini milk products is one of the 13 milk unions of Karnataka co-

operative milk producers federation ltd (KMF) which is no 1 in south India and 3rd

in all India in milk production.

It started its activities in 1974-1975 with the aid of word bank (operation flood II

& III)when its overall members unions were 416 and t present the number of its

embers unions is 11063, it procures about 30,25,940 liters milk per day and sells

about 21,29,790 liters milk and about 1,80,000 its curd every day.

Rail Wheel Factory

Corporate Profile

Rail Wheel Factory (earlier known

as Wheel and Axle Plant) is

situated in Bangalore, India. It is a

state-of-the-art plant, meeting bulk

of the requirement of wheels,

axles and wheel sets for the Indian

Railways. The spare capacity

available is profitably utilised to meet the domestic demands for non-railway

customers and exports.

RWF strives to build successful and lasting relationships with its customers by

consistently exceeding their expectations. Customer focus and quality remain our

watchwords.

The plant is certified to ISO-9001: 2000 and ISO-14001: 1994 standards by M/s.

BVQI. It is also certified to confirm to the Quality Assurance Program of

Association of American Railroads (AAR) in respect of manufacture of new

wheels and axles.

All products are subjected to stage and final inspection, starting from the chemical

composition of the molten metal till the final inspection. This includes

micro/macro properties of the material, Magnetic Particle Testing, Ultrasonic

Testing, Hardness, warpage, dimensional parameters, surface finish etc.

All our products are accompanied with a Quality Assurance Certificate and carry a

warranty of one year from shipment. RWF has the full capability to design and

manufacture any size of wheels, axles and wheel sets to suit individual customer’s

special requirements.

Vision, Mission & Quality Policy

Vision

To become a renowned global leader in the Business

of developing and manufacturing Cast Steel Rail Road

Wheels, precision Forged Axles and immaculately assembled Wheel

sets.

Mission

To emerge as a unique global centre for design, development and

manufacturing excellence of our products through continuous improvement

by upgrading our quality, reliability, dependability and value addition in a

deliberate and proactive manner.

To perennially endeavor to sustain excellence in customer satisfaction by

consistently exceeding their expectations.

To develop our human capital by constant enhancement of their technical,

managerial & innovative capabilities.

To promote ethical business practices and values in the true spirit of

corporate governance.

Quality Policy

We, the employees of Rail Wheel Factory will strive:

To sustain our excellence in Quality in the manufacturing of Wheels, Axles

and Wheel Sets

To delight our customers and

To continually improve.

Departments –

The Various departments of RWF are mentioned below –

Mechanical.

Stores.

Accounts.

Personnel.

Civil Engineering.

Electrical.

MIS.

Vigilance.

Medical.

General Administration.

History –

Till early 1980s Indian Railways were importing about 55% of requirements of

wheels and axles. Indigenous capacity was available only at Tata Iron and Steel

Company (TISCO) and Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP). The TISCO plant was not

technically capable of meeting the changing requirements of wheels and axles for

the new designs of rolling back and production was discontinued. DSP was only

able to partially meet Indian Railways needs.

The cost of imports was high with price rising in the world market. Financing of

imports delays in supplies and limited availability of foreign exchange adversely

affected wagon production and rolling stock maintenance. It was in the context that

in the early 1970s the Railway Ministry felt that the necessity of setting up a new

specialized production unit for manufacturing of rolling stock wheels and axles as

import substitute. The ultimate objective was the DSP and the Rail Wheel Factory

(RWF) should be able to meet totally Indian Railways’ requirement for standard

wheels and axles so that their import could be stopped.

An intensive study was made of the latest technology and equipment available

globally possibility of collaboration and foreign exchange requirement. Based on

this study, the RWF project was conceived in the mid 70s with IR deciding to –

1. Adopt cast wheel technology developed by M/s Griffin Wheel Co.

USA for wheel manufacture. Adoption of Cast Wheel Technology

was more suitable as the productivity of the plant is higher and cost of

production is lower as compared to forged wheels. The net savings in

foreign exchange on wheel imports was estimated at Rs, 8 Crores per

annum.

2. Undertake axle forging on special purpose. Long forging machine

followed by heat treatment furnaces with automated conveyors for the

movement of axles.

3. Provide axle machining facilities incorporating profile copying lathes,

special purpose end machine equipment and a wheel set assembly

complex with integrated engineering for handling and movement of

axles.

Personal Observations –

The personal observations I had during the Industrial visit to the Rail Wheel

Factory is discussed briefly –

Handing of axles.

Handling of axles where very interesting, the technological and mechanical

efforts put in that direction and the additional physical efforts all really

where amazing.

Finding out the whole procedure.

It took some time to grasp the complete procedures as it was really a bit

complicate. All the steps involved where unique and significant.

Conversion of scrap.

Conversion of scraps back to the useful item was one of the most interesting

things overall. It was really amazing and inspiring, how the useless bits of

scraps where turned into very useful item.

Assembling of wheels and axles.

Assembling where really laborious task, it demanded high physical input.

The hard work and efforts of the workmen were really commendable.

Silk worm seed production centre

Functions:

1. Seed production

2. Marketing.

3. Administration.

4. Quality Check.

National Silkworm Seed Organization

1. Production.

2. Marketing.’

3. Administration.

4. Management.

Quality policy

1. Quality of procured seed cocoons.

2. Processes.

3. Awareness of Staff.

4. Technology for Adapting, developing latest developed and available one.

5. Infrastructure.

Silkworm

The Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is the larva or caterpillar of a moth that is important

because it makes silk. It is entirely dependent on humans and no longer lives in the

wild; silk has been made for at least 5000 years in China. Silkworms eat mulberry

leaves. They are native to northern China.

Growth

Silkworms are very hungry. They eat mulberry leaves day and night. Silkworm

eggs take about ten days to hatch. When the colour of their heads turns darker, it

means that it is time for them to shed their skins. After they shed four times, their

bodies turn slightly yellow and their skin becomes tighter, which means they are

going to become a pupa. While they are a pupa, they turn into moths. Before

becoming a pupa, the silkworm wraps itself in a cocoon, to help protect itself. The

silkworm is called a silkworm because it spins its cocoon from raw silk that it

makes in its mouth. Many other larva produce cocoons, but only a few silkworms

are used to make silk.

Silk

The cocoon is made of one thread of raw silk from 300 to 900 meters (1000 to

3000 feet) long. The fibers are very thin. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are needed

to make a pound of silk.

If the animal is allowed to survive after spinning its cocoon, it will make a hole in

the cocoon when it exits as a moth. This would cut the threads and ruin the silk.

Instead, silkworm cocoons are thrown into boiling water, which kills the silkworms

and also makes the cocoons easier to unravel. Often, the silkworm itself is eaten.

The adult silkworms (moths) cannot fly. The silkworm-moths have wings

about 2 inches wide and a white hairy body. Females are about two to three times

bigger than the males, but similarly colored. Adult silkworms have small mouths

and do not eat.

Silkworm legends

In China, there is a legend that the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an

ancient queen called Leizu. She was drinking tea under a tree when a cocoon fell

into her tea. She picked it out and as it started to wrap around her finger, she

slowly felt something warm. When the silk ran out, she saw a small cocoon. In an

instant, she realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk. She taught this to

the people and it became common. There are many more legends about the

silkworm.

The Chinese guarded their knowledge of silk. It is said that a Chinese

princess smuggled eggs to Japan, hidden in her hair. The Japanese also love silk. It

takes 2100 silkworms to make a single kimono.

Food

In Korea, silkworm pupae, boiled and seasoned, are a popular snack food known as

beondegi.

In China, street vendors sell roasted silkworm pupae. The pupae are a delicacy in

the Northern Area of China. They are baked with Satay sauces and rice to add

extra flavour. In Japan, Silkworm Pupae is used in many dishes, including some

types of sushi and even salads.

References

1. Scoble, MJ, 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity.

Princeton Univ. Press.

2. Goldsmith, M, Toru Shimada, and Hiroaki Abe. 2004. The genetics and

genomics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Annual Review of Entomology

50:71-100.

3. Grimaldi and Engel, 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge

University Press.

Production

The cultivation of silk is called sericulture. Over 30 countries produce silk, the

major ones are China (54%) and India (14%).

"In order to produce 1 kg of silk, 104 kg of mulberry leaves need to be eaten by

3000 silkworms. It takes about 5000 silkworms to make a pure silk kimono."

Personal Observations: –

1. Identification of male and female silk worms.

It can only be identified once they go through metamorphsis, and it has to do

with the size. "The larger caterpillars have more energy, so they become

females. The small caterpillars, in order to maximize their contribution to the

gene pool, become males so they can (hopefully) impregnate lots of females.

Even stripes help to identify the gender.

2. Observation silk, people and world.

Silk has always been a sign of pride and luxury. It’s the sign of the rich and

power in many countries especially in the Indian subcontinent. Silk has also

great role in history. The route from china to India was named the silk route.

3. Egg of the Silk worm in cold storage.

Eggs of the silk worm is preserved in very low temperature so as it can be

used for the next season. Eggs kept in this condition are hibernated and

doesn’t get ruined. Depending on the type of egg temperature and humidity

maintained is different.