Industrial training Report

TRAINING REPORT

TRAINING REPORT

Punjab Roadways/ PUNBUSHoshiarpur

SUBMITTED BY:HARYADH SINGHROLL NO. 11203211DURATION: 20-06-2013TO20-07-2013

SUBMITTED TO:DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA.

GEAR BOX

In order to house the gears, a casing or the box, usually made of aluminium alloy or malleable cast iron is used.GEAR SHOP

It enables the driving wheels to be driven at different speeds.It enables to reverse the vehicleIt enables to convert the power of the engine running at high speed into low speed.It enables the engine to be disconnected from the driving wheels

FUNCTIONS OF GEAR BOXThe synchromesh type gear box is used in most of modern automobiles where the gear to be meshed when approaching each other are made to have their rotations coincide by frictional forces so that there peripheral speed are the same there by make them easier to mesh. It has big advantage of allowing smooth and quick shifting of gears without danger of damaging and without necessity of double de-clutching.

SYNCHROMESH GEAR BOX

5CASINGMAIN SHAFTCOUNTER SHAFTMAIN DRIVE GEAREXTENTION HOUSING

PARTS OF SYNCHROMESH GEAR BOX

Clutch hubClutch hub sleeveSynchronizer ringsSynchromesh shifting keys

MAIN COMPONENT OF SYNCHROMESH GEARThe defective bus engines are opened and assembled in the engine shop after opening the engine. The different parts of the engine goes to different shops for repairing and cleaning. For example: After opening the engine, if the fuel pump is found defective then it goes to the engine shop.ENGINE SHOP

Although several types of prime movers are available, the diesel is one which is most commonly used. Relatively speaking, Diesel engines are small, inexpensive, powerful, fuel efficient and extremely reliable if maintained properly.DIESEL ENGINEMAIN COMPONENTS OF ENGINEThe cylinder block is the foundation of the engine. It is a single unit made up of cast iron. It consists three parts:The cylinder in which piston reciprocates.The ports for valvePassage for flow of cooing water

CYLINDER BLOCKThe crankcase is the base of the engine. It supports the crankshaft in bearings. The crankcase is fitted with brackets that support the engine on the frame.

CRANKCASEPiston reciprocates inside the cylinder.It transmits the thrust generated by the explosion of gas to the connecting rod.

PISTON The connecting rod transmits the power from the piston to the crankshaft. The rod is made up of drop- forged, heat treated steel to provide the requried strength. Each end of the rod is bored.CONNECTING ROD

The crankshaft converts the linear motion of piston into a rotational motion that is transmitted to load. Crankshafts are made of forged steel.

CRANKSHAFT The camshaft is made either of forged steel or of cast iron. The shaft is hardened to resist wear. The camshaft id driven by crankshaft and has a numer of cam loes located along its length.

CAMSHAFTRADIATOR: Radiator are the heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another medium for the purpose of cooling.

ENGINE COOLINGBRAKING SYSTEMThe function of the brake is to stop or slow down the vehicle when moving or to prevent it from moving when it is stationary. It is widely used incase of heavy buses and trucks requiring a heavier braking effort in comparison to that of the drivers foot pressure. Two types:Air actuared drum brakeAir actuated disc brake.

AIR BRAKEELECTERICAL SHOPELECTERICAL SYSTEMEvery automobile contains an electrical system under its hood which produces and stores energy. The electeical system has two main functions:It must supply the electrical energy to start and operate the engine.To operate the lights, instruments and other electrical accessories.BORING SHOP The basic purpose of boring in machining is enlarging a hole that has already been drilled. This is achieved by a single cutting tool. The main work done in boring shop are:Grinding the valve.Grinding the gudgeon pin.Grinding the two ends of connecting rod.Grinding the holes in cam shaft.

BORING

CRANK SHAFT GRINDING SHOP Crankshaft grinding machine is used to regrind the the crankshaft, crankpins and journals.

CRANKSHAFT GRINDING MACHINEA-SERVICE SHOPA-service consits:Cleaning or changing of air filter.Greasing of different parts of bus.Changing of engine oil.

A- SERVICEB-SERVICE SHOPB-service involves following maintenance:Check wheel bearings. Check suspension system.Check wheel assembly.Replace Brake linings.Check tyres and wheel alignment.B-SERVICEThank You!!!